Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Phosphorus And Nitrogen Cycling In The Mediterranean Sea
Download Phosphorus And Nitrogen Cycling In The Mediterranean Sea full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Phosphorus And Nitrogen Cycling In The Mediterranean Sea ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Phosphorus and Nitrogen Cycling in the Mediterranean Sea by : Helen Rebecca Powley
Download or read book Phosphorus and Nitrogen Cycling in the Mediterranean Sea written by Helen Rebecca Powley and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mediterranean Sea (MS) is an oligotrophic marine basin despite being semi-enclosed with unusually low inorganic phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) concentrations, and high nitrate (NO3):phosphate (PO4) ratios comparative to the global ocean. In addition distinct biogeochemical differences occur between the Western Mediterranean Sea (WMS) and Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS). Episodic deposition of organic rich sediments in the EMS indicate that fast changes in biogeochemical cycling within the MS may have occurred in the recent geological past with the development of eutrophic conditions and anoxic deep waters. Currently, close to 430 million people live within the drainage basin of the MS. The pace of population growth, coastal urbanization, land use changes and climate change are increasingly modifying hydrological and biogeochemical cycling within the MS with potential for major ecological consequences. In this thesis, a coupled P and N mass balance model is created with the goal of: (1) understanding the unique biogeochemistry of the MS and (2) delineating how anthropogenic activities and circulation affect P and N cycling and primary productivity within the MS. Anthropogenic inputs to the aquatic systems have dramatically increased since 1950. In Chapter 2, anthropogenic inputs of reactive P and N into the EMS between 1950 and 2000 were reconstructed and applied to a steady state mass balance model for P and N cycling in the EMS. The WMS provided the main source of P and N to the EMS over 1950 to 2000. Reactive P and N inputs increased by a maximum of 24% and 65% respectively over 1950 to 2000 yet primary productivity only increased by 16%. The excess P provided to the EMS after 1950 was largely exported out of the EMS through the Strait of Sicily to the WMS or stored within the deep water, maintaining the oligotrophy of the sea. Direct discharges of domestic wastewater are typically not included in mass balance nutrient models of the MS and were not included in the P and N inputs in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 used an empirical model to determine that P and N inputs from direct domestic wastewater discharges into the MS were on the same order of magnitude as inputs from rivers for the year 2003 and therefore should be included in nutrient budgets for the MS. Population growth, dietary changes and expanded connectivity to sewers were expected to further increase direct wastewater nutrient inputs to the MS in the future, especially in southern and eastern regions of the Mediterranean basin. Regionally targeted upgrades to tertiary wastewater treatment, combined with enhanced wastewater recycling and banning phosphates from laundry and dishwasher detergents, may be the most cost-effective way to prevent the expansion of coastal eutrophication. The Mediterranean region is one of the most sensitive globally to climate change but impact on the thermohaline circulation is uncertain. In Chapter 4, the sensitivity of dissolved oxygen (O2) concentrations to climate change was assessed using a mass balance model of O2 cycling in the MS. To achieve this, a circulation model for the WMS was created and coupled to the pre-existing EMS circulation model. Results show that the MS is unlikely to go hypoxic within the foreseeable future despite large potential changes in the thermohaline circulation. The change in the provision of labile dissolved organic carbon with deep water formation may result in a negative feedback, reducing the effects of climate driven changes in circulation on oxygen consumption. The coupled WMS-EMS circulation model created in Chapter 4 is used to create a mass balance model for P and N cycling in the MS for 1950 (Chapter 5). Direct wastewater and submarine groundwater discharges are included for the first time in a nutrient budget for the MS. The nutrient budgets for both the WMS and EMS are dominated by marine derived inputs. In addition, up to 5 times more marine derived reactive P and N entered the WMS than EMS per unit surface area and this is primary the cause of the west to east differences in biogeochemical properties observed across the MS: land derived inputs are approximately similar per unit surface area between the basins. The high NO3:PO4 deep water ratio of the MS