Patient Adherence To Medical Treatment Regimens

Download Patient Adherence To Medical Treatment Regimens full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Patient Adherence To Medical Treatment Regimens ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Patient Adherence to Medical Treatment Regimens

Author : Alan J. Christensen
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780300103496
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Patient Adherence to Medical Treatment Regimens by : Alan J. Christensen

Download or read book Patient Adherence to Medical Treatment Regimens written by Alan J. Christensen and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The single most important public health problem facing physicians today may be the failure of patients to follow their prescribed treatment regimens, a phenomenon that results in treatment failures, increased morbidity and mortality, and enormous burdens to society and the economy. This book focuses on the many factors that influence adherence behavior and discusses how this behavior can be improved. Drawing on data from social, personality, clinical, and health psychology, a leading authority on the subject examines the psychosocial, demographic, contextual, and provider determinants of patient compliance with physician recommendations and stresses their multiplicative influence. Alan J. Christensen presents several theories to account for this behavior and then offers his own new interactional framework, one that applies broader fundamental theorizing about psychological and behavior change to the problem and thereby sheds new light on efforts to promote adherence.

Health Behavior Change and Treatment Adherence

Author : Leslie R. Martin
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0195380401
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Health Behavior Change and Treatment Adherence by : Leslie R. Martin

Download or read book Health Behavior Change and Treatment Adherence written by Leslie R. Martin and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2010 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title synthesizes the results from more than 50 years of empirical research, resulting in simple, powerful, and practical guidance for health professionals who want to know the most effective strategies for helping their clients to put long-term health-relevant behaviour changes into practice.

Adherence to Long-term Therapies

Author : Eduardo Sabaté
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9789241545990
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (459 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Adherence to Long-term Therapies by : Eduardo Sabaté

Download or read book Adherence to Long-term Therapies written by Eduardo Sabaté and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2003 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is based on an exhaustive review of the published literature on the definitions, measurements, epidemiology, economics and interventions applied to nine chronic conditions and risk factors.

Improving Patient Treatment Adherence

Author : Hayden Bosworth
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441958665
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Improving Patient Treatment Adherence by : Hayden Bosworth

Download or read book Improving Patient Treatment Adherence written by Hayden Bosworth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-03 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite its direct effect on a patient’s health, the literature on treatment adherence does not yet include a summary of proven methods for identifying and addressing patient non-adherence. Improving Patient Treatment Adherence Across Multiple Behaviors: A Clinician's Guide differs significantly from many treatment adherence books on the market by focusing on clinicians and the practical tactics they need to improve patient adherence. The book is orgnaized by behavior and special issues as opposed to other texts, which look at treatment adherence as a theoretical concept. Each chapter provides a summary of existing literature regarding the impact of patient non-adherence, including costs, clinical outcomes and health-related quality of life, as well as a review of patient factors related to treatment adherence across behaviors, diseases, and special populations. A discussion of methods for improving treatment adherence takes a look at both proven methods and new technological advances in the field. Each chapter includes a table listing 3-5 key bullets that a clinician could use to address treatment adherence. Actual questions and scoring algorithms for widely used measures of treatment adherence make this book a useful guide for practicing clinicans.

The Wiley Handbook of Healthcare Treatment Engagement

Author : Andrew Hadler
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119129524
Total Pages : 550 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Wiley Handbook of Healthcare Treatment Engagement by : Andrew Hadler

