Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles

Download Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309216389
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles by : National Research Council

Download or read book Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-03 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various combinations of commercially available technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars, sport-utility vehicles, minivans, and other light-duty vehicles without compromising vehicle performance or safety. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy estimates the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition diesel, and hybrid. According to its estimates, adopting the full combination of improved technologies in medium and large cars and pickup trucks with spark-ignition engines could reduce fuel consumption by 29 percent at an additional cost of $2,200 to the consumer. Replacing spark-ignition engines with diesel engines and components would yield fuel savings of about 37 percent at an added cost of approximately $5,900 per vehicle, and replacing spark-ignition engines with hybrid engines and components would reduce fuel consumption by 43 percent at an increase of $6,000 per vehicle. The book focuses on fuel consumption-the amount of fuel consumed in a given driving distance-because energy savings are directly related to the amount of fuel used. In contrast, fuel economy measures how far a vehicle will travel with a gallon of fuel. Because fuel consumption data indicate money saved on fuel purchases and reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, the book finds that vehicle stickers should provide consumers with fuel consumption data in addition to fuel economy information.

Diesel Combustion and Emissions

Download Diesel Combustion and Emissions PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Diesel Combustion and Emissions by : Society of Automotive Engineers

Download or read book Diesel Combustion and Emissions written by Society of Automotive Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Advances in Internal Combustion Engine Research

Download Advances in Internal Combustion Engine Research PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811075751
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances in Internal Combustion Engine Research by : Dhananjay Kumar Srivastava

Download or read book Advances in Internal Combustion Engine Research written by Dhananjay Kumar Srivastava and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses all aspects of advanced engine technologies, and describes the role of alternative fuels and solution-based modeling studies in meeting the increasingly higher standards of the automotive industry. By promoting research into more efficient and environment-friendly combustion technologies, it helps enable researchers to develop higher-power engines with lower fuel consumption, emissions, and noise levels. Over the course of 12 chapters, it covers research in areas such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion and control strategies, the use of alternative fuels and additives in combination with new combustion technology and novel approaches to recover the pumping loss in the spark ignition engine. The book will serve as a valuable resource for academic researchers and professional automotive engineers alike.

Automotive Spark-Ignited Direct-Injection Gasoline Engines

Download Automotive Spark-Ignited Direct-Injection Gasoline Engines PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 008055279X
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Automotive Spark-Ignited Direct-Injection Gasoline Engines by : F. Zhao

Download or read book Automotive Spark-Ignited Direct-Injection Gasoline Engines written by F. Zhao and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-02-08 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The process of fuel injection, spray atomization and vaporization, charge cooling, mixture preparation and the control of in-cylinder air motion are all being actively researched and this work is reviewed in detail and analyzed. The new technologies such as high-pressure, common-rail, gasoline injection systems and swirl-atomizing gasoline fuel injections are discussed in detail, as these technologies, along with computer control capabilities, have enabled the current new examination of an old objective; the direct-injection, stratified-charge (DISC), gasoline engine. The prior work on DISC engines that is relevant to current GDI engine development is also reviewed and discussed. The fuel economy and emission data for actual engine configurations have been obtained and assembled for all of the available GDI literature, and are reviewed and discussed in detail. The types of GDI engines are arranged in four classifications of decreasing complexity, and the advantages and disadvantages of each class are noted and explained. Emphasis is placed upon consensus trends and conclusions that are evident when taken as a whole; thus the GDI researcher is informed regarding the degree to which engine volumetric efficiency and compression ratio can be increased under optimized conditions, and as to the extent to which unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), NOx and particulate emissions can be minimized for specific combustion strategies. The critical area of GDI fuel injector deposits and the associated effect on spray geometry and engine performance degradation are reviewed, and important system guidelines for minimizing deposition rates and deposit effects are presented. The capabilities and limitations of emission control techniques and after treatment hardware are reviewed in depth, and a compilation and discussion of areas of consensus on attaining European, Japanese and North American emission standards presented. All known research, prototype and production GDI engines worldwide are reviewed as to performance, emissions and fuel economy advantages, and for areas requiring further development. The engine schematics, control diagrams and specifications are compiled, and the emission control strategies are illustrated and discussed. The influence of lean-NOx catalysts on the development of late-injection, stratified-charge GDI engines is reviewed, and the relative merits of lean-burn, homogeneous, direct-injection engines as an option requiring less control complexity are analyzed.

