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Petra Revealed History Civilization And Monuments Of The City Carved Into The Rock
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Book Synopsis Petra Revealed. History, Civilization and Monuments of the City Carved Into the Rock by : Fabio Bourbon
Download or read book Petra Revealed. History, Civilization and Monuments of the City Carved Into the Rock written by Fabio Bourbon and published by Scripta Maneant Editori. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - An updated text by one of the greatest expert of history of Petra and a rich, comprehensive apparatus of images (photos, plans and maps) that help a reader to know one of the most important, fascinating ancient city of our civilization The ancient city of Petra, in what is now southwest Jordan, has long been a pilgrimage for adventurous travelers. Built over 2,000 years ago, the Rose City (it is famously carved from red sandstone) holds a unique place in the world of archeological wonders. This beautifully photographed book, a revised and expanded edition, is for tourists and armchair travelers alike. With an updated text and over 350 photographs, maps, drawings, and plans, the author discusses every aspect of Petra, illuminating both the history and splendor of this astonishing site.
Book Synopsis How Petra was Built by : Shaher Moh'd Ahmad Rababeh
Download or read book How Petra was Built written by Shaher Moh'd Ahmad Rababeh and published by British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited. This book was released on 2005 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until now, no study has been made of the construction techniques of the Nabataean freestanding buildings and the rock-cut monuments of Petra, Jordan (built from the 1st cent. BC to the 2nd cent. AD). Their technical features were documented by fieldwork,and this evidence was then analysed to determine precisely when and why these features appeared or evolved. This leads to explaining how the Nabataeans developed their architecture, and what types of construction techniques they used to bring Petra's architecture to its peak. The historical and geographical context for the architecture of Petra is presented, with a summary of previous scholarship on the site. The focus moves to the building materials used by the Nabataeans which are found toinfluence the construction techniques they developed. This is followed by a detailed discussion of quarrying and the rock-cut techniques. The procedures for dressing ashlar blocks and the facades of the rock-cut monuments are analysed to determine the tools used by the builders, as well as the lifting devices necessary for construction of the freestanding buildings. The technical aspects of the construction of walls, columns, floors, the anti-seismic and stabilising techniques developed by theNabataeans are considered. Finally, the construction of roofs is examined in detail. The results of the study reveal the sources of the building techniques used at Petra and why they were further developed there.THREE REVIEWS OF HOW PETRA WAS BUILT:J. J. Coulton, Formerly Reader in Classical Archaeology, University of Oxford. "Using his practical experience as an architect as well as extensive and detailed fieldwork, Dr Rababeh has provided an illuminating analysis of Nabataean buildings, showing how they drew on, and modified, previous Levantine and Hellenistic methods to suit local materials and local requirements." Judith McKenzie, author of The Architecture of Petra: "Other books cover the architectural styles of the monuments of Petra. Shaher er-Rababeh's is the first to focus on the subject of how they were built, both the rock-cut tombs and the freestanding buildings. He methodically presents the results of months of first-hand examination of the evidence. Each aspect of building construction is analysed making wide-ranging use of recent scholarship on ancient building techniques. Just as the Nabataeans made their desert environment habitable with complex water-collection systems, they refined local, Egyptian, Greek and Roman construction techniques to suit the city's rose red sandstone and other available building materials. Rababeh shows the Nabataean construction techniques were just as distinctive in their details as the style of their architecture - which they created from classical Alexandrian andNear Eastern elements. He makes interesting discoveries. The stone cut awaywhen the tombs were carved was used to erect the city's freestanding buildings.Rababeh shows how Petra has the earliest extensive examples of timber used tostrengthen stone masonry buildings, as later seen on the Ka'ba at Mekka."Ehud Netzer, author of Nabataeische Architektur: "This comprehensive study of the building systems in the Nabataean world is a pioneering work. It deals with all aspects from wall foundations to roof tiles; simple constructions and monumental ones; freestanding buildings and monuments cut into the rock. Shaher's new book widens our knowledge of the enchanted world of Nabataean architecture."