Download or read book The Wiley Handbook of Healthcare Treatment Engagement written by Andrew Hadler and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-30 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Against a global backdrop of problematic adherence to medical treatment, this volume addresses and provides practical solutions to the simple question: “Why don’t patients take treatments that could save their lives?” The Wiley handbook of Healthcare Treatment Engagement offers a guide to the theory, research and clinical practice of promoting patient engagement in healthcare treatment at individual, organizational and systems levels. The concept of treatment engagement, as explained within the text, promotes a broader view than the related concept of treatment adherence. Treatment engagement encompasses more readily the lifestyle factors which may impact healthcare outcomes as much as medication-taking, as well as practical, economic and cultural factors which may determine access to treatment. Over a span of 32 chapters, an international panel of expert authors address this far-reaching and fascinating field, describing a broad range of evidence-based approaches which stand to improve clinical services and treatment outcomes, as well as the experience of users of healthcare service and practitioners alike. This comprehensive volume adopts an interdisciplinary approach to offer an understanding of the factors governing our healthcare systems and the motivations and behaviors of patients, clinicians and organizations. Presented in a user-friendly format for quick reference, the text first supports the reader’s understanding by exploring background topics such as the considerable impact of sub-optimal treatment adherence on healthcare outcomes, before describing practical clinical approaches to promote engagement in treatment, including chapters referring to specific patient populations. The text recognizes the support which may be required throughout the depth of each healthcare organization to promote patient engagement, and in the final section of the book, describes approaches to inform the development of healthcare services with which patients will be more likely to seek to engage. This important book: Provides a comprehensive summary of practical approaches developed across a wide range of clinical settings, integrating research findings and clinical literature from a variety of disciplines Introduces and compliments existing approaches to improve communication in healthcare settings and promote patient choice in planning treatment Presents a range of proven clinical solutions that will appeal to those seeking to improve outcomes on a budget Written for health professionals from all disciplines of clinical practice, as well as service planners and policy makers, The Wiley Handbook of Healthcare Treatment Engagement is a comprehensive guide for individual practitioners and organizations alike.

Compliance in Health Care

Author : R. Brian Haynes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 542 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Compliance in Health Care by : R. Brian Haynes

Download or read book Compliance in Health Care written by R. Brian Haynes and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Promoting Treatment Adherence

Author : William T. O'Donohue
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 9781412944823
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (448 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Promoting Treatment Adherence by : William T. O'Donohue

Download or read book Promoting Treatment Adherence written by William T. O'Donohue and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2006-07-07 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Nazi Germany, the cult of celebrity was the embodiment of Hitler s style of cultural governance. Hitler s rise to power owed much to the creation of his own celebrity, and the country s greatest stars, whether they were actors, writers, or musicians, could be one of only two things. If they were compliant, they were lauded and awarded status symbols for the regime; but if they resisted or were simply Jewish they were traitors to be interned and murdered. This fascinating analysis offers a shocking portrait of a Hitler shaped by aspirations to Hollywood-style fame, of the correlation between art and ambition, of films used as weapons, and of sexual predilections. The Fuhrer believed he was an artist, not a politician, and in his Germany politics and culture became one. His celebrity was cultivated and nurtured by Joseph Goebbels, Germany s supreme head of culture. Hitler and Goebbels enjoyed the company of beautiful female film stars, and Goebbels had his own casting couch. In Germany s version of Hollywood there were scandals, starlets, secret agents, premieres, and party politics. The Third Reich would launch filmmaker and actress Leni Riefenstahl to prominence by making her its own glorifying documentarian, most famously in The Triumph of the Will, the innovative propaganda film starring Hitler and widely considered to be one of the greatest movies ever made. It is no coincidence that Eva Braun, Hitler s longtime partner and wife for the two days leading up to their joint suicide, was a photographer, and in fact shot most of the surviving photographs and film footage of her lover. This book reveals previously unpublished information about the Hitler film, which Goebbels envisaged as the greatest story ever told, although it was ultimately trumped by the dictator s own, real-life Wagnerian finale.

Health Literacy

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309133319
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Health Literacy by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Health Literacy written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-06-29 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To maintain their own health and the health of their families and communities, consumers rely heavily on the health information that is available to them. This information is at the core of the partnerships that patients and their families forge with today's complex modern health systems. This information may be provided in a variety of forms â€" ranging from a discussion between a patient and a health care provider to a health promotion advertisement, a consent form, or one of many other forms of health communication common in our society. Yet millions of Americans cannot understand or act upon this information. To address this problem, the field of health literacy brings together research and practice from diverse fields including education, health services, and social and cultural sciences, and the many organizations whose actions can improve or impede health literacy. Health Literacy: Prescription to End Confusion examines the body of knowledge that applies to the field of health literacy, and recommends actions to promote a health literate society. By examining the extent of limited health literacy and the ways to improve it, we can improve the health of individuals and populations.