is caused by the high N:P ratio of inputs, in particular atmospheric inputs, together with low denitrification rates. The low NO3:PO4 ratio of the inflow through Gibraltar helps drive the lower N:P ratio in the WMS than EMS. The magnitude and strength of year on year deep water formation within the MS is highly variable and the response of P and N concentrations to inter-annual changes in intermediate water and deep water formation versus that from anthropogenic enrichment is unknown. In Chapter 6, anthropogenic reactive P and N inputs into the MS between 1950 and 2030 were reconstructed and applied to the coupled WMS-EMS steady state P and N model created in Chapter 5. The anthropogenic nutrient signature of the MS is diluted by the dominance of the Atlantic surface water and exchanges across the Straits of Sicily in providing P and N to the WMS and EMS. In addition, the anti-estuarine circulation removes approximately 50% of the anthropogenic nutrients input into the MS by 2030. Consequently, anthropogenic nutrient enrichment cannot be observed in water column dissolved reactive P concentrations over the noise created by inter-annual variability in circulation. Anthropogenic enrichment of dissolved reactive N concentrations may be observed after 1970 for DON and 1990 for NO3. Overall, nutrient inputs into the MS are dominated by laterally sourced marine derived inputs. Thus the MS behaves more like a subtropical gyre than an enclosed marine basin. The important contribution of organic matter in nutrient cycling is highlighted in this thesis with anthropogenic reactive N inputs predicted to accumulate in the DON reservoir. The MS acts as a bioreactor for organic matter cycling, converting organic nutrients to inorganic ones at depth which are then exported out of the basin by the anti-estuarine circulation. Future work should concentrate on understanding the lability of organic matter from input sources to the MS and within the water column of the MS.
Book Synopsis Mediterranean Identities by : Borna Fuerst-Bjeliš
Download or read book Mediterranean Identities written by Borna Fuerst-Bjeliš and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the Mediterranean? The perception of the Mediterranean leans equally on the nature, culture, history, lifestyle, and landscape. To approach the question of identity, it seems that we have to give importance to all of these. There is no Mediterranean identity, but Mediterranean identities. Mediterranean is not about the homogeneity and uniformity, but about the unity that comes from diversities, contacts, and interconnections. The book tends to embrace the environment, society, and culture of the Mediterranean in their multiple and unique interconnections over the millennia, contributing to the better understanding of the essential human-environmental interrelations. The choice of 17 chapters of the book, written by a number of prominent scholars, clearly shows the necessity of the interdisciplinary approach to the Mediterranean identity issues. The book stresses the most serious concerns of the Mediterranean today - threats to biodiversity, risks, and hazards - mostly the increasing wildfires and finally depletion of traditional Mediterranean practices and landscapes, as constituent parts of the Mediterranean heritage.
Book Synopsis On the Nature of Phosphorus Cycling and Limitation in the Eastern Mediterranean by : Michael D. Krom
Download or read book On the Nature of Phosphorus Cycling and Limitation in the Eastern Mediterranean written by Michael D. Krom and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nitrogen in the Marine Environment by : Edward J. Carpenter
Download or read book Nitrogen in the Marine Environment written by Edward J. Carpenter and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 919 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen in the Marine Environment provides information pertinent to the many aspects of the nitrogen cycle. This book presents the advances in ocean productivity research, with emphasis on the role of microbes in nitrogen transformations with excursions to higher trophic levels. Organized into 24 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the abundance and distribution of the various forms of nitrogen in a number of estuaries. This text then provides a comparison of the nitrogen cycling of various ecosystems within the marine environment. Other chapters consider chemical distributions and methodology as an aid to those entering the field. This book discusses as well the enzymology of the initial steps of inorganic nitrogen assimilation. The final chapter deals with the philosophy and application of modeling as an investigative method in basic research on nitrogen dynamics in coastal and open-ocean marine environments. This book is a valuable resource for plant biochemists, microbiologists, aquatic ecologists, and bacteriologists.
