Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Perception And Production Of Mandarin Tones By Native Speakers And L2 Learners
Download Perception And Production Of Mandarin Tones By Native Speakers And L2 Learners full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Perception And Production Of Mandarin Tones By Native Speakers And L2 Learners ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Perception and Production of Mandarin Tones by Native Speakers and L2 Learners by : Bei Yang
Download or read book Perception and Production of Mandarin Tones by Native Speakers and L2 Learners written by Bei Yang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-10 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tones are the most challenging aspect of learning Chinese as a second language, and L2 learners’ perceptual categories differ in important and fascinating ways from those of native speakers. This book explores the relationship between tone perception and production among native speakers and non-native learners as illustrated in the experiments the author conducted with native speakers, true learners and heritage learners, all of whom were tested on their ability to produce tones naturally and to perceive 81 synthesized tones in various contexts. The experiments show that each group processes tones differently with regard to both register (tonal level) and contour (tonal shape). The results also reveal how three types of cues – acoustic, psychological and contextual – influence non-native speakers’ tone perception and production.
Book Synopsis On the Perception and Production of Mandarin Tones by Adult English-speaking Learners by : Jya-Mei Lu
Download or read book On the Perception and Production of Mandarin Tones by Adult English-speaking Learners written by Jya-Mei Lu and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Second Language Acquisition of Mandarin Chinese Tones by : Hang Zhang
Download or read book Second Language Acquisition of Mandarin Chinese Tones written by Hang Zhang and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2018-07-03 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tones are the most challenging aspect of learning Chinese pronunciation for adult learners and traditional research mostly attributes tonal errors to interference from learners’ native languages. In Second Language Acquisition of Mandarin Chinese Tones, Hang Zhang offers a series of cross-linguistic studies to argue that there are factors influencing tone acquisition that extend beyond the transfer of structures from learners’ first languages, and beyond characteristics extracted from Chinese. These factors include universal phonetic and phonological constraints as well as pedagogical issues. By examining non-native Chinese tone productions made by speakers of non-tonal languages (English, Japanese, and Korean), this book brings together theory and practice and uses the theoretical insights to provide concrete suggestions for teachers and learners of Chinese.
Book Synopsis Speech Perception, Production and Acquisition by : Huei‐Mei Liu
Download or read book Speech Perception, Production and Acquisition written by Huei‐Mei Liu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-14 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses important issues of speech processing and language learning in Chinese. It highlights perception and production of speech in healthy and clinical populations and in children and adults. This book provides diverse perspectives and reviews of cutting-edge research in past decades on how Chinese speech is processed and learned. Along with each chapter, future research directions have been discussed. With these unique features and the broad coverage of topics, this book appeals to not only scholars and students who study speech perception in preverbal infants and in children and adults learning Chinese, but also to teachers with interests in pedagogical applications in teaching Chinese as Second Language.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Musical Aptitude by : Jingzhi Julie Zhu
Download or read book The Effect of Musical Aptitude written by Jingzhi Julie Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study explores the effect of musical aptitude as a combination of innate musical aptitude and learned/trained musical aptitude in tonal perception and tonal production by non-native speakers of Chinese. The study aims to discover whether the musical aptitude of non-native speakers of Chinese helps in their perception and production of Mandarin lexical tones at different stages of learning. Mandarin uses tones to lexically distinguish word meanings, and therefore learning these tones is essential to communication in the language. A number of studies have found that those learning Mandarin as a foreign language have difficulty in perceiving and producing Mandarin lexical tones (Klein, Zatorre, Mikner & Zhao, 2001; Wang et al., 2001a; 2003; Lee et al., 2009). In order to tackle this problem and therefore improve Mandarin learners' learning, researchers have attempted to detect the source of this difficulty. Seven factors were identified, three linguistic factors and four sociolinguistic factors. The