Adherence to Pediatric Medical Regimens

Author : Michael A. Rapoff
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 058537581X
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (853 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Adherence to Pediatric Medical Regimens by : Michael A. Rapoff

Download or read book Adherence to Pediatric Medical Regimens written by Michael A. Rapoff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-23 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. It is incumbent on medical providers that they are asking patients to - here to regimens with demonstrated eficacy, Providers need to remind themselves of the Hippocratic oath: "I will follow that system of regimen which, according to my ability and judgment, I consider for the benefit ofmy patients, and abstain from whatever is deleterious and mischievous" (as cited in Cassell, 199 1, p. 145). 2. Providers need to abandon the "blame and shame" approach to dealing with medical adherence problems. It is tempting to blame patients for adherence failures and shame them into changing their behavior. Providers need to share the blame (or better yet omit blame) and look at their own attitudes and behaviors that impact adherence. For example, failing to simplify regimens or minimize negative side effects can adversely impact patient adherence. 3. Patients and their families are no longer (or maybe were never) satisfied with apassive role in their health care. In fact, the tern compliance lost favor in the literature because it implied for some an authoritarian approach to health care that required unquestioned obedience by patients to provider recommendations (DiMatteo & DiNicola, 1982). Comprehensive and effective health care requires a cooperative relationship between providers and patients and their families. It also acknowledges the following realities, particularly for treating persons with chronic illness: "Doctors do not treat chronic illnesses. The chronically ill treat themselves with the help of their physicians; the physician is part of the treatment.

Handbook of Health Behavior Research II

Author : David S. Gochman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489917608
Total Pages : 535 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Handbook of Health Behavior Research II by : David S. Gochman

Download or read book Handbook of Health Behavior Research II written by David S. Gochman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 2 discusses the relationship between patient and caregiver in terms of structural and interactional determinants. The impact of provider characteristics on "compliance" and "adherence" is given especially noteworthy treatment. Each volume features extensive supplementary and integrative material prepared by the editor, the detailed index to the entire four-volume set, and a glossary of health behavior terminology.

Adherence and Self-Management in Pediatric Populations

Author : Avani C. Modi
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128160012
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Adherence and Self-Management in Pediatric Populations by : Avani C. Modi

Download or read book Adherence and Self-Management in Pediatric Populations written by Avani C. Modi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-01-06 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adherence and Self-Management in Pediatric Populations addresses the contemporary theories, evidence-based assessments, and intervention approaches for common pediatric chronic illnesses. An introductory chapter summarizes the state of the field and provides a general foundation in adherence and self-management. Subsequent chapters focus on specific diseases, ensuring that the scope of knowledge contained therein is current and thorough, especially as the assessments and interventions can be specific to each disease. Case examples are included within each chapter to illustrate the application of these approaches. The book ends with an emerging areas chapter to illuminate the future of adherence science and clinical work. This book will be extremely helpful to professionals beginning to treat youth with suboptimal adherence or for those who conduct adherence research. Experts in the field will benefit from the synthesized literature to aid in clinical decision-making and advancing adherence science. Organized by disease for quick reference Provides case examples to illustrate concepts Incorporates technology-focused measurement and intervention approaches (mobile and electronic health) throughout

Improving Medication Adherence

Author : Shawn C. Shea
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN 13 : 9780781796224
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (962 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Improving Medication Adherence by : Shawn C. Shea

Download or read book Improving Medication Adherence written by Shawn C. Shea and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2006 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written for physicians, nurses, physician assistants, case managers, and clinical pharmacists, this pioneering book is the first of its kind devoted to the delicate interface between clinical interviewing and medication adherence. Shawn Christopher Shea, MD takes the reader on a compelling and eminently practical exploration of how our words powerfully impact on whether or not patients are interested in taking medications and staying on them. Dr. Shea shares over forty specific interviewing techniques that are equally useful for medications for all disease states from hypertension, diabetes, and CHF to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The interviewing tips—brilliantly illustrated with their exact phrasings and all of their clinical nuances—were culled by Dr. Shea from the input of the thousands of front-line clinicians who have attended his popular workshops on "improving medication interest" given throughout the United States and Canada at over 200 locations. Improving Medication Adherence: How to Talk with Patients About Their Medications is a standout favorite with medical and nursing students in their "Introduction to Clinical Skills" courses because of its immediate practicality, eloquent yet disarmingly witty writing style, and remarkable brevity. It is equally appreciated by seasoned clinicians with years of experience who, as Dr. Shea writes, are keenly aware that "our science is always at its best, when it is held in the hands of compassion and enhanced by clinical skill."

