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Pathophysiology Of The Enteric Nervous System
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Book Synopsis Pathophysiology of the Enteric Nervous System by : Robin Spiller
Download or read book Pathophysiology of the Enteric Nervous System written by Robin Spiller and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few years there have been huge advances made in our understanding of the interactions between the brain and the gut – the enteric nervous system. This book is particularly relevant in the understanding, diagnosis and management of irritable bowel syndrome – the most common functional disorder of the bowel. IBS has been diagnosed in 10-20% of adults in the US, and symptoms of IBS are responsible for more than 3 million visits to the physician in the US. This book is aimed at specialist gastroenterologists but also should be of interest for trainees and fellows in gastroenterology, as well as PCPs and GPs with an interest in this subject.
Book Synopsis The Enteric Nervous System by : John Barton Furness
Download or read book The Enteric Nervous System written by John Barton Furness and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pathophysiology of the Enteric Nervous System by : Robin C. Spiller
Download or read book Pathophysiology of the Enteric Nervous System written by Robin C. Spiller and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Enteric Nervous System by : John Barton Furness
Download or read book The Enteric Nervous System written by John Barton Furness and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers all aspects of the structure, function, neurochemistry,transmitter identification and development of the enteric nervoussystem This book brings together extensive knowledge of the structureand cell physiology of the enteric nervous system and provides anup-to-date synthesis of the roles of the enteric nervous system inthe control of motility, secretion and blood supply in thegastrointestinal tract. It includes sections on the enteric nervous system in disease,genetic abnormalities that affect enteric nervous system function,and targets for therapy in the enteric nervous system. It alsoincludes many newly created explanatory diagrams and illustrationsof the organization of enteric nerve circuits. This new book is ideal for gastroenterologists (includingtrainees/fellows), clinical physiologists and educators. It isinvaluable for the many scientists in academia, research institutesand industry who have been drawn to work on the gastrointestinalinnervation because of its intrinsic interest, its economicimportance and its involvement in unsolved health problems. It alsoprovides a valuable resource for undergraduate and graduateteaching.
Book Synopsis Enteric Glia by : Brian D. Gulbransen
Download or read book Enteric Glia written by Brian D. Gulbransen and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex neural network embedded in the gut wall that orchestrates the reflex behaviors of the intestine. The ENS is often referred to as the “little brain” in the gut because the ENS is more similar in size, complexity and autonomy to the central nervous system (CNS) than other components of the autonomic nervous system. Like the brain, the ENS is composed of neurons that are surrounded by glial cells. Enteric glia are a unique type of peripheral glia that are similar to astrocytes of the CNS. Yet enteric glial cells also differ from astrocytes in many important ways. The roles of enteric glial cell populations in the gut are beginning to come to light and recent evidence implicates enteric glia in almost every aspect of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. However, elucidating the exact mechanisms by which enteric glia influence gastrointestinal physiology and identifying how those roles are altered during gastrointestinal pathophysiology remain areas of intense research. The purpose of this e-book is to provide an introduction to enteric glial cells and to act as a resource for ongoing studies on this fascinating population of glia. Table of Contents: Introduction / A Historical Perspective on Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia: The Astroglia of the Gut / Molecular Composition of Enteric Glia / Development of Enteric Glia / Functional Roles of Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia and Disease Processes in the Gut / Concluding Remarks / References / Author Biography
Book Synopsis The Enteric Nervous System by : Stuart Brierley
Download or read book The Enteric Nervous System written by Stuart Brierley and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-05 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly 30 years ago, a number of scientists working on the Enteric Nervous System (ENS) gathered at Flinders University, in Adelaide, Australia to discuss the advances and future of their research. It was a friendly and stimulating meeting, attended by most of the major players, in what was to become the discipline of ‘Neurogastroenterology'. In 2014, the main Australasian Neuroscience Society meeting was held in Adelaide, Australia, providing the perfect opportunity to recreate a follow-up ENS meeting. As such, the ‘ENS II 2014 meeting’ aimed to identify how far the field of enteric neuroscience had developed, where the future was heading, and what technological advances had been made to address current and future unresolved questions. 30 speakers from around the world were invited to give talks and revisit the original expectations, the advances made since, and the future directions of ENS research. These discussions included three generations of investigators from 7 different countries. This publication represents the majority of proceedings from the ‘The Enteric Nervous System II 2014’ conference, which was held on February 1st - 2nd 2014 at the National Wine Centre of Australia, Adelaide. This meeting was an Official satellite meeting of the 34th Annual Meeting of Australasian Neuroscience Society, which was also held in Adelaide. The 20 contributions contained within this submission are from international researchers in the field of the ENS, who reviewed the advances made since the first meeting in the early 1980s and summarizes the present and future perspectives of neuro-gastroenterology. Some colleagues could not attend but did send greetings and their messages are included in these proceedings.