former included the categorical nature of tone, the phonetic cues for tone, and the context-dependent nature of tone sandhi; the latter factors included the learners' language experience in the form of bilingualism, the learner's age, foreign language anxiety and the impact of gender (Chao, 1968; Brown, 1980; Hassler et al., 1985; Xu, 1997; Peretz & Coltheart, 2003; Wee, 2008). Among the seven factors, the phonetic cues of Mandarin lexical tones and learners' learning experience in the form of bilingualism remained underspecified in prior studies, and hence became two of the research aims in this study. The findings of the small body of research into another underspecified factor affecting learners' perception and production of Mandarin lexical tones, learners' musical aptitude, have been inconsistent: some investigators found little or no relationship between musical aptitude and L2 learning of tone (e.g. Peoppel, 2001; Anvari et al., 2002), while other investigators have found such a relationship to exist (e.g. Zatorre et al., 2002; Slev & Miyake, 2006; Wong et al., 2007). In order to provide more conclusive evidence in regard to the three above mentioned underspecified factors affecting learners' perception and production of Mandarin lexical tones, the current study provides a more rigorous and precise research design than those adopted in previous studies. During the first stage of the longitudinal study forty-five non-native speakers of Chinese enrolled in the Chinese Stage I course at the University of Auckland were administered a questionnaire, and then tested using an innate MA test, a Mandarin lexical tone listening test (for perception), and a Mandarin lexical tone speaking test (for production). The eleven participants who continued into the later stage of the study again took each of these tests twelve weeks later at the end of their first semester of study. A comparison of the findings of the tests revealed that musical aptitude, defined as a combination of innate musical aptitude and learned/trained musical aptitude, did help non-native speakers of Chinese in their perception and production of Mandarin lexical tones in the early stage of their learning. Particularly, pitch in musical aptitude provided the most advantage in learners' tonal perception, and melody in musical aptitude provided the most advantage in their tonal production. Concurrently, in addition to musical aptitude, learners' language experience in form of bilingualism also played a role in their tonal perception and production. However, the findings also revealed that as learners' tonal training in the formal classroom setting increased, the impact of observed musical aptitude on learners' tonal perception and production became less over time. These findings overall indicate that while musical aptitude may help non-native speakers of Chinese in their perception and production of Mandarin lexical tones during the early stage of their learning, it may not necessarily be as important during the later stages of their learning. This thesis concludes with important insights and significant theoretical, methodological, and pedagogical contributions from this research on the relationship between musical aptitude and Mandarin tones.
Book Synopsis Language Experience in Second Language Speech Learning by : Ocke-Schwen Bohn
Download or read book Language Experience in Second Language Speech Learning written by Ocke-Schwen Bohn and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2007-01-17 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This stimulating collection of articles from leading international researchers provides a state-of-the-art overview of core issues in second language speech perception and production. Aimed at phoneticians, speech scientists, psycholinguists, applied linguists, and pedagogical specialists, it presents engaging discussions of fundamental problems and controversies within the field, as well as new empirical findings arising from a variety of methodological approaches. Its twenty chapters, inspired by the ground-breaking work of James E. Flege, address such topics as the theoretical underpinnings of second language speech learning; the nature and etiology of foreign accents; the effects of age, experience, and training; speech intelligibility; and the acquisition of vowels, consonants, tone, and prosody. This volume will serve as a valuable resource, not only for researchers, but for anyone wishing to gain an understanding of an area of linguistics that is rapidly growing in importance.
Book Synopsis The Development of a Lexical Tone Phonology in American Adult Learners of Standard Mandarin Chinese by : Sylvia Henel Sun
Download or read book The Development of a Lexical Tone Phonology in American Adult Learners of Standard Mandarin Chinese written by Sylvia Henel Sun and published by Natl Foreign Lg Resource Ctr. This book was released on 1998 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study reported in this volume is based on three decades of research on the SLA of Mandarin tone. It investigates whether differences in learners' tone perception and production are related to differences in the effects of certain linguistic, task and learner factors.