Patient Treatment Adherence

Author : Hayden B. Bosworth
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135616442
Total Pages : 588 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Patient Treatment Adherence by : Hayden B. Bosworth

Download or read book Patient Treatment Adherence written by Hayden B. Bosworth and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2006-04-21 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new book summarizes the adherence literature for a number of specific health behaviors and populations. It provides a comprehensive source on the conceptualization, interventions, and measurement of treatment adherence and a synthesis of the research across demographic and chronic diseases. The text presents problems associated with treatment adherence; theoretical models that have commonly been used to understand, predict, and/or improve adherence; adherence with specific behaviors including exercise, diet, rehabilitation, medication, and psychological therapies; and strategies in enhancing adherence. Because chronic diseases involve similar behaviors, the handbook is organized by specific behaviors and special populations, and not by disease. Every chapter is sub-organized by specific diseases to ensure easy access for the readers and features a discussion of adherence across demographic and chronic conditions, a review of previous interventions directed at the particular behavior or population, questions and scoring algorithms for widely used measures of treatment adherence, a discussion of the clinical research, and where appropriate, policy implications. Patient Treatment Adherence addresses: practical recommendations to improve adherence; the impact of non-adherence including costs and health-related quality of life; methodological issues such as assessing cost-effectiveness; and the use of technological advances to improve adherence. Intended for health service professionals, health, clinical, social, and cognitive psychologists, primary care physicians, pharmacists, and policy-makers, this text is also an excellent resource for graduate courses on health psychology and public health.

Analytical Chemistry for Assessing Medication Adherence

Author : Sangeeta Tanna
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 012805459X
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Analytical Chemistry for Assessing Medication Adherence by : Sangeeta Tanna

Download or read book Analytical Chemistry for Assessing Medication Adherence written by Sangeeta Tanna and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The lack of adherence to medication is a growing public health problem worldwide and is costing many patients their good health and healthcare systems billions of dollars. A new volume in the Emerging Issues in Analytical Chemistry series, Analytical Chemistry for Assessing Medication Adherence introduces the concept of medication adherence/compliance and reports international perspectives on medication adherence while highlighting its importance. It then describes the opportunities for analytical chemistry to assess medication adherence and thereby provide an evidence base for clinicians to improve patient health outcomes. The authors highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each of the analytical techniques cited in addition to categorizing the findings in terms of the biological samples used to assess adherence and identifying methods to extract biological samples prior to analysis. The final chapter provides the authors’ perspective in this area, emphasising the importance of medication optimization for individual patients. The Emerging Issues in Analytical Chemistry series is published in partnership with RTI International and edited by Brian F. Thomas. Please be sure to check out our other featured volumes: Thomas, Brian F. and ElSohly, Mahmoud. The Analytical Chemistry of Cannabis: Quality Assessment, Assurance, and Regulation of Medicinal Marijuana and Cannabinoid Preparations, 9780128046463, December 2015. Hackney, Anthony C. Exercise, Sport, and Bioanalytical Chemistry: Principles and Practice, 9780128092064, March 2016. Rao, Vikram, Knight, Rob, and Stoner, Brian. Sustainable Shale Oil and Gas: Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Geochemistry Methods, 9780128103890, forthcoming September 2016. Farsalinos, Konstantinos, et al. Analytical Assessment of e-Cigarettes: From Contents to Chemical and Particle Exposure Profiles, 9780128112410, forthcoming November 2016. Surveys the strengths, weaknesses, and appropriateness of existing instruments and techniques and points the way toward a program of therapeutic optimization Brings together data scattered amongst professional journals and other sources in a single convenient volume Presents the problem of adherence and the authors’ evaluation of possible solutions based on the analysis of patient bio-samples