Alcohol as an Alternative Fuel for Internal Combustion Engines

Download Alcohol as an Alternative Fuel for Internal Combustion Engines PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811609314
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Alcohol as an Alternative Fuel for Internal Combustion Engines by : Pravesh Chandra Shukla

Download or read book Alcohol as an Alternative Fuel for Internal Combustion Engines written by Pravesh Chandra Shukla and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-15 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: div="" This book covers different aspects related to utilization of alcohol fuels in internal combustion (IC) engines with a focus on combustion, performance and emission investigations. The focal point of this book is to present engine combustion, performance and emission characteristics of IC engines fueled by alcohol blended fuels such as methanol, ethanol and butanol. The contents also highlight the importance of alcohol fuel for reducing emission levels. Possibility of alcohol fuels for marine applications has also been discussed. This book is a useful guide for researchers, academics and scientists. ^

Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies for Improved Environmental Performance

Download Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies for Improved Environmental Performance PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0323900283
Total Pages : 800 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies for Improved Environmental Performance by : Richard Folkson

Download or read book Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies for Improved Environmental Performance written by Richard Folkson and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2022-07-27 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies for Improved Environmental Performance: Towards Zero Carbon Transportation, Second Edition provides a comprehensive view of key developments in advanced fuels and vehicle technologies to improve the energy efficiency and environmental impact of the automotive sector. Sections consider the role of alternative fuels such as electricity, alcohol and hydrogen fuel cells, as well as advanced additives and oils in environmentally sustainable transport. Other topics explored include methods of revising engine and vehicle design to improve environmental performance and fuel economy and developments in electric and hybrid vehicle technologies. This reference will provide professionals, engineers and researchers of alternative fuels with an understanding of the latest clean technologies which will help them to advance the field. Those working in environmental and mechanical engineering will benefit from the detailed analysis of the technologies covered, as will fuel suppliers and energy producers seeking to improve the efficiency, sustainability and accessibility of their work. - Provides a fully updated reference with significant technological advances and developments in the sector - Presents analyses on the latest advances in electronic systems for emissions control, autonomous systems, artificial intelligence and legislative requirements - Includes a strong focus on updated climate change predictions and consequences, helping the reader work towards ambitious 2050 climate change goals for the automotive industry

Handbook of Clean Energy Systems, 6 Volume Set

Download Handbook of Clean Energy Systems, 6 Volume Set PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118388585
Total Pages : 4038 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (183 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Clean Energy Systems, 6 Volume Set by : Jinyue Yan

Download or read book Handbook of Clean Energy Systems, 6 Volume Set written by Jinyue Yan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-22 with total page 4038 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Clean Energy Systems brings together an international team of experts to present a comprehensive overview of the latest research, developments and practical applications throughout all areas of clean energy systems. Consolidating information which is currently scattered across a wide variety of literature sources, the handbook covers a broad range of topics in this interdisciplinary research field including both fossil and renewable energy systems. The development of intelligent energy systems for efficient energy processes and mitigation technologies for the reduction of environmental pollutants is explored in depth, and environmental, social and economic impacts are also addressed. Topics covered include: Volume 1 - Renewable Energy: Biomass resources and biofuel production; Bioenergy Utilization; Solar Energy; Wind Energy; Geothermal Energy; Tidal Energy. Volume 2 - Clean Energy Conversion Technologies: Steam/Vapor Power Generation; Gas Turbines Power Generation; Reciprocating Engines; Fuel Cells; Cogeneration and Polygeneration. Volume 3 - Mitigation Technologies: Carbon Capture; Negative Emissions System; Carbon Transportation; Carbon Storage; Emission Mitigation Technologies; Efficiency Improvements and Waste Management; Waste to Energy. Volume 4 - Intelligent Energy Systems: Future Electricity Markets; Diagnostic and Control of Energy Systems; New Electric Transmission Systems; Smart Grid and Modern Electrical Systems; Energy Efficiency of Municipal Energy Systems; Energy Efficiency of Industrial Energy Systems; Consumer Behaviors; Load Control and Management; Electric Car and Hybrid Car; Energy Efficiency Improvement. Volume 5 - Energy Storage: Thermal Energy Storage; Chemical Storage; Mechanical Storage; Electrochemical Storage; Integrated Storage Systems. Volume 6 - Sustainability of Energy Systems: Sustainability Indicators, Evaluation Criteria, and Reporting; Regulation and Policy; Finance and Investment; Emission Trading; Modeling and Analysis of Energy Systems; Energy vs. Development; Low Carbon Economy; Energy Efficiencies and Emission Reduction. Key features: Comprising over 3,500 pages in 6 volumes, HCES presents a comprehensive overview of the latest research, developments and practical applications throughout all areas of clean energy systems, consolidating a wealth of information which is currently scattered across a wide variety of literature sources. In addition to renewable energy systems, HCES also covers processes for the efficient and clean conversion of traditional fuels such as coal, oil and gas, energy storage systems, mitigation technologies for the reduction of environmental pollutants, and the development of intelligent energy systems. Environmental, social and economic impacts of energy systems are also addressed in depth. Published in full colour throughout. Fully indexed with cross referencing within and between all six volumes. Edited by leading researchers from academia and industry who are internationally renowned and active in their respective fields. Published in print and online. The online version is a single publication (i.e. no updates), available for one-time purchase or through annual subscription.

