Periodic Variations Of The Underwater Ambient Noise Level Of Biological Origin Off Southern California

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Periodic Variations of the Underwater Ambient Noise Level of Biological Origin Off Southern California

Author : G. A. Clapp
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)

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Book Synopsis Periodic Variations of the Underwater Ambient Noise Level of Biological Origin Off Southern California by : G. A. Clapp

Download or read book Periodic Variations of the Underwater Ambient Noise Level of Biological Origin Off Southern California written by G. A. Clapp and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two distinct periodic variations of the underwater noise level have been observed in the coastal waters off San Diego. The first, called the 'sunset chorus, ' appeared diurnally before sunset, and faded away within 3 hours. This variation was observed in the 100- to 1000-cycles per second (cps) band and raised the sound-pressure level 5 to 20 decibels (dB) above the normal background. During the winter months, the variation had a shorter period and was less intense than in summer. The effect was sometimes observed at dawn, although with reduced duration and amplitude. Two members of the croaker family, spotfin, Roncador stearnsi, and yellow-fin, Umbrina roncador, are believed to be responsible for the sunset chorus, as Johnson concluded. The second periodic variation is called the cycling sound. It is observed only at night in the late spring and summer months. Its amplitude is commonly from 3 to 6 dB, but maximums of 16 dB have been noted. It is observed above the background in the 300- to 800-cps band with peak amplitude occurring at about 450 cps. (Author).

Ambient Noise in the Sea

Author : Robert J. Urick
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Ambient Noise in the Sea by : Robert J. Urick

Download or read book Ambient Noise in the Sea written by Robert J. Urick and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Ambient Noise in the Sea

Author : Robert J. Urick
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Ambient Noise in the Sea by : Robert J. Urick

Download or read book Ambient Noise in the Sea written by Robert J. Urick and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ambient noise may be loosely said to be unwanted sound emanating from the sea itself. Its constituents typically come from a variety of somewhat diffusely combined sources: pressure changes and hydrostatic effects of tides and waves, oceanic turbulence, seismic disturbances, distant ship traffic, wind, rainfall, collapse of bubbles created by wave action, thermal agitation, marine animals and biological activity, breaking ice, and man-made noise such as distant oil rigs. Depending on locations in the ocean space, the times of day, season and year, and the happenstance of events and nature, the aforecited sources may or may not be contribute to the totality of ambient noise at any given time and place; and it may or may not exist as broad or narrow bands of energy in different regions of the frequency spectrum. More exactly defined, ambient noise is that part of the total noise background observed by an omnidirectional hydrophone in the sea which is: (1) not due to the hydrophone system's self-noise such as the noise of current flow around the measurement hydrophone and all forms of electrical noise; ambient noise is independent of the means used to observe it; and (2) not due to other identifiable localized sources of noise. Ambient noise is what is "left over" after all identifiable noise sources are accounted for. Ambient noise is an especially important consideration in detecting and identifying targets - be the targets submarines, underwater vehicles, floating mines, or fish-- in relatively quiet ocean environments and situations. In the case of active sonar, ambient noise typically becomes the dominant background against which the sonar receiver is trying to detect, and possibly identify, targets in the ocean space (not addressing search of the ocean floor) when it is greater than self noise and after the relatively loud reverberation noise created by the active sonar pings has died down in the sonar cycle. In the case of passive sonar, after taking into account self noise and possible extraneous noise from identifiable sources, ambient noise is the background against which the sonar receiver seeks to detect and identify targets. This book, AMBIENT NOISE IN THE SEA by Robert Urick, summarizes the main features of the ambient noise and gives the reader an easy to read, understandable entry in to its unclassified literature. This book is a must for engineers in the fields of active and passive sonars, underwater sensor and weapons systems, and underwater signal processing.

Inverting for Geoacoustic Seabed Parameters Using Ambient Noise

Author : Nicholas Michael Carbone
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 538 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Inverting for Geoacoustic Seabed Parameters Using Ambient Noise by : Nicholas Michael Carbone

Download or read book Inverting for Geoacoustic Seabed Parameters Using Ambient Noise written by Nicholas Michael Carbone and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Marine Biological Sound, West of San Clemente Island

Author : P. O. Thompson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Marine Biological Sound, West of San Clemente Island by : P. O. Thompson

Download or read book Marine Biological Sound, West of San Clemente Island written by P. O. Thompson and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A survey was made of the biological sound present in a set of tape recordings obtained from a hydrophone at 60 fathoms and another at 450 fathoms, over an 8-day period. A variety of types of biological sound were distinguished and analyzed. They were shown to have significant influence on the ambient noise level. (Author).

