Perceptual And Neuronal Representations Of 3d Surface Orientation

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Perceptual and Neuronal Representations of 3D Surface Orientation

Author : Ting-Yu Chang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (126 download)

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Book Synopsis Perceptual and Neuronal Representations of 3D Surface Orientation by : Ting-Yu Chang

Download or read book Perceptual and Neuronal Representations of 3D Surface Orientation written by Ting-Yu Chang and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human and non-human primates (NHPs) have the ability to see in three-dimensional (3D) space, allowing for successful navigation and interaction with objects in the environment. The robust (i.e., accurate and precise) 3D visual perception is achieved by the reconstruction of 3D scene information from two-dimensional (2D) retinal projections. However, it remains unclear where in the brain this reconstruction occurs and how the 2D signals were transformed into robust 3D representations. This dissertation assessed perceptual and neuronal representations of 3D vision in macaque monkeys using a planar surface orientation discrimination task with different spatial poses (i.e., orientation and distance). First, I evaluated if NHPs dynamically integrate visual cues for 3D surface orientation perception. The results showed that the perceptual bias was small across the surface poses, whereas sensitivity varied with the pose-dependent reliabilities. The prediction of perceptual sensitivity by an optimal integration model using the cue-isolated data matched the observed sensitivity to combined-cue stimuli. These findings demonstrate that NHPs optimally integrate stereoscopic and perspective cues to achieve robust 3D perception by dynamically reweighting all available information. Second, I evaluated the neural mechanism of dynamic cue reweighting with reliability in the caudal intraparietal (CIP) area. Neuronal responses were recorded using laminar probes while monkeys performed the discrimination task. The results showed that neural responses to combined-cue were well described by the linear weighted summation of the cue-isolated responses. The neural weight ratio between isolated cues was related to the ratio of perceptual sensitivity between the object poses. Finally, I investigated the relationships between the robustness of 3D sensory representations, choice-related activity, and motor-related activity in CIP. The results showed that the neurons with more robust 3D representations preferentially coupled with choice-related activity. Neurons with choice-related activity further increased the robustness of 3D selectivity after the onset of choice activity. Furthermore, I found that the sensorimotor associations between 3D visual representation and saccade-related activity were experience-dependent and stronger for neurons that carried choice-related activity. In sum, these results uncovered a neural basis for visual cue integration as well as systematic links between the high-level sensory representations, choice-related activity, and motor-related activity in CIP.

Sensory Cue Integration

Author : Julia Trommershauser
Publisher : Computational Neuroscience
ISBN 13 : 0195387244
Total Pages : 461 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Sensory Cue Integration by : Julia Trommershauser

Download or read book Sensory Cue Integration written by Julia Trommershauser and published by Computational Neuroscience. This book was released on 2011 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is concerned with sensory cue integration both within and between sensory modalities, and focuses on the emerging way of thinking about cue combination in terms of uncertainty. These probabilistic approaches derive from the realization that our sensors are noisy and moreover are often affected by ambiguity. For example, mechanoreceptor outputs are variable and they cannot distinguish if a perceived force is caused by the weight of an object or by force we are producing ourselves. The probabilistic approaches elaborated in this book aim at formalizing the uncertainty of cues. They describe cue combination as the nervous system's attempt to minimize uncertainty in its estimates and to choose successful actions. Some computational approaches described in the chapters of this book are concerned with the application of such statistical ideas to real-world cue-combination problems. Others ask how uncertainty may be represented in the nervous system and used for cue combination. Importantly, across behavioral, electrophysiological and theoretical approaches, Bayesian statistics is emerging as a common language in which cue-combination problems can be expressed

Solid Shape

Author : Jan J. Koenderink
Publisher : Mit Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262111393
Total Pages : 699 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Solid Shape by : Jan J. Koenderink

Download or read book Solid Shape written by Jan J. Koenderink and published by Mit Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 699 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid Shape gives engineers and applied scientists access to the extensive mathematical literature on three dimensional shapes. Drawing on the author's deep and personal understanding of three-dimensional space, it adopts an intuitive visual approach designed to develop heuristic tools of real use in applied contexts.Increasing activity in such areas as computer aided design and robotics calls for sophisticated methods to characterize solid objects. A wealth of mathematical research exists that can greatly facilitate this work yet engineers have continued to "reinvent the wheel" as they grapple with problems in three dimensional geometry. Solid Shape bridges the gap that now exists between technical and modern geometry and shape theory or computer vision, offering engineers a new way to develop the intuitive feel for behavior of a system under varying situations without learning the mathematicians' formal proofs. Reliance on descriptive geometry rather than analysis and on representations most easily implemented on microcomputers reinforces this emphasis on transforming the theoretical to the practical.Chapters cover shape and space, Euclidean space, curved submanifolds, curves, local patches, global patches, applications in ecological optics, morphogenesis, shape in flux, and flux models. A final chapter on literature research and an appendix on how to draw and use diagrams invite readers to follow their own pursuits in threedimensional shape.Jan J. Koenderinck is Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Utrecht University. Solid Shape is included in the Artificial Intelligence series, edited by Patrick Winston, Michael Brady, and Daniel Bobrow

