Personal Knowledge Graphs (Pkgs)

Download Personal Knowledge Graphs (Pkgs) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IET
ISBN 13 : 1839537019
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (395 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Personal Knowledge Graphs (Pkgs) by : Sanju Tiwari

Download or read book Personal Knowledge Graphs (Pkgs) written by Sanju Tiwari and published by IET. This book was released on 2023-10 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Personal knowledge graphs (PKGs) support the development of innovative digitalized personalized applications, which keep users updated, help them manage their day-to-day activities and facilitate informed decisions. This book systematically explores the global advanced research around PKGs from methodologies to tools and applications.

Knowledge Graphs

Download Knowledge Graphs PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030374394
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Knowledge Graphs by : Dieter Fensel

Download or read book Knowledge Graphs written by Dieter Fensel and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-31 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes methods and tools that empower information providers to build and maintain knowledge graphs, including those for manual, semi-automatic, and automatic construction; implementation; and validation and verification of semantic annotations and their integration into knowledge graphs. It also presents lifecycle-based approaches for semi-automatic and automatic curation of these graphs, such as approaches for assessment, error correction, and enrichment of knowledge graphs with other static and dynamic resources. Chapter 1 defines knowledge graphs, focusing on the impact of various approaches rather than mathematical precision. Chapter 2 details how knowledge graphs are built, implemented, maintained, and deployed. Chapter 3 then introduces relevant application layers that can be built on top of such knowledge graphs, and explains how inference can be used to define views on such graphs, making it a useful resource for open and service-oriented dialog systems. Chapter 4 discusses applications of knowledge graph technologies for e-tourism and use cases for other verticals. Lastly, Chapter 5 provides a summary and sketches directions for future work. The additional appendix introduces an abstract syntax and semantics for domain specifications that are used to adapt schema.org to specific domains and tasks. To illustrate the practical use of the approaches presented, the book discusses several pilots with a focus on conversational interfaces, describing how to exploit knowledge graphs for e-marketing and e-commerce. It is intended for advanced professionals and researchers requiring a brief introduction to knowledge graphs and their implementation.

Knowledge Graphs and Semantic Web

Download Knowledge Graphs and Semantic Web PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030913058
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (39 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Knowledge Graphs and Semantic Web by : Boris Villazón-Terrazas

Download or read book Knowledge Graphs and Semantic Web written by Boris Villazón-Terrazas and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-23 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the Third Iberoamerican Conference, KGSWC 2021, held in Kingsville, Texas, USA, in November 2021.* The 22 full and 2 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 85 submissions. The papers cover topics related to software and its engineering, information systems, software creation and management, World Wide Web, web data description languages, and others. *Due to the Covid-19 pandemic the conference was held virtually.

Knowledge Graphs and Big Data Processing

Download Knowledge Graphs and Big Data Processing PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030531996
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Knowledge Graphs and Big Data Processing by : Valentina Janev

Download or read book Knowledge Graphs and Big Data Processing written by Valentina Janev and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-15 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book is part of the LAMBDA Project (Learning, Applying, Multiplying Big Data Analytics), funded by the European Union, GA No. 809965. Data Analytics involves applying algorithmic processes to derive insights. Nowadays it is used in many industries to allow organizations and companies to make better decisions as well as to verify or disprove existing theories or models. The term data analytics is often used interchangeably with intelligence, statistics, reasoning, data mining, knowledge discovery, and others. The goal of this book is to introduce some of the definitions, methods, tools, frameworks, and solutions for big data processing, starting from the process of information extraction and knowledge representation, via knowledge processing and analytics to visualization, sense-making, and practical applications. Each chapter in this book addresses some pertinent aspect of the data processing chain, with a specific focus on understanding Enterprise Knowledge Graphs, Semantic Big Data Architectures, and Smart Data Analytics solutions. This book is addressed to graduate students from technical disciplines, to professional audiences following continuous education short courses, and to researchers from diverse areas following self-study courses. Basic skills in computer science, mathematics, and statistics are required.

