Pharmacogenetics Of The Dna Repair And Oxidative Stress Pathways In Outcomes Of Cancer Patients

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Pharmacogenetics of the DNA Repair and Oxidative Stress Pathways in Outcomes of Cancer Patients

Author : Nataliya Kuptsova
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 175 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (636 download)

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Book Synopsis Pharmacogenetics of the DNA Repair and Oxidative Stress Pathways in Outcomes of Cancer Patients by : Nataliya Kuptsova

Download or read book Pharmacogenetics of the DNA Repair and Oxidative Stress Pathways in Outcomes of Cancer Patients written by Nataliya Kuptsova and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: Radiation and chemotherapy, widely used for treatment of neoplasms, cause a variety of DNA damage lesions to the genome. Generation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as induction of single- and double-strand DNA breaks, are common mechanisms of action of radiotherapy and chemotherapeutic agents. Overexpression of enzymes participating in detoxification of xenobiotics and enhanced activity of DNA repair pathways are some of the established causes of resistance to treatment. Inherited genetic variation, common throughout the genome, largely contributes to modified effects of anti-cancer treatment through altered activity, encoded by polymorphic genes. In this dissertation, we investigated relationships between treatment outcomes and polymorphisms in 1) glutathione-S-transferases (GST) and other oxidative stress-related enzymes, and 2) base-, nucleotide-excision, and double-strand break repair pathways.^Patients and Methods: Early stage breast cancer patients from a German cohort were genotyped for polymorphisms in genes related to oxidative stress, GSTA1, GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, CAT, MnSOD, eNOS, and MPO, in relation to late dermatologic side effects of radiation treatment. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) adult patients from two study populations (Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) and Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI)) were genotyped for APE1, ERCC1, ERCC2/(XPD), XRCC1, XRCC3 and XRCC1, ERCC2/(XPD) polymorphisms respectively. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry was used in genotyping of all patients. Logistic and proportional hazards regression models were applied to evaluate relationships between genotypes/haplotypes and toxicities, response to treatment and overall survival.^Results: Among women treated with breast-conserving surgery and radiation, patients with variant GSTA1 genotypes were at significantly increased risk of telangiectasia (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.11-3.11). Conversely, reduced odds of telangiectasia was noted for lower-activity eNOS genotypes (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.36-0.93). Furthermore, genotype effects were modified by follow-up time. In the AML SWOG cohort, patients with XPD Gln751C/Asp312G (`D') haplotype were more likely to have complete response (CR) [OR=3.06 (95% CI: 1.44-6.70)] and less likely to have resistant disease (RD) [OR=0.32 (95%CI: 0.14-0.72)] than patients with other haplotypes. ERCC1 polymorphisms were significantly associated with lung (P=.037) and metabolic (P=.041) toxicities, and patients with the XRCC3 241Met variant had reduced risk of liver toxicity (OR=0.32, 95%CI: 0.11-0.95). Significant associations with other toxicities were also found for variant XPD genotypes/haplotypes.^Among RPCI AML patients, differential chemotherapy responses were observed in patients with variant XPD 312, XPD 751 and XPD haplotypes. Effects were modified by AML onset. Among secondary AML patients, XPD 751Gln/Gln variant was associated with 7.07-higher odds of achieving complete remission (CR), (95% CI, 1.42-35.18); XPD 312Asn/Asn genotype was associated with 11.23-fold increase in CR, (95% CI, 2.23-56.63). Patients in `BB/DA' (751Gln/312Asn-751Gln/312Asn/751Gln/Asp312-Lys751-Asp312) variant diplotype category were more likely to achieve CR (OR=31.10 (95% CI: 3.98-242.88)). Significant associations between better overall survival (OS) and XPD variant genotypes/haplotypes were also observed. Furthermore, variant XPD genotypes/haplotypes were associated with significantly reduced risk of nausea/vomiting; in `BB/DA' diplotype group this risk was (OR 0.35, 95% CI, 0.13-0.90).^Significant relationships between infectious complications after induction chemotherapy and heterozygote XPD genotypes/haplotypes were seen. Conclusions: The findings from this research indicate significant associations between inter-individual genetic variations in oxidative stress and DNA repair enzymes and response to treatment, overall survival, as well as development of radiation- and chemotherapy-induced toxicities. With validation of results in larger samples, these findings could lead to optimizing individual radio- and chemotherapy options for patients with cancer.

