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Performance Comparison Of Human And Dummy Models In Various Vehicle Frontal Crash Scenarios Based On Federal Regulatory Standards
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Book Synopsis Performance Comparison of Human and Dummy Models in Various Vehicle Frontal Crash Scenarios Based on Federal Regulatory Standards by : Nitheesh Sasikumar
Download or read book Performance Comparison of Human and Dummy Models in Various Vehicle Frontal Crash Scenarios Based on Federal Regulatory Standards written by Nitheesh Sasikumar and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significant advancements in enhancing passenger safety and vehicle structures have been made in the automotive industry to protect the occupants and to minimize the injuries during crash events. Variety of crash tests, based on federal regulatory standards, have been performed with an end goal to examine the occupant kinematics and potential injury responses. Among different automotive crash scenarios, the frontal impact is the most common type of accident, which has been considered in this study. In recent years, computer-aided engineering tools have been extensively utilized in modeling, analysis and design of vehicle structures and occupant safety systems. The primary reason for the development and use of simulation models is to reduce the number of full-scale sled tests performed, which require vast flow time and are associated with significant cost. This thesis entirely focuses on the comparison of dynamic responses of human body models versus the crash dummy models in various vehicle frontal federal regulatory standards. For this reason, a ford taurus car representing a typical sedan has been considered as a medium. The simulation tests are conducted for the full frontal impact, small offset overlap impact and oblique impact configurations. A car interior environment is developed in MADYMO code, in which the human and dummy models are placed in. The acceleration acquired from the finite element analysis of frontal crash scenarios and the driver seat node are then input into the MADYMO code for both human and dummy models, and their kinematic responses are then compared. Per regulations, chest injury is considered to be a prominent factor in frontal crashes. Hence, the variations of chest deflection, chest acceleration and viscous criteria are investigated. The results from this study illustrate the potential difference between the human and dummy dynamic performances in various frontal crash scenarios. In particular, the differences in chest acceleration, chest deflection, and flexibility of spine are quantified.
Book Synopsis Automotive Side-impact Simulations and Comparison of Dummy and Human Body Model Crash Dynamic Responses According to Regulatory Standards by : Durga Venkata Suresh Koppisetty
Download or read book Automotive Side-impact Simulations and Comparison of Dummy and Human Body Model Crash Dynamic Responses According to Regulatory Standards written by Durga Venkata Suresh Koppisetty and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), side-impact car accidents are the second leading cause of fatalities in the United States. Compared to all other accidents, side-impact crashes are quite dangerous to the occupants because of their limited ability to absorb the crash energy and less space for intrusion. NHTSA and IIHS have developed safety standards to prevent fatalities by conducting several experiments using anthropomorphic test dummies (ATDs). Although the regulations are based on the use of crash dummies, there might be differences between actual human crash performance and dummy crash performance. In recent years, technology has improved in such a way that crash scenarios can be modeled in various computational software, and human dynamic responses can be studied using active human body models, which are a combination of rigid bodies, finite elements, and kinematic joints, thus making them flexible to use in all crash test scenarios. In this research, nearside occupants were considered because they are more likely to be injured in a side-impact crash. Vehicle side-impact crash simulations were carried out using LS-DYNA finite element (FE) software, and the occupant response simulations were conducted with Mathematical Dynamic Models (MADYMO) software. Because the simulation of an entire FE model of a car and occupant is quite time consuming and expensive, a prescribed structural motion (PSM) technique was utilized and applied to the side-door panel with an occupant positioned in the driver seat of the car using the MADYMO code. Regular side-impact deformable barrier and pole test simulations were performed with belted and unbelted occupant models considering two different target vehicles—a mid-size sedan and a small compact car. Responses from dummy and human body models were compared in order to quantify the noticeable differences between the two performances in nearside-impact accidents.