HHAI 2023: Augmenting Human Intellect

Download HHAI 2023: Augmenting Human Intellect PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 1643683950
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (436 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis HHAI 2023: Augmenting Human Intellect by : P. Lukowicz

Download or read book HHAI 2023: Augmenting Human Intellect written by P. Lukowicz and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2023-07-07 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artificial intelligence (AI) has been much in the news recently, with some commentators expressing concern that AI might eventually replace humans. But many developments in AI are designed to enhance and supplement the performance of humans rather than replace them, and a novel field of study, with new approaches and solutions to the development of AI, has arisen to focus on this aspect of the technology. This book presents the proceedings of HHAI2023, the 2nd International Conference on Hybrid Human-Artificial Intelligence, held from 26-30 June 2023, in Munich, Germany. The HHAI international conference series is focused on the study of artificially intelligent systems that cooperate synergistically, proactively, responsibly and purposefully with humans, amplifying rather than replacing human intelligence, and invites contributions from various fields, including AI, human-computer interaction, the cognitive and social sciences, computer science, philosophy, among others. A total of 78 submissions were received for the main conference track, and most papers were reviewed by at least three reviewers. The overall final acceptance rate was 43%, with 14 contributions accepted as full papers, 14 as working papers, and 6 as extended abstracts. The papers presented here cover topics including interactive hybrid agents; hybrid intelligence for decision support; hybrid intelligence for health; and values such as fairness and trust in hybrid intelligence. We further accepted 17 posters and 4 demos as well as 8 students to the first HHAI doctoral consortium this year. The authors of 4 working papers and 2 doctoral consortium submissions opted for not publishing their submissions to allow a later full submission, resulting in a total of 57 papers included in this proceedings Addressing all aspects of AI systems that assist humans and emphasizing the need for adaptive, collaborative, responsible, interactive, and human-centered artificial intelligence systems which can leverage human strengths and compensate for human weaknesses while considering social, ethical, and legal considerations, the book will be of interest to all those working in the field.

Essential Balances

Download Essential Balances PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Kvistgaard
ISBN 13 : 9781838338619
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (386 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Essential Balances by : Ivo Velitchkov

Download or read book Essential Balances written by Ivo Velitchkov and published by Kvistgaard. This book was released on 2020-11-27 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What should you do if someone throws melons at you? How does your immune system keep you alive when attacked by a brand new invader? Why might arriving late to a jazz festival be a good thing? What happens when a carrot turns into a rabbit? If you are a manager or leader in an organization - company, public service, or NGO - or you are simply interested in how to make your organization work better, then this book is for you. If you have the feeling that you are skating over the surface of what is really going on in your organization, if you know that there is something more vital that you are missing out on, if you're frustrated by applying the same management fads over and over, just with different labels on, then perhaps you are open to looking deeper into what makes organizations function, fail, and flourish. This book will walk you through these questions and more. But instead of giving you answers and prescriptions, Essential Balances guides you through a whole new way of seeing, thinking, and being. You will see how to turn this into new habits, discover fundamental principles, and be able to see and influence the three Essential Balances: Autonomy and CohesionStability and DiversityExploration and ExploitationAutonomy and Cohesion - Can you have freedom but keep everything working together at the same time? The rabbit is independent, not stuck to the ground, but what are the limits to its freedom? And now free, is it better off than the carrot it once was? Stability and Diversity - Is difference and divergence at odds with a stable organization? How would you know? What can we learn from our immune systems about dealing with uncertainty? Exploration and Exploitation - Should you go out and find new clients, new markets, or new opportunities or would it be better to wring the most out of where you are, what you have, and what you currently do? If you arrive late for a jazz festival and run into the first hall you come to, might you discover a new act that you love, but never would have picked from the programme? These balances apply at all levels: personal, organizational, and societal. The habits to monitor, maintain and adjust them start with noticing that they pervade everything we do. Then we must learn not just to balance ourselves and our organizations, but also to balance the use of the balances. When we explore this and embrace the paradoxes of organizations and discover that it is those very paradoxes that make organizations vital and alive, we start to realise that it is dynamic balance - constant adjusting, noticing, shifting.So if you want to cast off the weight of management fads and fashions and glimpse wisdom that will change the way you notice the essence of everything, then get Essential Balances today. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Ivo Velitchkov is a management consultant and enterprise architect. For the last 25 years, he has worked with big public and private organizations helping them with their strategy, structures and information. He has worked as a project manager, CEO, coach, consultant, researcher, and trainer. In all these roles he kept searching for the deeper principles that support organisms, organizations and society to live, survive, and thrive. Ivo has a PhD in Computer Science. He lives in Belgium with his wife and two children. He enjoys jazz concerts, playing tennis, sailing, and grooving the bass in a dad-rock cover band.Check out Ivo's blog https: //www.strategicstructures.com and follow him on Twitter: https: //twitter.com/kvistgaa