DNA Damage, Oxidative Stress and Related Metabolic By-Products in Cancer and Environmental Studies

Author : Marco E. M. Peluso
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3036512705
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis DNA Damage, Oxidative Stress and Related Metabolic By-Products in Cancer and Environmental Studies by : Marco E. M. Peluso

Download or read book DNA Damage, Oxidative Stress and Related Metabolic By-Products in Cancer and Environmental Studies written by Marco E. M. Peluso and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-01 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which uses numerical analysis to predict and model complex flow behaviors and transport processes, has become a mainstream tool in engineering process research and development. Complex chemical processes often involve coupling between dynamics at vastly different length and time scales, as well as coupling of different physical models. The multiscale and multiphysics nature of those problems calls for delicate modeling approaches. This book showcases recent contributions in this field, from the development of modeling methodology to its application in supporting the design, development, and optimization of engineering processes.

Recent Developments in Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics

Author : Henk-Jan Guchelaar
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889716481
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis Recent Developments in Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics by : Henk-Jan Guchelaar

Download or read book Recent Developments in Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics written by Henk-Jan Guchelaar and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-11-16 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease

Author : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 728 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease by : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General

Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

DNA Repair in Cancer Therapy

Author : Mark R. Kelley
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128035994
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis DNA Repair in Cancer Therapy by : Mark R. Kelley

Download or read book DNA Repair in Cancer Therapy written by Mark R. Kelley and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-06-07 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA Repair and Cancer Therapy: Molecular Targets and Clinical Applications, Second Edition provides a comprehensive and timely reference that focuses on the translational and clinical use of DNA repair as a target area for the development of diagnostic biomarkers and the enhancement of cancer treatment. Experts on DNA repair proteins from all areas of cancer biology research take readers from bench research to new therapeutic approaches. This book provides a detailed discussion of combination therapies, in other words, how the inhibition of repair pathways can be coupled with chemotherapy, radiation, or DNA damaging drugs. Newer areas in this edition include the role of DNA repair in chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy, radiation DNA damage, Fanconi anemia cross-link repair, translesion DNA polymerases, BRCA1-BRCA2 pathway for HR and synthetic lethality, and mechanisms of resistance to clinical PARP inhibitors. Provides a comprehensive overview of the basic and translational research in DNA repair as a cancer therapeutic target Includes timely updates from the earlier edition, including Fanconi Anemia cross-link repair, translesion DNA polymerases, chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy, and many other new areas within DNA repair and cancer therapy Saves academic, medical, and pharma researchers time by allowing them to quickly access the very latest details on DNA repair and cancer therapy Assists researchers and research clinicians in understanding the importance of the breakthroughs that are contributing to advances in disease-specific research

Pediatric Formulations

Author : Daniel Bar-Shalom
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489980113
Total Pages : 429 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis Pediatric Formulations by : Daniel Bar-Shalom

Download or read book Pediatric Formulations written by Daniel Bar-Shalom and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-30 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until the 1990s, it was generally accepted that medicines were first developed for adults and their use in children was investigated later, if at all. One of the main tasks of hospital pharmacies was the manufacturing of child-appropriate formulations in a more or less makeshift way. The first change came in 1997 with U.S. legislation that rewarded manufacturers to do voluntary pediatric research. Ten years later, the European Union passed legislation that required manufacturers to discuss all pediatric aspects, including formulations, with the regulatory authorities as a condition of starting the registration procedure. In consequence, manufacturers must now cover all age groups, including the youngest ones. So far, pediatric formulations were more a focus for academic researchers. Through the changed regulatory environment, there is now a sudden high commercial demand for age-appropriate formulations. This book begins by highlighting the anatomical, physiological and developmental differences between adults and children of different ages. It goes on to review the existing technologies and attempts to draw a roadmap to better, innovative formulations, in particular for oral administration. The regulatory, clinical, ethical and pharmaceutical framework is also addressed.