Contextual Interactions in Cortical Motion and Surface Perception

Author : Julia Berzhanskaya
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Contextual Interactions in Cortical Motion and Surface Perception by : Julia Berzhanskaya

Download or read book Contextual Interactions in Cortical Motion and Surface Perception written by Julia Berzhanskaya and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This dissertation describes neural modeling and psychophysical experiments that clarify how ambiguous visual signals can be disambiguated by contextual interactions. A neural model of the V1-V2-MT-MST areas of the visual cortex is developed to explain how context can influence motion percepts. Psychophysical experiments clarify how context can influence the perception of gloss on a 3D surface and support earlier model predictions about perceptual surface formation. To process object motion in cluttered environments, the brain has to solve multiple problems. One concerns aperture ambiguity. If a featureless line is observed through an aperture in an occluding surface, the perceived direction of motion is perpendicular to the line and may differ from the real motion direction. Integration of motion across apertures helps to determine the true direction of motion. If multiple moving objects overlap, motion segmentation and motion separation in depth help to limit the areas of motion integration. Figure-ground constraints also help to disambiguate the object to which a moving feature belongs. Thus, both form and motion information are combined in the current 3D FORMOTION model to accurately determine object motion. The model simulates effects of visible and invisible occluders on segregation of motion signals within and across depth, and how object shape and nearby objects can influence motion percepts. The psychophysical experiments clarify how percepts of gloss in an image can change as a function distance on the depicted surface rather than of distance in the image plane. Data suggest that the perception of gloss depends on a spatially local filling-in process, or gloss propagation, that is triggered by distinctive highlight features in the context of a 3D surface representation. Space-variant gloss ratings can be explained by generalizing previous models of brightness perception.

The Cognitive Neurosciences

Author : Michael S. Gazzaniga
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 026201341X
Total Pages : 1377 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cognitive Neurosciences by : Michael S. Gazzaniga

Download or read book The Cognitive Neurosciences written by Michael S. Gazzaniga and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2009-09-18 with total page 1377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The fourth edition of The Cognitive Neurosciences continues to chart new directions in the study of the biologic underpinnings of complex cognition - the relationship between the structural and physiological mechanisms of the nervous system and the psychological reality of the mind. The material in this edition is entirely new, with all chapters written specifically for it." --Book Jacket.

Neural Networks for Perception

Author : Harry Wechsler
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 1483260259
Total Pages : 543 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Neural Networks for Perception by : Harry Wechsler

Download or read book Neural Networks for Perception written by Harry Wechsler and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural Networks for Perception, Volume 1: Human and Machine Perception focuses on models for understanding human perception in terms of distributed computation and examples of PDP models for machine perception. This book addresses both theoretical and practical issues related to the feasibility of both explaining human perception and implementing machine perception in terms of neural network models. The book is organized into two parts. The first part focuses on human perception. Topics on network model of object recognition in human vision, the self-organization of functional architecture in the cerebral cortex, and the structure and interpretation of neuronal codes in the visual system are detailed under this part. Part two covers the relevance of neural networks for machine perception. Subjects considered under this section include the multi-dimensional linear lattice for Fourier and Gabor transforms, multiple- scale Gaussian filtering, and edge detection; aspects of invariant pattern and object recognition; and neural network for motion processing. Neuroscientists, computer scientists, engineers, and researchers in artificial intelligence will find the book useful.

Surface Perception from Local Analysis of Texture and Contour

Author : Kent A. Stevens
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)

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Book Synopsis Surface Perception from Local Analysis of Texture and Contour by : Kent A. Stevens

Download or read book Surface Perception from Local Analysis of Texture and Contour written by Kent A. Stevens and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The visual analysis of surface shape from texture and surface contour is treated within a computational framework. The aim of this study is to determine valid constraints that are sufficient to allow surface orientation and distance (up to a multiplicative constant) to be computed from the image of surface texture and of surface contours. The report is in three parts. Part I consists of a review of major theories of surface perception, a discussion of vision as computation and of the nature in which three-dimensional information is manifest in the image, and a study of the representation of local surface orientation. Part II reconisiders the familiar 'texture gradient'. Part III examines our preception of surface contours. It is shown that surface contours are strong sources of information about local surface shape.