Injection Technologies and Mixture Formation Strategies For Spark Ignition and Dual-Fuel Engines

Download Injection Technologies and Mixture Formation Strategies For Spark Ignition and Dual-Fuel Engines PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SAE International
ISBN 13 : 1468603116
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (686 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Injection Technologies and Mixture Formation Strategies For Spark Ignition and Dual-Fuel Engines by : Alessandro Ferrari

Download or read book Injection Technologies and Mixture Formation Strategies For Spark Ignition and Dual-Fuel Engines written by Alessandro Ferrari and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2022-06-24 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel injection systems and performance is fundamental to combustion engine performance in terms of power, noise, efficiency, and exhaust emissions. There is a move toward electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce carbon emissions, but this is unlikely to be a rapid transition, in part due to EV batteries: their size, cost, longevity, and charging capabilities as well as the scarcity of materials to produce them. Until these isssues are resolved, refining the spark-ignited engine is necessary address both sustainability and demand for affordable and reliable mobility. Even under policies oriented to smart sustainable mobility, spark-ignited engines remain strategic, because they can be applied to hybridized EVs or can be fueled with gasoline blended with bioethanol or bio-butanol to drastically reduce particulate matter emissions of direct injection engines in addition to lower CO2 emissions. In this book, Alessandro Ferrari and Pietro Pizzo provide a full review of spark-ignited engine fuel injection systems. The most popular typologies of fuel injection systems are considered, with special focus on state-of-the-art solutions. Dedicated sections on the methods for air mass evaluation, fuel delivery low-pressure modules, and the specific subsystems for idle, cold start, and warm-up control are also included. The authors pay special attention to mixture formation strategies, as they are a fundamental theme for SI engines. An exhaustive overview of fuel injection technologies is provided, and mixture formation strategies for spark ignited combustion engines are considered. Fuel Injection Systems illustrates the performance of these systems and will also serve as a reference for engineers who are active in the aftermarket, offering detailed information on fuel injection system solutions that are mounted in older vehicles.

Gasoline Direct Injection Engine and Spark Ignition Performance

Download Gasoline Direct Injection Engine and Spark Ignition Performance PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Gasoline Direct Injection Engine and Spark Ignition Performance by : Society of Automotive Engineers

Download or read book Gasoline Direct Injection Engine and Spark Ignition Performance written by Society of Automotive Engineers and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles

Download Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309373913
Total Pages : 812 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles by : National Research Council

Download or read book Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-28 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others? Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.

Advanced Combustion Techniques and Engine Technologies for the Automotive Sector

Download Advanced Combustion Techniques and Engine Technologies for the Automotive Sector PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811503680
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advanced Combustion Techniques and Engine Technologies for the Automotive Sector by : Akhilendra Pratap Singh

Download or read book Advanced Combustion Techniques and Engine Technologies for the Automotive Sector written by Akhilendra Pratap Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-10 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the recent advances in combustion strategies and engine technologies, with specific reference to the automotive sector. Chapters discuss the advanced combustion technologies, such as gasoline direct ignition (GDI), spark assisted compression ignition (SACI), gasoline compression ignition (GCI), etc., which are the future of the automotive sector. Emphasis is given to technologies which have the potential for utilization of alternative fuels as well as emission reduction. One special section includes a few chapters for methanol utilization in two-wheelers and four wheelers. The book will serve as a valuable resource for academic researchers and professional automotive engineers alike.