Innovative Medicine

Author : Kazuwa Nakao
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 4431556516
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Innovative Medicine by : Kazuwa Nakao

Download or read book Innovative Medicine written by Kazuwa Nakao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-13 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to innovative medicine, comprising the proceedings of the Uehara Memorial Foundation Symposium 2014. It remains extremely rare for the findings of basic research to be developed into clinical applications, and it takes a long time for the process to be achieved. The task of advancing the development of basic research into clinical reality lies with translational science, yet the field seems to struggle to find a way to move forward. To create innovative medical technology, many steps need to be taken: development and analysis of optimal animal models of human diseases, elucidation of genomic and epidemiological data, and establishment of “proof of concept”. There is also considerable demand for progress in drug research, new surgical procedures, and new clinical devices and equipment. While the original research target may be rare diseases, it is also important to apply those findings more broadly to common diseases. The book covers a wide range of topics and is organized into three complementary parts. The first part is basic research for innovative medicine, the second is translational research for innovative medicine, and the third is new technology for innovative medicine. This book helps to understand innovative medicine and to make progress in its realization.

Oxidative Damage to Nucleic Acids

Author : Mark D. Evans
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387729747
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis Oxidative Damage to Nucleic Acids by : Mark D. Evans

Download or read book Oxidative Damage to Nucleic Acids written by Mark D. Evans and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-11 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides up-to-date coverage of selected topics in nucleic acid oxidation. The topics have been selected to cover everything from basic chemical mechanisms, repair of damage and the biological and pathological meaning of DNA oxidation. The chapters are authored by leading, research active, international experts in the respective topics.

Breast Cancer Management for Surgeons

Author : Lynda Wyld
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319566733
Total Pages : 713 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Breast Cancer Management for Surgeons by : Lynda Wyld

Download or read book Breast Cancer Management for Surgeons written by Lynda Wyld and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 713 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art knowledge of breast cancer management for the modern breast surgeon. It covers all aspects of multidisciplinary care including primary breast and axillary surgery, reconstruction and oncoplastic techniques, external beam radiotherapy and newer techniques such as tomotherapy, intraoperative radiotherapy and brachytherapy. In addition, systemic therapies including chemotherapy, the latest biological targeted therapies and endocrine therapies are covered. Readers can find out about other important aspects of breast cancer such as genetics, screening, imaging and long-term health among others. Chapters take the reader through the basics up to the highest levels of knowledge in an easy to understand format with management algorithms to aid clinical care, generous referencing of the best literature and figures and photographs to illustrate each section. Published with the official approval of the European Society of Surgical Oncology (ESSO) and the European Society of Breast Cancer Specialists (EUSOMA), the book is written by a panel of recognised leaders in the field and is an indispensable guide for the practicing breast specialist and senior specialists in training, wishing to update their knowledge with the latest trends or polish off their training before accreditation.

Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury

Author : Daniel Laskowitz
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498766579
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury by : Daniel Laskowitz

Download or read book Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury written by Daniel Laskowitz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-21 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the developme

Biomedical Index to PHS-supported Research

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1398 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Biomedical Index to PHS-supported Research by :

Download or read book Biomedical Index to PHS-supported Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 1398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The DNA Damage Response: Implications on Cancer Formation and Treatment

Author : Kum Kum Khanna
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048125618
Total Pages : 450 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis The DNA Damage Response: Implications on Cancer Formation and Treatment by : Kum Kum Khanna