Download or read book Petra written by Patrick Auerbach and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-10-10 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains information about a rich historical site in Jordan. This ancient site was crafted using the cliffs of sandstone in the south of the country. The word "Petra" is of Greek origin and means "rock", which perfectly suits a city carved into the cliffs of Jordan. The Rediscovered City of Stone: Just a few hours south of the country's capital, Amman, the area was officially founded by the Arab tribe of nomads. This occurred centuries before Christ was born. This tribe was well known for their impeccable engineering, agriculture, trading, and of course, stone-carving skills. Much is still unknown about this ancient culture, but we know for sure that they were incredibly talented artists and engineers. At this city, a people called the Nabataeans created tombs, temples, halls and houses, aqueducts, and prestigious altars. They created a civilization that existed right in the midst of the Near East, an ancient area for trading and commerce since the routes for transporting spice and traveling trails all existed within the city of Petra. In its hay day, Petra housed about 20,000 people, called the Nabataeans. These ancient humans were known for coming up with a way to create a waterway system to fuel their city, perhaps the most impressive fact about this is that it was right in the middle of the desert. The lost city was discovered again in the 1800s, and more information as to how the ancient inhabitants lived are still being unearthed. We are now coming to discover exactly how this impressive city appeared thousands of years back. Scroll to the top of the page and click Add To Cart to read more about this extraordinary chapter of history
Book Synopsis PETRA: The History of Jordan's Rose City by : History Titans
Download or read book PETRA: The History of Jordan's Rose City written by History Titans and published by Creek Ridge Publishing. This book was released on 2021-08-18 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While Petra’s fame might often come second to things like the Egyptian pyramids at Giza, ancient Greece, or the Great Wall of China, you can now see that the Rose City certainly deserves its place under the Sun as one of the most precious jewels of our collective, human heritage. Petra surely has a surplus of beauty and other kinds of visual appeal, but you can now see that this is only half of the picture. Our world is filled to the brim with such wonders, bestowed upon us by countless different cultures from every corner of the planet. Some are older or more renowned than others, but all remnants of civilizations of the past have one thing in common: they tell us invaluable stories. These are stories of lives led by people who seem infinitely distant from our perspective but might have as well lived yesterday as far as the grand scheme of time is concerned. They might have had a different outlook and daily life, but the essence of humanity remains fundamentally unchanged.
Book Synopsis The Architecture of Petra by : Judith McKenzie
Download or read book The Architecture of Petra written by Judith McKenzie and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Petra tombstones in Jordan are famed for their "baroque" architecture carved out of pink sandstone by the Nabataeans. This comprehensive survey, the first volume in the new British Academy Monographs in Archaeology series, dates many of the famous Petra monuments against similar rock-cut tombs at Medain Saleh in Saudi Arabia. Through close examination of the monuments as well as the little known remains of Ptolemaic Alexandria, the Hellenistic city founded by Alexander the Great, Murphy reveals that the earliest baroque architecture was that of Ptolemaic Alexandria. The style was then transmitted to Petra and Pompeii. Lavishly illustrated with over 700 photographs and figures, including a detailed catalog of the monuments, the volume uncovers Petra as a city, rather than merely a necropolis.
Download or read book Petra written by Christian Augé and published by New Horizons S.. This book was released on 2000 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deep in the desert of Jordan lies the hidden city of Petra, one of the greatest marvels of the ancient world. Carved from rose-red rock, Petra’s monuments, dwellings and temples were for centuries the centre of a splendid civilization. Later the city fell into ruin and its location was lost, until the Swiss explorer Johann Burckhardt rediscovered it in 1812. Petra’s mysterious beauty and dramatic story have long captivated the imaginations of historians and art lovers. Recent excavations by the authors Christian Augé and Jean-Marie Dentzer provide new information about this unique city.