Handbook of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings

Author : Ronald H. Rozensky
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461537924
Total Pages : 636 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Handbook of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings by : Ronald H. Rozensky

Download or read book Handbook of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings written by Ronald H. Rozensky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For two decades, I have been responding to questions about the nature of health psychology and how it differs from medical psychology, behavioral medicine, and clinical psychology. From the beginning, I have taken the position that any applica tion of psychological theory or practice to problems and issues of the health system is health psychology. I have repeatedly used an analogy to Newell and Simon's "General Problem Solver" program of the late 1950s and early 1960s, which had two major functional parts, in addition to the "executive" component. One was the "problem-solving core" (the procedural competence); the other was the representa tion of the "problem environment. " In the analogy, the concepts, knowledge, and techniques of psychology constitute the core competence; the health system in all its complexity is the problem environment. A health psychologist is one whose basic competence in psychology is augmented by a working knowledge of some aspect of the health system. Quite apparently, there are functionally distinct aspects of health psychology to the degree that there are meaningful subdivisions in psychological competence and significantly different microenvironments within the health system. I hesitate to refer to them as areas of specialization, as the man who gave health psychology its formal definition, Joseph Matarazzo, has said that there are no specialties in psychology (cited in the editors' preface to this book).

Promoting Treatment Adherence

Author : William T. O'Donohue
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1412944821
Total Pages : 473 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (129 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Promoting Treatment Adherence by : William T. O'Donohue

Download or read book Promoting Treatment Adherence written by William T. O'Donohue and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2006-07-07 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Nazi Germany, the cult of celebrity was the embodiment of Hitler s style of cultural governance. Hitler s rise to power owed much to the creation of his own celebrity, and the country s greatest stars, whether they were actors, writers, or musicians, could be one of only two things. If they were compliant, they were lauded and awarded status symbols for the regime; but if they resisted or were simply Jewish they were traitors to be interned and murdered. This fascinating analysis offers a shocking portrait of a Hitler shaped by aspirations to Hollywood-style fame, of the correlation between art and ambition, of films used as weapons, and of sexual predilections. The Fuhrer believed he was an artist, not a politician, and in his Germany politics and culture became one. His celebrity was cultivated and nurtured by Joseph Goebbels, Germany s supreme head of culture. Hitler and Goebbels enjoyed the company of beautiful female film stars, and Goebbels had his own casting couch. In Germany s version of Hollywood there were scandals, starlets, secret agents, premieres, and party politics. The Third Reich would launch filmmaker and actress Leni Riefenstahl to prominence by making her its own glorifying documentarian, most famously in The Triumph of the Will, the innovative propaganda film starring Hitler and widely considered to be one of the greatest movies ever made. It is no coincidence that Eva Braun, Hitler s longtime partner and wife for the two days leading up to their joint suicide, was a photographer, and in fact shot most of the surviving photographs and film footage of her lover. This book reveals previously unpublished information about the Hitler film, which Goebbels envisaged as the greatest story ever told, although it was ultimately trumped by the dictator s own, real-life Wagnerian finale.

Naturopathic Physical Medicine

Author : Leon Chaitow
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0443103909
Total Pages : 594 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (431 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Naturopathic Physical Medicine by : Leon Chaitow

Download or read book Naturopathic Physical Medicine written by Leon Chaitow and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2008-05-30 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NATUROPATHIC PHYSICAL MEDICINE provides a philosophical naturopathic perspective, as well as practical clinical applications, for manual and physical approaches to health care. A wide range of bodywork and movement approaches and modalities are evaluated in relation to their ability to be appropriately used in naturopathic treatment and rehabilitation settings. The model of care emphasised in this text recognizes that naturopathically oriented therapeutic interventions usually focus on achieving one or all of the following: enhancement of function so that the person, system or part, can better self-regulate in response to adaptive demands; modification or removal of adaptive load factors; and symptomatic relief without creation of significant additional adaptive changes.