Download or read book The DNA Damage Response: Implications on Cancer Formation and Treatment written by Kum Kum Khanna and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-18 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ?eld of cellular responses to DNA damage has attained widespread recognition and interest in recent years commensurate with its fundamental role in the ma- tenance of genomic stability. These responses, which are essential to preventing cellular death or malignant transformation, are organized into a sophisticated s- tem designated the “DNA damage response”. This system operates in all living organisms to maintain genomic stability in the face of constant attacks on the DNA from a variety of endogenous by-products of normal metabolism, as well as exogenous agents such as radiation and toxic chemicals in the environment. The response repairs DNA damage via an intricate cellular signal transduction network that coordinates with various processes such as regulation of DNA replication, tr- scriptional responses, and temporary cell cycle arrest to allow the repair to take place. Defects in this system result in severe genetic disorders involving tissue degeneration, sensitivity to speci?c damaging agents, immunode?ciency, genomic instability, cancer predisposition and premature aging. The ?nding that many of the crucial players involved in DNA damage response are structurally and functionally conserved in different species spurred discoveries of new players through similar analyses in yeast and mammals. We now understand the chain of events that leads to instantaneous activation of the massive cellular responses to DNA lesions. This book summarizes several new concepts in this rapidly evolving ?eld, and the advances in our understanding of the complex network of processes that respond to DNA damage.

Current Trends in Cancer Management

Author : Liliana Streba
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1838800050
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (388 download)

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Book Synopsis Current Trends in Cancer Management by : Liliana Streba

Download or read book Current Trends in Cancer Management written by Liliana Streba and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-09-25 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment is constantly advancing. From novel biomarkers to cutting-edge imaging solutions, changing chemotherapy protocols and novel immune-targeting agents, medical teams develop and test new ways to manage this ever-growing threat to the modern age. Imaging has been a reliable method for initial diagnosis and later surveillance of premalignant and cancerous lesions of the digestive tract. This book project aims to characterize the main diagnostic procedures and novel medical and surgical treatments, as well as provide an updated view on current guidelines, premalignant lesions management, and minimally invasive curative techniques.

Molecular Epidemiology

Author : Paul A. Schulte
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0323138578
Total Pages : 609 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Epidemiology by : Paul A. Schulte

Download or read book Molecular Epidemiology written by Paul A. Schulte and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will serve as a primer for both laboratory and field scientists who are shaping the emerging field of molecular epidemiology. Molecular epidemiology utilizes the same paradigm as traditional epidemiology but uses biological markers to identify exposure, disease or susceptibility. Schulte and Perera present the epidemiologic methods pertinent to biological markers. The book is also designed to enumerate the considerations necessary for valid field research and provide a resource on the salient and subtle features of biological indicators.

Ovarian Cancer

Author : Omer Devaja
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789843332
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (898 download)

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Book Synopsis Ovarian Cancer by : Omer Devaja

Download or read book Ovarian Cancer written by Omer Devaja and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ovarian cancer management is a rapidly changing field with new treatment agents available as a result of a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. In addition, both surgical and chemotherapeutic treatment strategies are evolving to maximise response in this disease. This book brings together leading specialists from around the world to discuss and outline a variety of new concepts in ovarian cancer, ranging from molecular biology and genetics through screening to both surgical and chemotherapeutic management.

Biomedical Index to PHS-supported Research: pt. A. Subject access A-H

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1398 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomedical Index to PHS-supported Research: pt. A. Subject access A-H by :

Download or read book Biomedical Index to PHS-supported Research: pt. A. Subject access A-H written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309101964
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-12-07 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past century, we have made great strides in reducing rates of disease and enhancing people's general health. Public health measures such as sanitation, improved hygiene, and vaccines; reduced hazards in the workplace; new drugs and clinical procedures; and, more recently, a growing understanding of the human genome have each played a role in extending the duration and raising the quality of human life. But research conducted over the past few decades shows us that this progress, much of which was based on investigating one causative factor at a time—often, through a single discipline or by a narrow range of practitioners—can only go so far. Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment examines a number of well-described gene-environment interactions, reviews the state of the science in researching such interactions, and recommends priorities not only for research itself but also for its workforce, resource, and infrastructural needs.