Book Synopsis Enteric Nervous System by : Jackie D. Wood
Download or read book Enteric Nervous System written by Jackie D. Wood and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2011-08-01 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Minute-to-minute behavior of the alimentary tract reflects the integrated functioning of the gut's musculature, secretory glands and blood–lymphatic vasculature. Activity of the three effector systems to generate functionally effective patterns of behavior, which are adaptive for differing digestive states, is organized and coordinated by the enteric nervous system (i.e., the brain-in-the-gut). The heuristic model for the enteric nervous system (ENS) is the same as for all integrative nervous systems, whether in vertebrate or invertebrate animals. Like other integrative nervous systems, such as the spinal cord and brain stem, the ENS functions with sensory neurons, interneurons and motor neurons. That the gut does not work without the ENS can be made as an absolute statement. This is apparent in its absence in terminal regions of the large intestine in Hirschsprung's disease in humans and animals where it is reflected by dysfunctional motility, failure of defecation and proximal fecal compaction within a proximal megacolon. Autoimmune ablation of the ENS in the lower esophageal sphincter underlies the pathophysiology of achalasia. Furthermore, neuropathic degeneration of ENS neurons in irritable bowel syndrome, other functional gastrointestinal disorders, intestinal pseudoobstruction, Chagas disease, paraneoplastic syndrome and enteric ganglionitis, underlies the morbidity associated with these disorders. The impact of these clinical disorders on quality of life and cost of health care is a reminder of the importance of the ENS for a normally functioning gut. Moreover, our incomplete understanding of the pathobiology of these disorders highlights a need for research directed to expansion of current knowledge of the neurobiology of the ENS at all levels of organization from the cellular biology of individual neurons to the biophysics of integrated networks to whole organ behavior. Investigation of the normal and disordered ENS and its interactions with the central nervous system is a branch of neurogastroenterology. Neurogastroenterology is a scientific and clinical subspecialty of gastroenterology that deals with the neural mechanisms that influence function of the digestive tract and that underlie projection of conscious sensations to the gut. Table of Contents: Introduction / Historical Perspective / Heuistic Model / Microanatomy / Sensory Neurophysiology / Interneurons / Enteric Motor Neurons / Disinhibitory Motor Disorders / Neuronal Electrical Behavior / Synaptic Transmission / Organ Level Integration / Gastric Motor Integration / Integrated Control of the Small and Large Intestines / Plasticity in the ENS / Small Intestine Motility / Defecation / References
Book Synopsis Neural Control of Gastrointestinal Function by : David Grundy
Download or read book Neural Control of Gastrointestinal Function written by David Grundy and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011-12 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gastrointestinal tract is a long, muscular tube responsible for the digestion of food, assimilation of nutrients and elimination of waste. This is achieved by secretion of digestive enzymes and absorption from the intestinal lumen, with different regions playing specific roles in the processing of specific nutrients. These regions come into play sequentially as ingested material is moved along the length of the GI tract by contractions of the muscle layers. In some regions like the oesophagus transit it rapid and measured in seconds while in others like the colon transit is measured in hours and even days, commensurate with the relative slow fermentation that takes place in the large bowel. An hierarchy of controls, neural and endocrine, serve to regulate the various cellular targets that exist in the gut wall. These include muscle cells for contraction and epithelial cells for secretion and absorption. However, there are complex interactions between these digestive mechanisms and other mechanisms that regulate blood flow, immune function, endocrine secretion and food intake. These ensure a fine balance between the ostensibly conflicting tasks of digestion and absorption and protection from potentially harmful ingested materials. They match assimilation of nutrients with hunger and satiety and they ensure that regions of the GI tract that are meters apart work together in a coordinated fashion to match these diverse functions to the digestive needs of the individual. This ebook will provide an overview of the neural mechanisms that control gastrointestinal function. Table of Contents: Neural Control of Gastrointestinal Function / Cells and Tissues / Enteric Nervous System / From Gut to CNS: Extrinsic Sensory Innervation / Sympathetic Innervation of the Gut / Parasympathetic Innervation of the Gut / Integration of Function / References
Book Synopsis Anatomy and Physiology by : J. Gordon Betts
Download or read book Anatomy and Physiology written by J. Gordon Betts and published by . This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Second Brain by : Michael D. Gershon
Download or read book The Second Brain written by Michael D. Gershon and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2019-05-21 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Persuasive, impassioned. . . hopeful news [for those] suffering from functional bowel disease.” — New York Times Book Review Dr. Michael Gershon’s groundbreaking book fills the gap between what you need to know—and what your doctor has time to tell you. Dr. Michael Gershon has devoted his career to understanding the human bowel (the stomach, esophagus, small intestine, and colon). His thirty years of research have led to an extraordinary rediscovery: nerve cells in the gut that act as a brain. This "second brain" can control our gut all by itself. Our two brains—the one in our head and the one in our bowel—must cooperate. If they do not, then there is chaos in the gut and misery in the head—everything from "butterflies" to cramps, from diarrhea to constipation. Dr. Gershon's work has led to radical new understandings about a wide range of gastrointestinal problems including gastroenteritis, nervous stomach, and irritable bowel syndrome. The Second Brain represents a quantum leap in medical knowledge and is already benefiting patients whose symptoms were previously dismissed as neurotic or "it's all in your head."