Book Synopsis Biofidilety of Human Body Models and Comparison to Dummy Models in Side Impact Crash Scenarios by : Naresh Nekkadapu
Download or read book Biofidilety of Human Body Models and Comparison to Dummy Models in Side Impact Crash Scenarios written by Naresh Nekkadapu and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Author's abstract] Over the past few years, the computer aided engineering tools have focused on the occupant safety and comfort. Wide ranges of crash tests have been performed in order to study the occupant kinematics and injury response. Similar models were built with the help of simulation tools and validated with the crash test data. The main purpose of building the simulation models is to reduce the number of full scale sled tests which require large flow time and are associated with significant costs. Moreover the Sled tests are typically not repeatable. Therefore this research is mainly focused on building the simulation models, which are aimed at performing the same results as the sled tests. Crash test dummies are widely used in automotive safety research and design. Hence it is logical that the first Hybrid dummy models developed were based on the crash dummies. These models have the same differences that exist between crash dummies and the real human body. Considering the growing demand to improve the occupant safety and comfort for an ever wider range of crash situations than those covered by the current regulation, Human Body Models were introduced in the occupant safety. In general it is of interest and importance to study the dynamic behavior and potential injuries to a real human being than a crash test dummy, and to obtain difference or correlation between the two. Several models describing sub systems of the human body have been developed in the past, but few models describe the response of the entire human body in impact conditions. Also these models are usually restricted to one of the three loading directions: frontal, lateral or rear. Taking into consideration all these facts, an "omni directional" human body model representing the average age male is developed. In this thesis, occupant response and injury parameters of the HBM (Human Body Model) are studied and compared to SID H3 and EUROSID I dummies. All the models were tested for FMVSS 214 regulation and IIHS Crash Testing procedures. The study is further extended to FMVSS 214 and IIHS with Chevy Pick up as a striking car instead of Moving Deformable Barrier ("MBD") as in earlier case) with relaxed regulations, for side impact crash. The results from this study indicates that the response of the Human Body Model (HBM) is more similar to a real human being when compared to dummy models SID H3 and EUROSID 1, however there are few recommendations which can make the response even better.
Book Synopsis Biofidelity of Human Body Models and Comparison to Dummy Models in Reconstruction of Frontal Crash Scenario by : Anant Sadanand Kendale
Download or read book Biofidelity of Human Body Models and Comparison to Dummy Models in Reconstruction of Frontal Crash Scenario written by Anant Sadanand Kendale and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Computational Modeling and Analysis of a Passenger Car Frontal Impact Per New FMVSS Offset Oblique and Small Overlap Tests by : Sagun Shrestha
Download or read book Computational Modeling and Analysis of a Passenger Car Frontal Impact Per New FMVSS Offset Oblique and Small Overlap Tests written by Sagun Shrestha and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crash tests play a vital role in the design and development of new vehicles to ensure customer safety. The results obtained from the test programs such as the ones from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) are useful for further development of vehicles pertaining to consumer safety. The new and latest oblique offset and small overlap crash tests represent more realistic configurations of the frontal car impact accidents compared to earlier version of standards. In this study, finite element (FE) models of a family sedan car impact surroundings are utilized to reconstruct the tests. The objective of this study is to utilize computational modeling and analysis techniques to assess the performance of a typical sedan car per new small overlap frontal crash test and oblique offset tests, and to compare the results with the original rigid barrier impact crash test in terms of physical intrusion of the vehicle body parts and examining the corresponding potential injuries to occupants. The validation of the models are performed to ensure model accuracy and to check for any abnormalities in the FE models. In this research, the vehicle-to-barrier and vice versa models are simulated using the LS-DYNA nonlinear code. The full frontal impact crash tests are simulated according to the NCAP protocol. The oblique offset and small offset frontal impact tests are then investigated as they represent real-world scenarios better. The data obtained from the intrusions on the vehicle's A- and B- pillars, firewall, toe pan, knee bolster and steering column are analyzed. The results from different scenarios obtained are then compared in terms of intrusion and acceleration inside the car and the analysis of intrusion and occupant injury. It is observed that the small offset crash test adds more challenge not only to the structure of the vehicle but also to the design of seat belts and airbags. This study indicates that the compliance with the offset oblique and small offset frontal impact tests provide the best occupant protection where the occupant sustains maximum G- force especially in terms of head impact protection to the car's A-pillar.
Book Synopsis Design and Performance Specifications for a Generic Buck Representing a Small Family Car Used in the Assessment of Pedestrian Dummy Whole Body Impact Response by : Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Committee
Download or read book Design and Performance Specifications for a Generic Buck Representing a Small Family Car Used in the Assessment of Pedestrian Dummy Whole Body Impact Response written by Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Committee and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Information Report addresses the design and performance specifications for a generic buck to be used in full-scale vehicle to pedestrian tests conducted to evaluate pedestrian dummy performance. Specifically, the buck is designed to mimic the impact response of the front end of a sedan within the small family car class during a collision with a pedestrian. The goal is to develop a generic buck with simplified geometry and a limited number of components made of clearly defined and readily available engineering materials to facilitate fabrication and reproducibility. To ensure performance of the buck, it is specified that the buck mimics the maximum crush distance, absorbed energy, and maximum force corresponding to a sedan within the small family car class during a pedestrian impact. The design and performance specifications provided in this document focus on: (1) the design specifications describing the materials and geometry of the generic buck and (2) the specific certification tests that are required to ensure that any fabricated buck meets the necessary design specifications. Performance evaluations of pedestrian dummies require standardized test methodologies and equipment. A full-scale vehicle to pedestrian impact test is an essential performance evaluation for a pedestrian dummy. While production vehicles obviously provide a realistic platform for vehicle to pedestrian impacts, the limited long-term availability of production vehicles combined with the geometric and stiffness constraints imposed by a particular vehicle model reduce their desirability for performance specifications. This Information Report provides the design and performance specifications required to develop a generic test buck, representing a small family car, for use in evaluating the biofidelity of pedestrian dummies in full-scale tests.