Model-Based Reasoning in Science and Technology

Author : Lorenzo Magnani
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319389831
Total Pages : 674 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Model-Based Reasoning in Science and Technology by : Lorenzo Magnani

Download or read book Model-Based Reasoning in Science and Technology written by Lorenzo Magnani and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-01 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses how scientific and other types of cognition make use of models, abduction, and explanatory reasoning in order to produce important or creative changes in theories and concepts. It includes revised contributions presented during the international conference on Model-Based Reasoning (MBR’015), held on June 25-27 in Sestri Levante, Italy. The book is divided into three main parts, the first of which focuses on models, reasoning and representation. It highlights key theoretical concepts from an applied perspective, addressing issues concerning information visualization, experimental methods and design. The second part goes a step further, examining abduction, problem solving and reasoning. The respective contributions analyze different types of reasoning, discussing various concepts of inference and creativity and their relationship with experimental data. In turn, the third part reports on a number of historical, epistemological and technological issues. By analyzing possible contradictions in modern research and describing representative case studies in experimental research, this part aims at fostering new discussions and stimulating new ideas. All in all, the book provides researchers and graduate students in the field of applied philosophy, epistemology, cognitive science and artificial intelligence alike with an authoritative snapshot of current theories and applications of model-based reasoning.

Perception: First Form of Mind

Author : Tyler Burge
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198871007
Total Pages : 897 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Perception: First Form of Mind by : Tyler Burge

Download or read book Perception: First Form of Mind written by Tyler Burge and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-13 with total page 897 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In Perception: First Form of Mind, Tyler Burge develops an understanding of the most primitive type of representational mind: perception. Focusing on its form, function, and underlying capacities, as indicated in the sciences of perception, Burge provides an account of the representational content and formal representational structure of perceptual states, and develops a formal semantics for them. The account is elaborated by an explanation of how the representational form is embedded in an iconic format. These structures are then situated in current theoretical accounts of the processing of perceptual representations, with an emphasis on the formation of perceptual categorizations. An exploration of the relationship between perception and other primitive capacities-conation, attention, memory, anticipation, affect, learning, and imagining-clarifies the distinction between perceiving, with its associated capacities, and thinking, with its associated capacities. Drawing on a broad range of historical and contemporary research, rather than relying on introspection or ordinary talk about perception, Perception: First Form of Mind is a scientifically rigorous and agenda-setting work in the philosophy of perception and the philosophy of science"--

Spatial Biases in Perception and Cognition

Author : Timothy L. Hubbard
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107154987
Total Pages : 505 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Spatial Biases in Perception and Cognition by : Timothy L. Hubbard

Download or read book Spatial Biases in Perception and Cognition written by Timothy L. Hubbard and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-23 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous spatial biases influence navigation, interactions, and preferences in our environment. This volume considers their influences on perception and memory.

Perceiving in Depth, Volume 2

Author : Ian P. Howard
Publisher : OUP USA
ISBN 13 : 0199764158
Total Pages : 643 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Perceiving in Depth, Volume 2 by : Ian P. Howard

Download or read book Perceiving in Depth, Volume 2 written by Ian P. Howard and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-02-24 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 2 addresses stereoscopic vision. It starts with the physiology of stereoscopic mechanisms. It then deals with binocular rivalry, binocular summation, and interocular transfer. A review of how images are brought into binocular register is followed by a review of stimulus tokens used to detect disparities. Cyclopean effects, such as cyclopean illusions, cyclopean motion, texture segregation, and binocular direction are reviewed. Factors that influence stereoacuity are discussed. Two chapters describe how stimuli in distinct depth planes produce contrast effects, and affect motion perception and whiteness perception. The Pulfrich stereomotion effect and perception of motion in depth are reviewed. The volume ends with a review of applications of stereoscopy.

Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Autonomous Minirobots for Research and Edutainment (AMiRE 2005)

Author : Kazuyuki Murase
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540293442
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Autonomous Minirobots for Research and Edutainment (AMiRE 2005) by : Kazuyuki Murase

Download or read book Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Autonomous Minirobots for Research and Edutainment (AMiRE 2005) written by Kazuyuki Murase and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-16 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains a collection of papers presented at the 3rd Interna tional Symposium on Autonomous Minirobots for Research and Edutainment (AMiRE 2005) that is held at Awara-Spa, Fukui, Japan, September 20-22, 2005. This is a biennial symposium, which started as AMiRE 2001 at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute of the University of Paderborn, Germany, in 2001, and was followed by AMiRE 2003 at Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, in 2003. After these successful symposia, AMiRE 2005 is held under the sponsorship of the Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui and under the co-sponsorship of the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society. It is funded by the Fukui Convention Bureau and the University of Fukui. Each full-length paper submitted to the symposium was independently reviewed by 3 referees from the world's front-line researchers, and 55 papers were accepted for oral presentation. We acknowledge generous support for those who gave excellent reviews in order to maintain the high standards of the symposium despite a very tight schedule.