Book Synopsis Petra by : Francesca Arianna Ossorio
Download or read book Petra written by Francesca Arianna Ossorio and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nestled in the mountains of Jordan, Petra is the most spectacular ancient city remaining in the modern world. This fascinating volume takes readers on a memorable journey through this wonderland of hundreds of temples, tombs, and elaborate buildings carved out of solid stone. Tracing the origins of Petra to prehistoric times, the text describes its evolution, demise, and eventual rediscovery in 1812. Throughout the book, archival photographs showcase the remarkable architecture and readers are given the opportunity to explore al-Khazueh, "The Treasury," one of the most impressive of Petra’s monuments. Other remarkable sights include the 8,000-seat amphitheater, Petra Church with its beautifully preserved mosaics, and al-Deir or "The Monastery" perched high on a cliff, all vividly depicted in the photography of this handsome volume. With text contributed in part by the distinguished American Center of Oriental Research in Amman, this authoritative resource is essential reading for archaeologically-minded travelers and anyone interested in ancient history.
Book Synopsis Petra by : Alexander Blackie William Kennedy
Download or read book Petra written by Alexander Blackie William Kennedy and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Disciplinary Literacy and Gamified Learning in Middle School Classrooms by : Leslie Haas
Download or read book Disciplinary Literacy and Gamified Learning in Middle School Classrooms written by Leslie Haas and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-16 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook prepares teachers to incorporate gamified learning experiences into middle school classrooms. Its focus provides concrete examples of how to seamlessly integrate literacy across disciplines in a fun, engaging, and unique way for all learners. Furthermore, this book offers practical information related to pedagogy, content, and differentiation for each lesson. Preservice teachers, practicing teachers, instructional coaches, and administrators can benefit from this user-friendly text and its companion digital components, allowing for replication of lessons based on national standards, backed by best-practices, and supported by differentiated pedagogy. This unique book begins with engineering marvels that span across centuries and locations. The ten chapters, in chronological order, are titled: Acropolis, Petra, Colosseum, Chichen Itza, Moai, Red Square, Taj Mahal, Neuschwanstein, Eiffel Tower, and Sydney Opera House. By focusing on specific examples of human ingenuity, opportunities are created to delve into the historical and social aspects of each chapter’s focus. There are also chances to explore the artistic merit and the art created about and around each marvel. Additional teaching moments lie in understanding the science, engineering, technology, and math embedded in all featured marvels. Each chapter offers material lists, resource materials, and visual/graphic images to support understanding. Teaching tips and differentiation strategies are also provided to support novice and career teachers alike.
Download or read book Petra written by Charles River Editors and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-03-31 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *Includes pictures *Includes contemporary descriptions of Petra *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading *Includes a table of contents "Petra, O Leeds, is the most wonderful place in the world, not for the sake of its ruins, which are quite a secondary affair, but for the colour of its rocks, all red and black and gray with streaks of green and blue, in little wriggly lines...and for the shape of its cliffs and crags and pinnacles, and for the wonderful gorge it has, always running deep in spring-water, full of oleanders, and ivy and ferns, and only just wide enough for a camel at a time, and a couple of miles long. But I have read hosts of the most beautifully written accounts of it, and they give one no idea of it at all...so you will never know what Petra is like, unless you come out here... Only be assured that till you have seen it you have not had the glimmering of an idea how beautiful a place can be." - A letter from T.E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia") to his childhood friend E.T. Leeds in February, 1914. When the European armies of the Third Crusade were defeated at the Battle of Hattin in 1187 CE, the region of what is today southern Jordan was overrun by Saladin's armies, and over the following five centuries knowledge of Petra's existence was lost to the people of Europe. The ancient city and center of civilization hidden in the desert became a myth, drawn largely upon Biblical accounts of the people and places in the Holy Land. However, during the Enlightenment of the early 18th century, interesting new theories emerged, and there grew a desire to rediscover the rose-red city. It was within this context that the Swiss-born explorer and orientalist Johann Ludwig Burckhardt became the known as the first European to "discover" Petra. Disguised as an Arab, he convinced a local guide to navigate him through the innumerable dangers of the Wadi Araba desert in pursuit of the rumored tomb