Emerging Research in Intelligent Systems

Download Emerging Research in Intelligent Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031522559
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (315 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Emerging Research in Intelligent Systems by : Gonzalo Fernando Olmedo Cifuentes

Download or read book Emerging Research in Intelligent Systems written by Gonzalo Fernando Olmedo Cifuentes and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Semantic Systems. The Power of AI and Knowledge Graphs

Download Semantic Systems. The Power of AI and Knowledge Graphs PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030332209
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Semantic Systems. The Power of AI and Knowledge Graphs by : Maribel Acosta

Download or read book Semantic Systems. The Power of AI and Knowledge Graphs written by Maribel Acosta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-04 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Semantic Systems, SEMANTiCS 2019, held in Karlsruhe, Germany, in September 2019. The 20 full papers and 8 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 88 submissions. They cover topics such as: web semantics and linked (open) data; machine learning and deep learning techniques; semantic information management and knowledge integration; terminology, thesaurus and ontology management; data mining and knowledge discovery; semantics in blockchain and distributed ledger technologies.

Metadata and Semantic Research

Download Metadata and Semantic Research PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031659902
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (316 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Metadata and Semantic Research by : Emmanouel Garoufallou

Download or read book Metadata and Semantic Research written by Emmanouel Garoufallou and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Exploiting Linked Data and Knowledge Graphs in Large Organisations

Download Exploiting Linked Data and Knowledge Graphs in Large Organisations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319456547
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Exploiting Linked Data and Knowledge Graphs in Large Organisations by : Jeff Z. Pan

Download or read book Exploiting Linked Data and Knowledge Graphs in Large Organisations written by Jeff Z. Pan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-24 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the topic of exploiting enterprise-linked data with a particular focus on knowledge construction and accessibility within enterprises. It identifies the gaps between the requirements of enterprise knowledge consumption and “standard” data consuming technologies by analysing real-world use cases, and proposes the enterprise knowledge graph to fill such gaps. It provides concrete guidelines for effectively deploying linked-data graphs within and across business organizations. It is divided into three parts, focusing on the key technologies for constructing, understanding and employing knowledge graphs. Part 1 introduces basic background information and technologies, and presents a simple architecture to elucidate the main phases and tasks required during the lifecycle of knowledge graphs. Part 2 focuses on technical aspects; it starts with state-of-the art knowledge-graph construction approaches, and then discusses exploration and exploitation techniques as well as advanced question-answering topics concerning knowledge graphs. Lastly, Part 3 demonstrates examples of successful knowledge graph applications in the media industry, healthcare and cultural heritage, and offers conclusions and future visions.

Domain-Specific Knowledge Graph Construction

Download Domain-Specific Knowledge Graph Construction PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030123758
Total Pages : 107 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Domain-Specific Knowledge Graph Construction by : Mayank Kejriwal