Cortical Maps: Data and Models

Author : Nick Swindale
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 288976544X
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis Cortical Maps: Data and Models by : Nick Swindale

Download or read book Cortical Maps: Data and Models written by Nick Swindale and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-07-12 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Vision in 3D Environments

Author : Laurence R. Harris
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139497227
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Vision in 3D Environments by : Laurence R. Harris

Download or read book Vision in 3D Environments written by Laurence R. Harris and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-07-07 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological and machine systems exist within a complex and changing three-dimensional world. We appear to have no difficulty understanding this world, but how do we go about forming a perceptual model of it? Centred around three key themes: depth processing and stereopsis; motion and navigation in 3D; and natural scene perception, this volume explores the latest cutting-edge research into the perception of three dimension environments. It features contributions from top researchers in the field, presenting both biological and computational perspectives. Topics covered include binocular perception; blur and perceived depth; stereoscopic motion in depth; and perceiving and remembering the shape of visual space. This unique book will provide students and researchers with an overview of ongoing research as well as perspectives on future developments in the field. Colour versions of a selection of the figures are available at www.cambridge.org/9781107001756.

The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128054093
Total Pages : 5215 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference by :

Download or read book The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-09-30 with total page 5215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference, Second Edition, Seven Volume Set is a comprehensive reference work covering the range of topics that constitute current knowledge of the neural mechanisms underlying the different senses. This important work provides the most up-to-date, cutting-edge, comprehensive reference combining volumes on all major sensory modalities in one set. Offering 264 chapters from a distinguished team of international experts, The Senses lays out current knowledge on the anatomy, physiology, and molecular biology of sensory organs, in a collection of comprehensive chapters spanning 4 volumes. Topics covered include the perception, psychophysics, and higher order processing of sensory information, as well as disorders and new diagnostic and treatment methods. Written for a wide audience, this reference work provides students, scholars, medical doctors, as well as anyone interested in neuroscience, a comprehensive overview of the knowledge accumulated on the function of sense organs, sensory systems, and how the brain processes sensory input. As with the first edition, contributions from leading scholars from around the world will ensure The Senses offers a truly international portrait of sensory physiology. The set is the definitive reference on sensory neuroscience and provides the ultimate entry point into the review and original literature in Sensory Neuroscience enabling students and scientists to delve into the subject and deepen their knowledge. All-inclusive coverage of topics: updated edition offers readers the only current reference available covering neurobiology, physiology, anatomy, and molecular biology of sense organs and the processing of sensory information in the brain Authoritative content: world-leading contributors provide readers with a reputable, dynamic and authoritative account of the topics under discussion Comprehensive-style content: in-depth, complex coverage of topics offers students at upper undergraduate level and above full insight into topics under discussion

The Visual Neuroscience of Robotic Grasping

Author : Eris Chinellato
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319203037
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis The Visual Neuroscience of Robotic Grasping by : Eris Chinellato

Download or read book The Visual Neuroscience of Robotic Grasping written by Eris Chinellato and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-19 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents interdisciplinary research that pursues the mutual enrichment of neuroscience and robotics. Building on experimental work, and on the wealth of literature regarding the two cortical pathways of visual processing - the dorsal and ventral streams - we define and implement, computationally and on a real robot, a functional model of the brain areas involved in vision-based grasping actions. Grasping in robotics is largely an unsolved problem, and we show how the bio-inspired approach is successful in dealing with some fundamental issues of the task. Our robotic system can safely perform grasping actions on different unmodeled objects, denoting especially reliable visual and visuomotor skills. The computational model and the robotic experiments help in validating theories on the mechanisms employed by the brain areas more directly involved in grasping actions. This book offers new insights and research hypotheses regarding such mechanisms, especially for what concerns the interaction between the dorsal and ventral streams. Moreover, it helps in establishing a common research framework for neuroscientists and roboticists regarding research on brain functions.

Computer Vision

Author : Christopher W. Tyler
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439817138
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Computer Vision by : Christopher W. Tyler

Download or read book Computer Vision written by Christopher W. Tyler and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-01-24 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer Vision is the first book to take a full approach to the challenging issue of veridical 3D object representation. It introduces mathematical and conceptual advances that offer an unprecedented framework for analyzing the complex scene structure of the world. Leading theorists cover full 3D scene reconstruction, instead of the simplistic 2D planar algorithms employed in the past. They explore cutting-edge research on computational algorithms for scene analysis and present an integrated, complementary treatment of neural, behavioral, mathematical, and computational approaches. The text includes numerous graphics of complex processes, with many in color.