Ambient Noise in the Sea

Author : Robert J. Urick
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Ambient Noise in the Sea by : Robert J. Urick

Download or read book Ambient Noise in the Sea written by Robert J. Urick and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life

Author : Arthur Popper
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441973109
Total Pages : 636 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life by : Arthur Popper

Download or read book The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life written by Arthur Popper and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-19 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Second International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life will take place in Ireland August 15-20, 2010. The main emphasis of the conference will be on defining the current state of knowledge. However, we will also assess progress in the three years since the First conference. The Second conference will place strong emphasis on recent research results, the sharing of ideas, discussion of experimental approaches, and analysis of regulatory issues.

Government Reports Announcements & Index

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 920 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1992-12 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Government Reports Annual Index

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1076 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Government Reports Annual Index by :

Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 1076 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sections 1-2. Keyword Index.--Section 3. Personal author index.--Section 4. Corporate author index.-- Section 5. Contract/grant number index, NTIS order/report number index 1-E.--Section 6. NTIS order/report number index F-Z.

Ambient Underwater Sound

Author : Craig A. Radford
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (224 download)

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Book Synopsis Ambient Underwater Sound by : Craig A. Radford

Download or read book Ambient Underwater Sound written by Craig A. Radford and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309085366
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (853 download)

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Book Synopsis Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals by : National Research Council

Download or read book Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-06-22 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the 119 species of marine mammals, as well as for some other aquatic animals, sound is the primary means of learning about the environment and of communicating, navigating, and foraging. The possibility that human-generated noise could harm marine mammals or significantly interfere with their normal activities is an issue of increasing concern. Noise and its potential impacts have been regulated since the passage of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. Public awareness of the issue escalated in 1990s when researchers began using high-intensity sound to measure ocean climate changes. More recently, the stranding of beaked whales in proximity to Navy sonar use has again put the issue in the spotlight. Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals reviews sources of noise in the ocean environment, what is known of the responses of marine mammals to acoustic disturbance, and what models exist for describing ocean noise and marine mammal responses. Recommendations are made for future data gathering efforts, studies of marine mammal behavior and physiology, and modeling efforts necessary to determine what the long- and short-term impacts of ocean noise on marine mammals.

Seismic and Biological Sources of Ambient Ocean Sound

Author : Simon Eric Freeman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781303662348
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Seismic and Biological Sources of Ambient Ocean Sound by : Simon Eric Freeman

Download or read book Seismic and Biological Sources of Ambient Ocean Sound written by Simon Eric Freeman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sound is the most efficient radiation in the ocean. Sounds of seismic and biological origin contain information regarding the underlying processes that created them. A single hydrophone records summary time-frequency information from the volume within acoustic range. Beamforming using a hydrophone array additionally produces azimuthal estimates of sound sources. A two-dimensional array and acoustic focusing produce an unambiguous two-dimensional `image' of sources. This dissertation describes the application of these techniques in three cases. The first utilizes hydrophone arrays to investigate T-phases (water-borne seismic waves) in the Philippine Sea. Ninety T-phases were recorded over a 12-day period, implying a greater number of seismic events occur than are detected by terrestrial seismic monitoring in the region. Observation of an azimuthally migrating T-phase suggests that reverberation of such sounds from bathymetric features can occur over megameter scales. In the second case, single hydrophone recordings from coral reefs in the Line Islands archipelago reveal that local ambient reef sound is spectrally similar to sounds produced by small, hard-shelled benthic invertebrates in captivity. Time-lapse photography of the reef reveals an increase in benthic invertebrate activity at sundown, consistent with an increase in sound level. The dominant acoustic phenomenon on these reefs may thus originate from the interaction between a large number of small invertebrates and the substrate. Such sounds could be used to take census of hard-shelled benthic invertebrates that are otherwise extremely difficult to survey. A two-dimensional 'map' of sound production over a coral reef in the Hawaiian Islands was obtained using two-dimensional hydrophone array in the third case. Heterogeneously distributed bio-acoustic sources were generally co-located with rocky reef areas. Acoustically dominant snapping shrimp were largely restricted to one location within the area surveyed. This distribution of sources could reveal small-scale spatial ecological limitations, such as the availability of food and shelter. While array-based passive acoustic sensing is well established in seismoacoustics, the technique is little utilized in the study of ambient biological sound. With the continuance of Moore's law and advances in battery and memory technology, inferring biological processes from ambient sound may become a more accessible tool in underwater ecological evaluation and monitoring.

Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1040 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1040 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.

Springer Handbook of Acoustics

Author : Thomas Rossing
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387304460
Total Pages : 1179 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Springer Handbook of Acoustics by : Thomas Rossing

Download or read book Springer Handbook of Acoustics written by Thomas Rossing and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-21 with total page 1179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an unparalleled modern handbook reflecting the richly interdisciplinary nature of acoustics edited by an acknowledged master in the field. The handbook reviews the most important areas of the subject, with emphasis on current research. The authors of the various chapters are all experts in their fields. Each chapter is richly illustrated with figures and tables. The latest research and applications are incorporated throughout, including computer recognition and synthesis of speech, physiological acoustics, diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications and acoustical oceanography. An accompanying CD-ROM contains audio and video files.

Ecosystems of California

Author : Harold Mooney
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520278801
Total Pages : 1008 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecosystems of California by : Harold Mooney

Download or read book Ecosystems of California written by Harold Mooney and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2016-01-19 with total page 1008 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This long-anticipated reference and sourcebook for CaliforniaÕs remarkable ecological abundance provides an integrated assessment of each major ecosystem typeÑits distribution, structure, function, and management. A comprehensive synthesis of our knowledge about this biologically diverse state, Ecosystems of California covers the state from oceans to mountaintops using multiple lenses: past and present, flora and fauna, aquatic and terrestrial, natural and managed. Each chapter evaluates natural processes for a specific ecosystem, describes drivers of change, and discusses how that ecosystem may be altered in the future. This book also explores the drivers of CaliforniaÕs ecological patterns and the history of the stateÕs various ecosystems, outlining how the challenges of climate change and invasive species and opportunities for regulation and stewardship could potentially affect the stateÕs ecosystems. The text explicitly incorporates both human impacts and conservation and restoration efforts and shows how ecosystems support human well-being. Edited by two esteemed ecosystem ecologists and with overviews by leading experts on each ecosystem, this definitive work will be indispensable for natural resource management and conservation professionals as well as for undergraduate or graduate students of CaliforniaÕs environment and curious naturalists.

The Ecology of Marine Fishes

Author : Dr. Larry G. Allen
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520932471
Total Pages : 1353 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ecology of Marine Fishes by : Dr. Larry G. Allen

Download or read book The Ecology of Marine Fishes written by Dr. Larry G. Allen and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2006-02-15 with total page 1353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine fishes have been intensively studied, and some of the fundamental ideas in the science of marine ecology have emerged from the body of knowledge derived from this diverse group of organisms. This unique, authoritative, and accessible reference, compiled by 35 luminary ecologists, evolutionary biologists, and ichthyologists, provides a synthesis and interpretation of the large, often daunting, body of information on the ecology of marine fishes. The focus is on the fauna of the eastern Pacific, especially the fishes of the California coast, a group among the most diverse and best studied of all marine ecosystems. A generously illustrated and comprehensive source of information, this volume will also be an important launching pad for future research and will shed new light on the study of marine fish ecology worldwide. The contributors touch on many fields in biology, including physiology, development, genetics, behavior, ecology, and evolution. The book includes sections on the history of research, both published and unpublished data, sections on collecting techniques, and references to important earlier studies.

Ecology of the Southern California Bight

Author : Murray D. Dailey
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 9780520075788
Total Pages : 952 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecology of the Southern California Bight by : Murray D. Dailey

Download or read book Ecology of the Southern California Bight written by Murray D. Dailey and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 952 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is a benchmark study of one significant stretch of the Pacific Ocean, the Southern California Bight. Extending from Point Conception to the Mexican border and out to the 200-mile limit, these waters have never before been investigated in such detail, from so many points of view, by such an eminent group of scientists. The twenty-five expert contributors summarize everything known about the physical, chemical, geological, and biological characteristics of the area in individual chapters; the volume concludes with a synthesis of the information presented. In addition, chapters are devoted to the influence of humans on the marine environment and to the various laws and governmental agencies concerned with protecting it. Because Southern California is so heavily populated and because the ocean is a major recreational area for its people, the information in this unique volume will be invaluable for the region's planners and decisionmakers as well as for all those who study the globe's marine resources and ecology.