Proceedings of the 4th International Congress of Automotive and Transport Engineering (AMMA 2018)

Download Proceedings of the 4th International Congress of Automotive and Transport Engineering (AMMA 2018) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319944096
Total Pages : 866 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 4th International Congress of Automotive and Transport Engineering (AMMA 2018) by : Nicolae Burnete

Download or read book Proceedings of the 4th International Congress of Automotive and Transport Engineering (AMMA 2018) written by Nicolae Burnete and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-29 with total page 866 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes selected and reviewed papers from the 4th International Congress of Automotive and Transport Engineering, held in Cluj, Romania, in September 2018. Authors are experts from research, industry and universities coming from 14 countries worldwide. The papers are covering the latest developments in automotive vehicles and environment, advanced transport systems and road traffic, heavy and special vehicles, new materials, manufacturing technologies and logistics, accident research and analysis and innovative solutions for automotive vehicles. The conference is organized by SIAR (Society of Automotive Engineers from Romania) in cooperation with FISITA.

Ammonia and Hydrogen for Green Energy Transition

Download Ammonia and Hydrogen for Green Energy Transition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 981970507X
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (197 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ammonia and Hydrogen for Green Energy Transition by : Sudarshan Kumar

Download or read book Ammonia and Hydrogen for Green Energy Transition written by Sudarshan Kumar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Biogas Combustion Engines for Green Energy Generation

Download Biogas Combustion Engines for Green Energy Generation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030945383
Total Pages : 111 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (39 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Biogas Combustion Engines for Green Energy Generation by : Eiji Tomita

Download or read book Biogas Combustion Engines for Green Energy Generation written by Eiji Tomita and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-28 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the combustion and exhaust emissions of gas engines fueled with green biogas. Biogas is a mixture of gases, primarily consisting of methane and carbon dioxide. Biogas can be produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, food waste, etc. Biogas is considered to be a renewable source of energy. Therefore, it can contribute to the prevention of global warming. The biogas engine is used to co-generate electricity by operating engine and heat from hot exhaust gases. The energy source used very efficiently. Unlike other green energy sources such as wind and solar, biogas is readily available when needed. This book first describes the basics of biogas and its application to internal combustion engines. Next, it describes the engine system and the combustion phenomena in the engine cylinder. Engine technology continues to advance in spark ignition and dual-fuel engines to achieve higher thermal efficiency and lower harmful emissions. Several advanced combustion technologies are introduced to achieve higher thermal efficiency while avoiding knocking.

Biofuels from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Download Biofuels from Lignocellulosic Biomass PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527338136
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Biofuels from Lignocellulosic Biomass by : Michael Boot

Download or read book Biofuels from Lignocellulosic Biomass written by Michael Boot and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-26 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by experts in combustion technology, this is a unique and refreshing perspective on the current biofuel discussion, presenting the latest research in this important field. The emphasis throughout this reference is on applications, industrial perspectives and economics, focusing on new classes of biofuels such as butanols, levulinates, benzenoids and others. Clearly structured, each chapter presents a new class of biofuel and discusses such topics as production pathways, fuel properties and its impact on engines. The result is a fascinating, user-oriented overview of new classes of biofuels beyond bioethanol.

Advanced Combustion Technologies for Low Carbon Emissions

Download Advanced Combustion Technologies for Low Carbon Emissions PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832503454
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advanced Combustion Technologies for Low Carbon Emissions by : Jun Li

Download or read book Advanced Combustion Technologies for Low Carbon Emissions written by Jun Li and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-07-10 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Gasoline Compression Ignition Technology

Download Gasoline Compression Ignition Technology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811687358
Total Pages : 339 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Gasoline Compression Ignition Technology by : Gautam Kalghatgi

Download or read book Gasoline Compression Ignition Technology written by Gautam Kalghatgi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-17 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on gasoline compression ignition (GCI) which offers the prospect of engines with high efficiency and low exhaust emissions at a lower cost. A GCI engine is a compression ignition (CI) engine which is run on gasoline-like fuels (even on low-octane gasoline), making it significantly easier to control particulates and NOx but with high efficiency. The state of the art development to make GCI combustion feasible on practical vehicles is highlighted, e.g., on overcoming problems on cold start, high-pressure rise rates at high loads, transients, and HC and CO emissions. This book will be a useful guide to those in academia and industry.