Download or read book Domain-Specific Knowledge Graph Construction written by Mayank Kejriwal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-04 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vast amounts of ontologically unstructured information on the Web, including HTML, XML and JSON documents, natural language documents, tweets, blogs, markups, and even structured documents like CSV tables, all contain useful knowledge that can present a tremendous advantage to the Artificial Intelligence community if extracted robustly, efficiently and semi-automatically as knowledge graphs. Domain-specific Knowledge Graph Construction (KGC) is an active research area that has recently witnessed impressive advances due to machine learning techniques like deep neural networks and word embeddings. This book will synthesize Knowledge Graph Construction over Web Data in an engaging and accessible manner. The book will describe a timely topic for both early -and mid-career researchers. Every year, more papers continue to be published on knowledge graph construction, especially for difficult Web domains. This work would serve as a useful reference, as well as an accessible but rigorous overview of this body of work. The book will present interdisciplinary connections when possible to engage researchers looking for new ideas or synergies. This will allow the book to be marketed in multiple venues and conferences. The book will also appeal to practitioners in industry and data scientists since it will have chapters on both data collection, as well as a chapter on querying and off-the-shelf implementations. The author has, and continues to, present on this topic at large and important conferences. He plans to make the powerpoint he presents available as a supplement to the work. This will draw a natural audience for the book. Some of the reviewers are unsure about his position in the community but that seems to be more a function of his age rather than his relative expertise. I agree with some of the reviewers that the title is a little complicated. I would recommend “Domain Specific Knowledge Graphs”.

Entity-Oriented Search

Download Entity-Oriented Search PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319939351
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Entity-Oriented Search by : Krisztian Balog

Download or read book Entity-Oriented Search written by Krisztian Balog and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-02 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book covers all facets of entity-oriented search—where “search” can be interpreted in the broadest sense of information access—from a unified point of view, and provides a coherent and comprehensive overview of the state of the art. It represents the first synthesis of research in this broad and rapidly developing area. Selected topics are discussed in-depth, the goal being to establish fundamental techniques and methods as a basis for future research and development. Additional topics are treated at a survey level only, containing numerous pointers to the relevant literature. A roadmap for future research, based on open issues and challenges identified along the way, rounds out the book. The book is divided into three main parts, sandwiched between introductory and concluding chapters. The first two chapters introduce readers to the basic concepts, provide an overview of entity-oriented search tasks, and present the various types and sources of data that will be used throughout the book. Part I deals with the core task of entity ranking: given a textual query, possibly enriched with additional elements or structural hints, return a ranked list of entities. This core task is examined in a number of different variants, using both structured and unstructured data collections, and numerous query formulations. In turn, Part II is devoted to the role of entities in bridging unstructured and structured data. Part III explores how entities can enable search engines to understand the concepts, meaning, and intent behind the query that the user enters into the search box, and how they can provide rich and focused responses (as opposed to merely a list of documents)—a process known as semantic search. The final chapter concludes the book by discussing the limitations of current approaches, and suggesting directions for future research. Researchers and graduate students are the primary target audience of this book. A general background in information retrieval is sufficient to follow the material, including an understanding of basic probability and statistics concepts as well as a basic knowledge of machine learning concepts and supervised learning algorithms.

Graph-based Knowledge Representation

Download Graph-based Knowledge Representation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1848002866
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (48 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Graph-based Knowledge Representation by : Michel Chein

Download or read book Graph-based Knowledge Representation written by Michel Chein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-20 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a de?nition and study of a knowledge representation and r- soning formalism stemming from conceptual graphs, while focusing on the com- tational properties of this formalism. Knowledge can be symbolically represented in many ways. The knowledge representation and reasoning formalism presented here is a graph formalism – knowledge is represented by labeled graphs, in the graph theory sense, and r- soning mechanisms are based on graph operations, with graph homomorphism at the core. This formalism can thus be considered as related to semantic networks. Since their conception, semantic networks have faded out several times, but have always returned to the limelight. They faded mainly due to a lack of formal semantics and the limited reasoning tools proposed. They have, however, always rebounded - cause labeled graphs, schemas and drawings provide an intuitive and easily und- standable support to represent knowledge. This formalism has the visual qualities of any graphic model, and it is logically founded. This is a key feature because logics has been the foundation for knowledge representation and reasoning for millennia. The authors also focus substantially on computational facets of the presented formalism as they are interested in knowledge representation and reasoning formalisms upon which knowledge-based systems can be built to solve real problems. Since object structures are graphs, naturally graph homomorphism is the key underlying notion and, from a computational viewpoint, this moors calculus to combinatorics and to computer science domains in which the algorithmicqualitiesofgraphshavelongbeenstudied,asindatabasesandconstraint networks.