Book Synopsis Nitrogen Cycling in the Past and in the Present Mediterranean Sea and Arabian Sea by : Jürgen Henning Möbius
Download or read book Nitrogen Cycling in the Past and in the Present Mediterranean Sea and Arabian Sea written by Jürgen Henning Möbius and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Impact of Desert Dust Across the Mediterranean by : Stefano Guerzoni
Download or read book The Impact of Desert Dust Across the Mediterranean written by Stefano Guerzoni and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-11-30 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The atmosphere is an important pathway for the transport of continentally-derived material to the oceans. In this respect the Mediterranean Sea is of special importance because its atmosphere receives inputs of anthropogenic aerosols from the north and desert- derived Saharan dusts from the south. The dusts, much of which is transported in the form of seasonal `pulses', have important effects on climate, marine chemistry and sedimentation in the Mediterranean Sea. This volume brings together reviews and specific-topic papers on the following aspects of Saharan dust transport to the Mediterranean Sea: (i) the modelling of Saharan dust transport, (ii) the chemistry and mineralogy of the dusts and their effect on precipitation, (iii) the contribution of the dusts to marine sedimentation, (iv) the aerobiology of the dusts, and (v) climatic implications of Saharan dust transport. The volume is aimed at students and researchers with an interest in the climate, biogeochemistry and geology of the Mediterranean Sea.
Book Synopsis Oceanography of the Mediterranean Sea by : Katrin Schroeder
Download or read book Oceanography of the Mediterranean Sea written by Katrin Schroeder and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-10-16 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oceanography of the Mediterranean Sea: An Introductory Guide provides a comprehensive but concise introduction to the physical oceanography of one of the most fascinating marginal seas, the Mediterranean Sea. The book is primarily focused on the state-of-the-art understanding of the physical functioning of the Mediterranean Sea, while embracing the fundamentals of associated geological and chemical processes. Written by multiple scientists active over many years in the Mediterranean marine community, the book provides a broad overview on the information needed to get a robust background on the physical oceanography of the Mediterranean Sea for students in oceanography, climate science, marine geology and chemistry or scientists unfamiliar with the region. - Provides a comprehensive but concise introduction to the physical oceanography of the Mediterranean Sea - Presents the existing links between climate, ocean, biogeochemical cycles and geological evolution at the Mediterranean scale - Presents clear examples of the Mediterranean region, as well as comparisons with other regions globally
Book Synopsis Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter by : Dennis A. Hansell
Download or read book Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter written by Dennis A. Hansell and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-10-02 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex mixture of molecules found throughout the world's oceans. It plays a key role in the export, distribution, and sequestration of carbon in the oceanic water column, posited to be a source of atmospheric climate regulation. Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter, Second Edition, focuses on the chemical constituents of DOM and its biogeochemical, biological, and ecological significance in the global ocean, and provides a single, unique source for the references, information, and informed judgments of the community of marine biogeochemists. Presented by some of the world's leading scientists, this revised edition reports on the major advances in this area and includes new chapters covering the role of DOM in ancient ocean carbon cycles, the long term stability of marine DOM, the biophysical dynamics of DOM, fluvial DOM qualities and fate, and the Mediterranean Sea. Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter, Second Edition, is an extremely useful resource that helps people interested in the largest pool of active carbon on the planet (DOC) get a firm grounding on the general paradigms and many of the relevant references on this topic. Features up-to-date knowledge of DOM, including five new chapters The only published work to synthesize recent research on dissolved organic carbon in the Mediterranean Sea Includes chapters that address inputs from freshwater terrestrial DOM
Book Synopsis Estimates of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Cycling by Fish Using a Bioenergetics Approach by : Clifford Kraft
Download or read book Estimates of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Cycling by Fish Using a Bioenergetics Approach written by Clifford Kraft and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Life in the Mediterranean Sea by : Noga Stambler
Download or read book Life in the Mediterranean Sea written by Noga Stambler and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mediterranean Sea is considered the most threatened sea on Earth. This book presents a scientific look at the past, present and future changes occurring in the Mediterranean Sea. In addition, this book also gives a background description of the geology, physical oceanography, marine chemistry and marine biology of the Mediterranean Sea. It provides an up-to-date summary of the human (anthropogenic) factors affecting the Mediterranean marine environment, as well as an estimate of the future of the Mediterranean Sea as related to local and global changes, with an emphasis on climate change.