Book Synopsis Practice in a Second Language by : Robert DeKeyser
Download or read book Practice in a Second Language written by Robert DeKeyser and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-03-12 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on 'practice' from a theoretical perspective and includes implications for the classroom.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Type of Instruction on the Initial Stages of L2 Perception and Production of Tones in Mandarin Chinese by : Clinton Knight Hendry
Download or read book The Effects of Type of Instruction on the Initial Stages of L2 Perception and Production of Tones in Mandarin Chinese written by Clinton Knight Hendry and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study explored the effects of pronunciation teaching on the L2 acquisition of the four tones that characterize the Mandarin Chinese (MC) tonal system (Qu, 2013): T1: High and level T2: High-rising T3: Low-falling and rising T4: High-fallingResearch indicates that L1 and L2 acquisition of MC tones obeys a developmental sequence suggesting a markedness hierarchy for tones: T1 > T4 > T2 > T3 (Zhang, 2007; where > indicates 2acquired before3 and 2less marked than3). In a study on the acquisition of foreign /s/ + consonant onset clusters (sC; e.g., /st/ in stop) by Brazilian Portuguese speakers, Cardoso (2011a) and Cardoso and Collins (2015) found that students who were taught exclusively the most marked sC acquired all the other clusters, but those who were instructed from least to most marked or all at the same time did not show similar progress. The goal of this study was to apply similar methods to investigate the effects of type of instruction on the acquisition of these tones by L2 learners.Sixty-two participants, selected for their inexperience with tonal languages, were divided into two experimental groups to be instructed Mandarin’s tonal system: one was taught exclusively the most marked tone (T3) during instruction, while the other received instruction in a less marked tone (T4). Both groups were assessed on their ability to perceive and produce the tones they were instructed in and transfer their skills to the other tones. Results indicate that instruction of the most marked tone (T3) is more effective in terms of both accurate perception and production of MC tones. Our discussion highlights the pedagogical implications of our findings, particularly regarding the teaching of items that follow a developmental sequence in L2 phonology.
Book Synopsis The Acquisition of L2 Mandarin Prosody by : Chunsheng Yang
Download or read book The Acquisition of L2 Mandarin Prosody written by Chunsheng Yang and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2016-02-11 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the acquisition of L2 Mandarin prosody, a less explored area in SLA. While acknowledging that tone acquisition is one of the most important aspects in acquiring L2 Mandarin phonology, the book demonstrates that phrase- and utterance-level prosody is equally important. Specifically, this book discusses the acquisition of Mandarin lexical tones and utterance-level prosody, the interaction of tones and intonation, the acquisition of Tone 3 sandhis, the temporal differences between L1 and L2 Mandarin discourse, and the relationship between intelligibility, comprehensibility and foreign accent perception in L2 Chinese. In addition, a whole chapter is exclusively devoted to the pedagogy of L2 Mandarin prosody. Studies in this book further our understanding of speech prosody in L1 and L2 and showcase the interesting interaction of phonetics, phonology, and pedagogy in SLA. This book will be of great interest to SLA researchers and graduate students, applied linguists, Chinese linguists, and Chinese practitioners.
Book Synopsis Production of Mandarin Tones by Intermediate, Advanced and Near-native Second Language Learners and Native Speakers by : Junmei Zhang
Download or read book Production of Mandarin Tones by Intermediate, Advanced and Near-native Second Language Learners and Native Speakers written by Junmei Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Acquisition of Chinese as a Second Language Pronunciation by : Chunsheng Yang
Download or read book The Acquisition of Chinese as a Second Language Pronunciation written by Chunsheng Yang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-22 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first edited book to cover a wide range of issues related to Chinese as a second language (CSL) speech, including tone and segment acquisition and processing, categorical perception of tones, CSL fluency, CSL intelligibility/comprehensibility and accentedness, and pronunciation pedagogy. Moreover, the book addresses both theoretical and pedagogical issues. It offers an essential go-to book for anyone who is interested in CSL speech, e.g. CSL speech researchers, Chinese instructors, CSL learners, and anyone interested in second language speech.
Book Synopsis Second Language Speech Learning by : Ratree Wayland
Download or read book Second Language Speech Learning written by Ratree Wayland and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-04 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Including contributions from a team of world-renowned international scholars, this volume is a state-of-the-art survey of second language speech research, showcasing new empirical studies alongside critical reviews of existing influential speech learning models. It presents a revised version of Flege's Speech Learning Model (SLM-r) for the first time, an update on a cornerstone of second language research. Chapters are grouped into five thematic areas: theoretical progress, segmental acquisition, acquiring suprasegmental features, accentedness and acoustic features, and cognitive and psychological variables. Every chapter provides new empirical evidence, offering new insights as well as challenges on aspects of the second language speech acquisition process. Comprehensive in its coverage, this book summarises the state of current research in second language phonology, and aims to shape and inspire future research in the field. It is an essential resource for academic researchers and students of second language acquisition, applied linguistics and phonetics and phonology.