Web and Big Data

Download Web and Big Data PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819772354
Total Pages : 516 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (197 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Web and Big Data by : Wenjie Zhang

Download or read book Web and Big Data written by Wenjie Zhang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Practical Graph Mining with R

Download Practical Graph Mining with R PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439860858
Total Pages : 495 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Practical Graph Mining with R by : Nagiza F. Samatova

Download or read book Practical Graph Mining with R written by Nagiza F. Samatova and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-07-15 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover Novel and Insightful Knowledge from Data Represented as a GraphPractical Graph Mining with R presents a "do-it-yourself" approach to extracting interesting patterns from graph data. It covers many basic and advanced techniques for the identification of anomalous or frequently recurring patterns in a graph, the discovery of groups or cluste

MDATA: A New Knowledge Representation Model

Download MDATA: A New Knowledge Representation Model PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030715906
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis MDATA: A New Knowledge Representation Model by : Yan Jia

Download or read book MDATA: A New Knowledge Representation Model written by Yan Jia and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-06 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge representation is an important task in understanding how humans think and learn. Although many representation models or cognitive models have been proposed, such as expert systems or knowledge graphs, they cannot represent procedural knowledge, i.e., dynamic knowledge, in an efficient way. This book introduces a new knowledge representation model called MDATA (Multi-dimensional Data Association and inTelligent Analysis). By modifying the representation of entities and relations in knowledge graphs, dynamic knowledge can be efficiently described with temporal and spatial characteristics. The MDATA model can be regarded as a high-level temporal and spatial knowledge graph model, which has strong capabilities for knowledge representation. This book introduces some key technologies in the MDATA model, such as entity recognition, relation extraction, entity alignment, and knowledge reasoning with spatiotemporal factors. The MDATA model can be applied in many critical applications and this book introduces some typical examples, such as network attack detection, social network analysis, and epidemic assessment. The MDATA model should be of interest to readers from many research fields, such as database, cyberspace security, and social network, as the need for the knowledge representation arises naturally in many practical scenarios.

A Knowledge Representation Practionary

Download A Knowledge Representation Practionary PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319980920
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Knowledge Representation Practionary by : Michael K. Bergman

Download or read book A Knowledge Representation Practionary written by Michael K. Bergman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-12 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This major work on knowledge representation is based on the writings of Charles S. Peirce, a logician, scientist, and philosopher of the first rank at the beginning of the 20th century. This book follows Peirce's practical guidelines and universal categories in a structured approach to knowledge representation that captures differences in events, entities, relations, attributes, types, and concepts. Besides the ability to capture meaning and context, the Peircean approach is also well-suited to machine learning and knowledge-based artificial intelligence. Peirce is a founder of pragmatism, the uniquely American philosophy. Knowledge representation is shorthand for how to represent human symbolic information and knowledge to computers to solve complex questions. KR applications range from semantic technologies and knowledge management and machine learning to information integration, data interoperability, and natural language understanding. Knowledge representation is an essential foundation for knowledge-based AI. This book is structured into five parts. The first and last parts are bookends that first set the context and background and conclude with practical applications. The three main parts that are the meat of the approach first address the terminologies and grammar of knowledge representation, then building blocks for KR systems, and then design, build, test, and best practices in putting a system together. Throughout, the book refers to and leverages the open source KBpedia knowledge graph and its public knowledge bases, including Wikipedia and Wikidata. KBpedia is a ready baseline for users to bridge from and expand for their own domain needs and applications. It is built from the ground up to reflect Peircean principles. This book is one of timeless, practical guidelines for how to think about KR and to design knowledge management (KM) systems. The book is grounded bedrock for enterprise information and knowledge managers who are contemplating a new knowledge initiative. This book is an essential addition to theory and practice for KR and semantic technology and AI researchers and practitioners, who will benefit from Peirce's profound understanding of meaning and context.