Book Synopsis Development of Response Surface Data on the Head Injury Criteria Associated with Various Aircraft and Automotive Head Impact Scenarios by : Prasanna Vadanan Nallan Chakravarthy
Download or read book Development of Response Surface Data on the Head Injury Criteria Associated with Various Aircraft and Automotive Head Impact Scenarios written by Prasanna Vadanan Nallan Chakravarthy and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safety of passengers in both automotive and aircraft is always looked upon for more advancement in providing better safety and minimizing the injuries/fatalities during crashes. Among the injuries which are incurred onto the occupants in aviation and automotive accidents, the head injuries are the most fatal and severe type of injury. In aircraft accidents, mostly in the event of air turbulence or emergency landing, the passengers seated behind bulkheads or interior walls have a higher chance of head impact onto these structures. Similarly, the vehicle safety is considered to be quiet important for automobile manufacturers as well as customers. Among all automobile crashes, frontal impact collisions are the most common types of crash scenario. The most observed injuries in these crashes are caused by the impact of the head to the steering wheel, windshield, etc. This thesis presents an investigation and development of response surface data on the Head Injury Criteria (HIC) during frontal crashes in both automotive and aircraft accidents. Consideration is made relative to the Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs) for the aircraft industry and the US-NCAP (New Car Assessment Program) protocol for frontal impact crashes in automotive industry. For this purpose, a hybrid III 50th percentile dummy is utilized in the occupant modeling code MADYMO to investigate the variations of the HIC with different parameters such as impact speed, impact angle, seat belt properties, seat pitch distances, and stiffness or material properties of the impact surface. Finally, a Design-of-Experiments (DOE)/Kriging model is utilized to generate response surface data on the HIC, using the sample results obtained from the MADYMO computer models. The collective results of the many simulations as surface plots from this study could be of significant use to the designers of automotive seats and aircraft interiors and in coming up with the most promising designs for occupant head impact protection in various frontal crash scenarios.
Book Synopsis International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles. Tenth. [Proceedings.]. by :
Download or read book International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles. Tenth. [Proceedings.]. written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 1256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Vehicle Crash Mechanics by : Matthew Huang
Download or read book Vehicle Crash Mechanics written by Matthew Huang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-06-19 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Governed by strict regulations and the intricate balance of complex interactions among variables, the application of mechanics to vehicle crashworthiness is not a simple task. It demands a solid understanding of the fundamentals, careful analysis, and practical knowledge of the tools and techniques of that analysis. Vehicle Crash Mechanics s
Book Synopsis Human Subject Crash Testing by : Lawrence S Nordhoff
Download or read book Human Subject Crash Testing written by Lawrence S Nordhoff and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2007-03-30 with total page 982 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than 50 years, crash studies involving human subjects have improved understanding of occupant and vehicle kinematics, helped explain injury mechanisms in lower speed collisions, and led to improved seat and vehicle design. Human Subject Crash Testing: Innovations and Advances includes 42 of the most important historical and current studies which used living human subjects in frontal, side, and rear-end impacts. Covering more than 50 years of research (from 1955 through 2006), the book includes numerous landmark SAE papers, as well as papers from other conference proceedings. Papers were chosen based on criteria that included quality and rigor of methods, uniqueness, number of subjects, and long-term reference value. This book also features a comprehensive bibliography, which contains brief summaries of other relevant human subject crash test studies that are not included in the book.