Book Synopsis Phonetic Knowledge as an Aid to the Perception of Mandarin Tone by Second Language Learners by : Jeffrey Ngare
Download or read book Phonetic Knowledge as an Aid to the Perception of Mandarin Tone by Second Language Learners written by Jeffrey Ngare and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning students of Mandarin Chinese often struggle with the identification of lexical tone. Research indicates that both for native and non-native speakers of tonal languages, the most difficulty is encountered forming an association between the actual pitch contours and their corresponding tonal category. This is especially difficult for Mandarin tones 2 and 3, as their pitch contours are very similar: even native speakers of Mandarin Chinese find the pair confusable (Hao, 2011). In addition, research also shows that vowel height and the presence of a nasal coda also influences perception of Mandarin Chinese tone (Lai and Su, 2011). A successful pilot experiment showed evidence that awareness of the laryngealization that often accompanies the 3rd tone (Kuang, 2013) helped beginner Mandarin Chinese students distinguish between tones 2 and 3 more accurately. Seeking to expand on this finding, the current study to determine if presenting an introduction of the basic phonetics of tone followed by more specific information on the four Mandarin Chinese tones is more helpful to beginning Mandarin Chinese students than not being presented with any phonetic information. Data was gathered by administering a multiple forced choice experiment in Praat (Boersma and Weenik, 2013) where students listened to a two-syllable word and then identified the tone of the second syllable (This is to control for Beijing Mandarin 3rd tone sandhi, where the first of two consecutive 3rd tones becomes a 2nd tone in certain environments). Tokens for the experiment were recorded by a native speaker in a carrier sentence. There were 16 tonal combinations and 4 syllable shape combinations, leading to 64 unique tokens, each of which was heard twice by participants. The results of this experiment were largely inconclusive, showing no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group. This was most likely due to only being able to present all of the phonetic information for 15 minutes in a single class, due to time constraints on the who still graciously allowed the use of his limited class time. A second experiment was conducted specifically distinguishing tone 3, focusing on using laryngealization, tone 3 having the longest duration, and medium to low falling pitch contour in half-tone sandhi. This time, the experimental group not only correctly identified all four tones, but also all four tones were less confusable overall.
Book Synopsis Effects of an Uninstructed Study-abroad Program on L2 Learners' Perceptions of Mandarin Tones by : Lei Xu
Download or read book Effects of an Uninstructed Study-abroad Program on L2 Learners' Perceptions of Mandarin Tones written by Lei Xu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Recent studies of the effects of uninstructed study-abroad programs on learners' acquisition of a second language have yielded inconsistent results (Llanes & Muñoz, 2013; Collentine, 2004; Díaz-Campos, 2004; Wilkinson, 2002). However, few studies have focused on English speakers' perception of Mandarin tones through uninstructed study-abroad programs. Consequently, based on a practical need, this study investigates the extent to which an uninstructed study-abroad program in China could benefit native English speakers' perception of Mandarin tones. Fourteen native English speakers from an American high school were assigned to the treatment group, which attended an 18-day study-abroad program hosted by a local high school in Beijing. During their stay, they had opportunities to receive uninstructed exposure to Mandarin through conversational language classes, volunteer work, and visits to local tourist sights. The 14 student participants comprising the treatment group completed a pretest and a posttest, which entailed a language contact profile, two sets of perception test of Mandarin tones, and two sets of foreign language classroom anxiety scales. During the process of data collection, 24 students from the same school were employed as a comparison group to complete the two sets of perception test of Mandarin tones in order to investigate the test-retest reliability of this perception test.Results revealed that the treatment group displayed significant gains at the posttest in the perception test of Mandarin tones while no significant differences were found within the comparison group. In addition, the treatment group overall significantly outperformed the comparison group at the posttest. The analysis of participants' responses to the items in seven categories of the foreign language classroom anxiety level scales revealed that there was a significant effect of the uninstructed study-abroad context on questions in two categories. The thesis concludes, therefore, by highlighting the positive effects of an uninstructed study-abroad program on learners' perception of Mandarin tones." --