of Aaron and a timeless city hidden in the hills. On Saturday, August 22nd, 1812, he ascended the high hills of southern Jordan and was led down a deep ravine, which twisted and turned through until a splendid sight was revealed before him: a secret valley filled with ruins and the dark holes of rock-cut tombs. Although his disguise had brought him that far, it also prevented him from being able to fully study the ruins or make copies of what he saw there. After spending only a day exploring the valley, his guide had grown suspicious, so he was forced to move on across the Sinai Peninsula, eventually arriving at Cairo on September 4th. This expedition marked the beginnings of everything that is known about this ancient and mysterious site. Further expeditions and archaeological investigations over the following two centuries have considerably broadened knowledge about Petra's past, and the ruined Rose City is now an archaeological landscape that has been made famous as a UNESCO World Heritage site, a "new" wonder of the world, and as the repository of the Holy Grail in Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. Yet, despite its fame, many people do not know about the religious beliefs, artistic creativity, technological innovation, commerce, and politics of the numerous peoples that resided there. Petra: The History of the Rose City, One of the New Seven Wonders of the World looks at the history of Petra from prehistoric times to the end of the Crusades, as well as the city's "rediscovery" in the 19th century and how it has entered the world's imagination since then. Along with pictures depicting important people, places, and events, you will learn about Petra like never before.
Download or read book Petra written by Fabio Bourbon and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ruins of Petra, the ancient Nabatean capital in today's Jordan, constitute one of the most extraordinary and fascinating monumental complexes of the ancient world for the outstanding quality of the architecture and for the city's remarkable position, set amidst rugged hills and narrow gorges. From the fantastic Khasneh to the gigantic Deir, from the spectacular Urn Tomb to the mysterious Temple of the Winged Lions, every monument is described in detail and examined in relation to the complex historical and artistic events of the Rose-red City, the evolution of which is analyzed at length in the introductory chapter. Petra is not unique for its architecture alone. Here, Mother Nature has achieved one of her most original creations, defying her very own rules, laid down at the beginning of time - improbable geometry, unbelievable colors, contrasts that would by unthinkable elsewhere. The illustrations in this book pay tribute to this splendor and make it a work of rare emotional impact.
Download or read book PETRA written by History Titans and published by . This book was released on 2019-11-16 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A great history lesson if you have a general interest or plan on visiting Petra Jordan!
Download or read book The Nabataeans written by Dan Gibson and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2004-03 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year thousands of tourists visit the spectacular city of Petra, the ancient capital of the Nabataean Empire. Here massive monuments have been carved out of the ancient Jordanian mountains. Hundreds of magnificent tombs looked down on a city complete with colonnaded streets, coliseums, baths, temples, gardens and pools. Who were the people who carved this city into the red rose, sandstone mountains of Arabia? Why did they hide their city in a cleft in the rock? Why did they come here and why did they leave this spectacular site? Today archeologists and historians are piecing together the answers to these puzzling questions. And as the pieces slowly fall together, a picture is emerging of a fascinating people who traveled from China to Rome, building an empire of incredible wealth and opulence. Discover the fascinating story and mystery that surrounds this ancient people: The Nabataeans. To learn more, visit http: //nabataea.net
Book Synopsis Petra and the Lost Kingdom of the Nabataeans by : Jane Taylor
Download or read book Petra and the Lost Kingdom of the Nabataeans written by Jane Taylor and published by I.B. Tauris. This book was released on 2012-10-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nabataean Arabs, one of the most gifted peoples of the ancient world, are today known only for their hauntingly beautiful rock-carved capital - Petra, a magnificent city carved out of the mountains, and one of the most breath-taking achievements of the ancient world. Yet they were famous in their day - Herod the Great and his sons, and a kaleidoscope of Roman emperors and generals were keenly aware of this powerful and wealthy trading kingdom. The Nabateans became inspired patrons of the arts, creating some of the most sublime and perfectly individual architecture of the time, not only at Petra, but over much of the Middle East. This richly illustrated book recounts the story of a remarkable but lost civilization. It tells of their nomadic origins, the development of their rich culture in Jordan, Syria, Arabia, Sinai and the Negev, their relations with their more famous neighbours and the demise of their kingdom at the hands of the Romans.