Book Synopsis A Numerical Side Impact Model to Investigate Thoracic Injury in Lateral Impact Scenarios by : Brett M. Campbell
Download or read book A Numerical Side Impact Model to Investigate Thoracic Injury in Lateral Impact Scenarios written by Brett M. Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although there have been tremendous improvements in crash safety there has been an increasing trend in side impact fatalities, rising from 30% to 37% of total fatalities from 1975 to 2004 (NHTSA, 2004). Between 1979 and 2004, 63% of AIS[greq]4 injuries in side impact resulted from thoracic trauma (NHTSA, 2004). Lateral impact fatalities, although decreasing in absolute numbers, now comprise a larger percentage of total fatalities. Safety features are typically more effective in frontal collisions compared to side impact due to the reduced distance between the occupant and intruding vehicle in side impact collisions. Therefore, an increased understanding of the mechanisms governing side impact injury is necessary in order to improve occupant safety in side impact auto crash. This study builds on an advanced numerical human body model with focus on a detailed thoracic model, which has been validated using available post mortem human subject (PMHS) test data for pendulum and side sled impact tests (Forbes, 2005).
Book Synopsis State-of-the-Art and Innovations in Mechanism and Machine Science by : Marco Ceccarelli
Download or read book State-of-the-Art and Innovations in Mechanism and Machine Science written by Marco Ceccarelli and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024-01-15 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers invited contributions as survey and research reports in mechanism and machine science (MMS) ranging across the entire field, related in most instances to the works of late Prof. Carlos López Cajún, one of the field's most prominent scholars. The book provides state-of-the-art information and showcases the latest achievements and challenges of MMS. The book is an accessible avenue to understanding ideas and solutions by leading international scientists who offer much-needed historical insights into the MMS field with future perspectives.
Book Synopsis Performance Specifications for a Midsize Male Pedestrian Research Dummy by : Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Committee
Download or read book Performance Specifications for a Midsize Male Pedestrian Research Dummy written by Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Committee and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While it is recognized that collisions involve pedestrians of all sizes, this Information Report addresses performance specifications for a midsize adult male research dummy. This approach stems from the greater knowledge of biomechanics and existing dummy technologies for the midsize male relative to other adult sizes and children. While not the initial objective, it is envisioned that additional performance specifications for other sizes of pedestrian research dummies will be developed in the future based on accepted scaling procedures.The specific requirements for the pedestrian dummy have been based on a collective assessment of pedestrian injury, response, and anthropometry priorities from the experimental, epidemiologic, and computational literature. In general, the objective was to specify performance specifications based on human characteristics and the impact response of post-mortem human subjects rather than to specify the design of a particular physical device.Based on the perceived applications for a research pedestrian dummy, the primary focus of this document centered on biofidelic whole-body kinematics during a vehicle-pedestrian impact. Specific body regions were prioritized (see A.1.5) based on a combination of pedestrian injury, including both severity and frequency. Based on the priorities established by a review committee, the specifications provided in this document include both mandatory and recommended requirements as indicated by the terms "shall" and "should," respectively. As pedestrian injury trends and dummy hardware continue to evolve in the future, it is anticipated that this document will expand to include more mandatory requirements in more body regions.Finally, it should be noted that the test procedures described in this document only apply to the specific tests required to assess pedestrian dummy biofidelity. It is anticipated that pedestrian dummies meeting the performance criteria of this document will be used in a wide variety of tests, requiring specialized test and data procedures. Evaluating the biofidelity of pedestrian dummies is crucial to ensure the validity of research results obtained using such dummies. This Information Report provides performance specifications for a pedestrian dummy at both the component and full-scale assembly levels. While a previous version of the Information Report (SAE J2782_201010) provided performance requirements for a research pedestrian dummy, the requirements for both the thigh and leg components have been recently modified to more accurately represent vehicle-pedestrian interactions. Additionally, internal biofidelity requirements for the pelvis have also been specified in order to further ensure biofidelic response of the pelvis. Furthermore, requirements for whole-body trajectories and head velocity have also been defined to quantify interaction with the generic buck specified in the Information Report SAE J3093.
Download or read book Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 966 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis AIRBAG TEST CONDIDTIONS BASED ON REAL-WORLD CRASH EXPERIENCE by : J. W. MELVIN
Download or read book AIRBAG TEST CONDIDTIONS BASED ON REAL-WORLD CRASH EXPERIENCE written by J. W. MELVIN and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Analysis of a Finite Element Human Brain in Low Speed Rear Impact Automobile Collision by : Mangesh S. Kadam
Download or read book An Analysis of a Finite Element Human Brain in Low Speed Rear Impact Automobile Collision written by Mangesh S. Kadam and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Subject Bibliography from Highway Safety Literature by : United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Download or read book A Subject Bibliography from Highway Safety Literature written by United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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