Book Synopsis Native English Speakers' Acquisition of Mandarin Vowels by : Wenhui Zhu
Download or read book Native English Speakers' Acquisition of Mandarin Vowels written by Wenhui Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis investigates the perception and production of Mandarin high and mid vowels: [i], [u], [y], [ɤ], [ɹ̪] and [ɻ] in dental, retroflex and palatal fricative and affricate contexts by adult NZE native-speakers. It is found that factors, such as L1 transfer, L2 experience and markedness all influence the perception and production of target Mandarin vowels by learners. The perceptual categorization of target vowels is assessed with a cross-language perceptual mapping task by 11 naïve speakers of NZE; the perceptual identification and discrimination of target vowels are examined with an identification task completed by 19 learners with medium or low Mandarin experience. The results of the two tasks indicate that the way two Mandarin vowels are categorized into NZE vowels determines the perceptual discrimination between the two Mandarin vowels by learners exactly as the Perceptual Assimilation Model (PAM) (Best, 1995; Best & Tyler, 2007) predicts. Mandarin [i] is assimilated as a good instance to the NZE category /i/, while Mandarin [y] and [u] are both assimilated as only fair instances to the NZE category /u/. This leads to a high level of inaccuracy in discrimination by learners for the Mandarin contrast [u]-[y], but not for [i]-[u] or [i]-[y]. The three mid vowels [ɤ], [ɹ̪] and [ɻ] are not categorized into any NZE vowel category, the discriminations between two uncategorized vowels [ɤ] and [ɹ̪], [ɤ] and [ɻ] are difficult, but learners can easily discriminate [ɹ̪] from [ɻ]. This is probably because [ɹ̪] and [ɻ] are in complementary distribution and their preceding consonants may provide additional clues for learners to tell them apart. L2 experience plays a significant role in the perceptual identification accuracy for vowels [y], [u], [ɤ] but not for [i] as the Speech Learning Model (SLM) (Flege, 1995) predicts. SLM proposes that L2 experience has a more obvious effect on L2 sounds which are perceptually less similar to L1 sounds than L2 sounds which are perceptually more similar to L1 sounds. Vowels [y], [u], [ɤ] with at best a fair fit are less similar vowels in SLM, [i] with a good fit is a more similar vowel in SLM. However, language experience does not play a significant role in the perception of the less similar vowels [ɹ̪] and [ɻ]. This can be explained by the high markedness of these two phones which delay the influence of L2 experience. The production of Mandarin vowels is assessed with interpretations by NS judges and an acoustic analysis. The interpretation indicates there is no significant difference in the production of target vowels by learners with more or less experience, however the acoustic analysis shows there are statistically significant acoustic differences in the production of all target vowels by learners with more or less experience of Mandarin; with the production by more advanced learners being closer to Native speaker targets. Although there is a significant correlation between the overall perception and production for all target vowels and all learners, there is no consistent and statistically significant relationship between the perception and production of each target vowel and each learner.
Book Synopsis The Production and Identification of Mandarin Tones in Context by : Meng Liu
Download or read book The Production and Identification of Mandarin Tones in Context written by Meng Liu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the thesis is to study the acoustic variation of Mandarin tones produced in context by native Mandarin speakers (Study I) and how these acoustic variations of Mandarin tones influence L2 learners' identification of Mandarin tones (Study II). Study I revealed that both F0 contour and F0 height of the two tone sequence of disyllabic non words from L1 Chinese were influenced by both syllable position and tonal context (conflicting/compatible context). Study II tested the identification of Mandarin tones by L1 English learners of Chinese in both monosyllable and two tone sequence of disyllabic non-words by using DMDX (a software for the experimental control and timing of stimulus display); in terms of how accuracy rates, identification sensitivity, error patterns, and reaction times are influenced by tonal context, syllable position, and learning experience.