Book Synopsis Discoveries: Petra by : Christian Auge
Download or read book Discoveries: Petra written by Christian Auge and published by Harry N. Abrams. This book was released on 2000-05-01 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Petra's mysterious beauty and dramatic story have long captivated the imaginations of historians and art lovers. Recent excavations by the archaeologists Jean-Marie Dentzer and Christian Auge provide new information about this city, unique in history."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book Petra written by Color Smart and published by . This book was released on 2017-07-15 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Petra (Arabic: البتراء, Al-Batrāʾ; Ancient Greek: Πέτρα), originally known to the Nabataeans as Raqmu, is a historical and archaeological city in southern Jordan. The city is famous for its rock-cut architecture and water conduit system. Another name for Petra is the Rose City due to the color of the stone out of which it is carved. Petra is one of the New7Wonders of the World.Established possibly as early as 312 BC as the capital city of the Arab Nabataeans, it is a symbol of Jordan, as well as Jordan's most-visited tourist attraction. The Nabataeans were nomadic Arabs who took advantage of Petra's proximity to regional trade routes to establish it as a major trading hub. The Nabataeans are also known for their great ability in constructing efficient water-collecting methods in the barren deserts and their talent in carving structures into solid rocks. Petra lies on the slope of Jebel al-Madhbah (identified by some as the biblical Mount Hor) in a basin among the mountains which form the eastern flank of Arabah (Wadi Araba), the large valley running from the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985.The site remained unknown to the Western world until 1812, when it was introduced by Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt. It was described as "a rose-red city half as old as time" in a Newdigate Prize-winning poem by John William Burgon. UNESCO has described it as "one of the most precious cultural properties of man's cultural heritage". Petra was named amongst the New7Wonders of the World in 2007 and was also chosen by the Smithsonian Magazine as one of the "28 Places to See Before You Die"
Book Synopsis The Petra Pool-complex by : Leigh-Ann Bedal
Download or read book The Petra Pool-complex written by Leigh-Ann Bedal and published by Gorgias PressLlc. This book was released on 2004 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During a two-month field season in the summer of 1998, a survey and excavation was conducted in the Lower Market, a large unbuilt area at the heart of the ancient city of Petra (Jordan). The primary goal of the Petra Lower Market Survey was to investigate the area of the site traditionally designated as the Lower Market, in order to determine its function, historical development, and relationship to the other monuments in the city's civic center. Excavations focused mainly on the southern half of the Lower Market, where substantial architectural features were visible on the surface. The excavations revealed the remains of a monumental pool-complex, with an island-pavilion and an elaborate hydraulic system irrigating a large earthen terrace. The identification of a pool-complex at Petra prompts a re-examination of the long-held interpretation of the city. It is argued here that in its first phase (end of the 1st c. BCE), the Pool-Complex functioned as a royal paradeisos, part of a large palace complex that included the Great Temple. Around the time of Roman annexation in 106 CE, Petra was transformed from a ceremonial center into a civic center. The Great Temple was converted into a theatron (bouleuterion) and the Pool-Complex now functioned as a fashionable public park. The Petra Pool-Complex played an important role in the socio-political life of Petra during the Nabataean and Roman periods. The mere presence of a paradeidos in Petra symbolized the Nabataean king's power and helped to legitimize his place among contemporary rulers who utilized architectural programs, gardens, and water display as political metaphor. The paradeisos is an example of a gratuitous display of conspicuous consumption, a symbol of the flourishing status of Petra during its Classical era.