Book Synopsis The European Nitrogen Assessment by : Mark A. Sutton
Download or read book The European Nitrogen Assessment written by Mark A. Sutton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-14 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting the first continental-scale assessment of reactive nitrogen in the environment, this book sets the related environmental problems in context by providing a multidisciplinary introduction to the nitrogen cycle processes. Issues of upscaling from farm plot and city to national and continental scales are addressed in detail with emphasis on opportunities for better management at local to global levels. The five key societal threats posed by reactive nitrogen are assessed, providing a framework for joined-up management of the nitrogen cycle in Europe, including the first cost-benefit analysis for different reactive nitrogen forms and future scenarios. Incorporating comprehensive maps, a handy technical synopsis and a summary for policy makers, this landmark volume is an essential reference for academic researchers across a wide range of disciplines, as well as stakeholders and policy makers. It is also a valuable tool in communicating the key environmental issues and future challenges to the wider public.
Book Synopsis The Mediterranean Sea by : Stefano Goffredo
Download or read book The Mediterranean Sea written by Stefano Goffredo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-09 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is an indispensable addition to the multidisciplinary coverage of the science of the Mediterranean Sea. The editors have gathered leading authorities from the fields of Marine Biology, Ecology, paleoclimatology, Chemical and Physical Oceanography, Zoology, Botany, Aquatic Photosynthesis, Socioeconomics, Mariculture, Mediterranean History and Science of Humanity. Beginning with the birth of the Mediterranean Sea and its myths. From coral to fish, an introduction is given to its major inhabitants of plants and animals past and present. The chapters illustrate how organisms interact as part of the structure and function of the Sea's main ecosystems. The rise of the Mediterranean as the cradle of the Western Civilization leads to a discourse on the status of human interaction with the sea. Accelerating global climate change, water warming, ocean acidification and sea level rise, and analyses of their effects on key organisms, entire ecosystems and human socioeconomics are given. Forecasting and predictions are presented taking into account different future scenarios from the IPCC (International Panel on Climate Change). The volume is richly illustrated in color, with an extensive bibliography. A valuable addition to the limited literature in the field, offering up-to-date broad coverage merging science and humanities.
Book Synopsis Phosphorus Along the Soil-Freshwater-Ocean Continuum by : Barbara J. Cade-Menun
Download or read book Phosphorus Along the Soil-Freshwater-Ocean Continuum written by Barbara J. Cade-Menun and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-05-15 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for all organisms. However, there is a P paradox, whereby P concentrations considered deficient in some environments such as in agricultural soils are considered excessive in water, where they trigger eutrophication. Ensuring adequate P for crop production while minimizing water quality degradation requires consideration of the P continuum from soils to freshwater and oceans. It also requires an international, interdisciplinary approach to monitoring and scientific research. This eBook brings together P studies in soil science, lakes, rivers, estuaries and oceans, with 74 authors from 12 countries in Asia, Europe and North America. The papers assembled here provide important new information to address knowledge gaps, cover P forms and cycling in soil and water, and identify key priorities for future research. Thus, the papers assembled here provide current and interdisciplinary information about P forms and their cycling along the soil-freshwater-ocean continuum, which is essential for environmentally sustainable P use.
Book Synopsis Nitrogen Cycling in the North Atlantic Ocean and its Watersheds by : Robert W. Howarth
Download or read book Nitrogen Cycling in the North Atlantic Ocean and its Watersheds written by Robert W. Howarth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human activity has dramatically altered the global nitrogen cycle in recent decades. These changes are not evenly distributed around the world; rather, they are greatest in regions of significant industrial and agricultural activity, as the synthesis and use of inorganic fertilizers, cultivation of legumes, burning of fossil fuels, and the simple act of concentrating humans and animals in dense populations all lead to the release of excess, reactive forms of nitrogen into the environment. In part because reactive nitrogen is frequently a limiting nutrient in many terrestrial and aquatic systems, an excess can lead to a variety of adverse effects on both environmental and human health. The North Atlantic Ocean and its contributing watersheds constitute a region which has seen perhaps the greatest increase in anthropogenically-derived nitrogen. In May of 1994, the International Scope Nitrogen Project, with funding from the Andrew Mellon Foundation, the United Nations Environment Program, and the World Meteorological Organization, sponsored a workshop held on Block Island, RI, USA, entitled `Nitrogen Dynamics of the North Atlantic Basin'. More than 50 scientists from 12 different countries convened with a unique set of goals: an integrated and comprehensive estimate of the current nitrogen cycle of the ocean, coastal systems, and contributing watersheds of the North Atlantic region; an analysis of human-induced changes to those cycles; and an assessment of the current and future effects of human-induced changes to nitrogen cycling throughout the globe.
Author :Subhas C Mukhopadhyay Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :3642370063 Total Pages :292 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (423 download)
Book Synopsis Smart Sensors for Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring by : Subhas C Mukhopadhyay
Download or read book Smart Sensors for Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring written by Subhas C Mukhopadhyay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-17 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensors are being utilized to increasing degrees in all forms of industry. Researchers and industrial practitioners in all fields seek to obtain a better understanding of appropriate processes so as to improve quality of service and efficiency. The quality of water is no exception, and the water industry is faced with a wide array of water quality issues being present world-wide. Thus, the need for sensors to tackle this diverse subject is paramount. The aim of this book is to combine, for the first time, international expertise in the area of water quality monitoring using smart sensors and systems in order that a better understanding of the challenges faced and solutions posed may be available to all in a single text.
Book Synopsis Nitrogen in the Marine Environment by : Douglas G. Capone
Download or read book Nitrogen in the Marine Environment written by Douglas G. Capone and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-08-15 with total page 1759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first edition of Nitrogen in the Environment published in 1983, it has been recognized as the standard in the field. In the time since the book first appeared, there has been tremendous growth in the field with unprecedented discoveries over the past decade that have fundamentally changed the view of the marine nitrogen cycle. As a result, this Second Edition contains twice the amount of information as contained in the first edition. This updated edition is now available online, offering searchability and instant, multi-user access to this important information. *The classic text, fully updated to reflect the rapid pace of discovery*Provides researchers and students in oceanography, chemistry, and marine ecology an understanding of the marine nitrogen cycle*Available online with easy access and search - the information you need, when you need it
Book Synopsis Ocean Biogeochemistry by : Michael J.R. Fasham
Download or read book Ocean Biogeochemistry written by Michael J.R. Fasham and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oceans account for 50% of the anthropogenic CO2 released into the atmosphere. During the past 15 years an international programme, the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), has been studying the ocean carbon cycle to quantify and model the biological and physical processes whereby CO2 is pumped from the ocean's surface to the depths of the ocean, where it can remain for hundreds of years. This project is one of the largest multi-disciplinary studies of the oceans ever carried out and this book synthesises the results. It covers all aspects of the topic ranging from air-sea exchange with CO2, the role of physical mixing, the uptake of CO2 by marine algae, the fluxes of carbon and nitrogen through the marine food chain to the subsequent export of carbon to the depths of the ocean. Special emphasis is laid on predicting future climatic change.