Book Synopsis Colonic Motility by : Sushil K. Sarna
Download or read book Colonic Motility written by Sushil K. Sarna and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three distinct types of contractions perform colonic motility functions. Rhythmic phasic contractions (RPCs) cause slow net distal propulsion with extensive mixing/turning over. Infrequently occurring giant migrating contractions (GMCs) produce mass movements. Tonic contractions aid RPCs in their motor function. The spatiotemporal patterns of these contractions differ markedly. The amplitude and distance of propagation of a GMC are several-fold larger than those of an RPC. The enteric neurons and smooth muscle cells are the core regulators of all three types of contractions. The regulation of contractions by these mechanisms is modifiable by extrinsic factors: CNS, autonomic neurons, hormones, inflammatory mediators, and stress mediators. Only the GMCs produce descending inhibition, which accommodates the large bolus being propelled without increasing muscle tone. The strong compression of the colon wall generates afferent signals that are below nociceptive threshold in healthy subjects. However, these signals become nociceptive; if the amplitudes of GMCs increase, afferent nerves become hypersensitive, or descending inhibition is impaired. The GMCs also provide the force for rapid propulsion of feces and descending inhibition to relax the internal anal sphincter during defecation. The dysregulation of GMCs is a major factor in colonic motility disorders: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diverticular disease (DD). Frequent mass movements by GMCs cause diarrhea in diarrhea predominant IBS, IBD, and DD, while a decrease in the frequency of GMCs causes constipation. The GMCs generate the afferent signals for intermittent short-lived episodes of abdominal cramping in these disorders. Epigenetic dysregulation due to adverse events in early life is one of the major factors in generating the symptoms of IBS in adulthood.
Book Synopsis Innervation of the Gastrointestinal Tract by : Simon Brookes
Download or read book Innervation of the Gastrointestinal Tract written by Simon Brookes and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-08-27 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The long tube that makes up the gastrointestinal tract is composed of a variety of tissue types and is the largest internal organ of the body. Its main function is to digest food and absorb the released nutrients. Furthermore, it is subdivided into functionally distinct regions that each mediate one of a variety of actions upon the food consumed, including ingestion, propulsion, secretion, digestion, absorption and expulsion. Autonomic neuronal circuitry is intimately involved in controlling many of these multiple functions of the gut, making it an appealing subject for the study of neuroscientists. This book reviews the state of current knowledge on the innervation of the gut by the enteric nervous system, and its interface with the extrinsic innervation, from a number of different perspectives, with the aim of providing a comprehensive and accessible account of the subject.
Book Synopsis Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders by : Prem Puri
Download or read book Hirschsprung's Disease and Allied Disorders written by Prem Puri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-23 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the third edition of a comprehensive study of the neuronal disorders of the lower gastrointestinal tract in children. Important new studies and progress in research on bowel motility and motility disorders are covered in detail as well as new aspects concerning the embryology, functional anatomy of the enteric nervous system. In particular new insights have been received from the studies in the genetics of Hirschsprung's disease. Special emphasis is laid on new surgical techniques, especially on the laparoscopic approach in combination with Soave's or Duhamel's technique.
Book Synopsis Structure of Enteric Neurons by : Axel Brehmer
Download or read book Structure of Enteric Neurons written by Axel Brehmer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-10-06 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book first presents an overview on the chemical coding of the morphological neuron types described by Stach in the pig intestine. In doing so, we have pointed out the difference between the definitions of type I neurons given by Dogiel and Stach. Secondly, it provides a basis for the morpho-chemical classification of human enteric neurons as revealed by their immunoreactivity for neurofilaments and several neuroactive substances or related markers.
Book Synopsis Pathophysiology of the Colonic Enteric Nervous System in Male and Female Rats Following Spinal Cord Injury by : Claire Werner
Download or read book Pathophysiology of the Colonic Enteric Nervous System in Male and Female Rats Following Spinal Cord Injury written by Claire Werner and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collectively, the electrophysiology and immunohistochemical findings suggest that the downregulation of M2 receptors following SCI contributes to decreased dose dependent response to muscarinic agonist, Bethanechol. This data provides some insight to why prokinetic drugs for treating NB are often ineffective for the SCI population. Consistently, individuals with SCI state that symptoms related to their bladder and bowel are most important to effectively treat. Currently, bowel related treatment is lacking because the mechanism for NB has yet to be elucidated. The results of this dissertation contribute to the understanding of the mechanism of colonic dysmotility after SCI. These findings also provide direction for future experimentation in order to further our understanding of NB. Collectively, this data and subsequent future directions can assist in the development of therapeutic targets and treatment for individuals with SCI experiencing NB to improve overall QOL.
Download or read book The Brain written by Charles Watson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-09-20 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors of the most cited neuroscience publication, The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, have written this introductory textbook for neuroscience students. The text is clear and concise, and offers an excellent introduction to the essential concepts of neuroscience. Based on contemporary neuroscience research rather than old-style medical school neuroanatomy Thorough treatment of motor and sensory systems A detailed chapter on human cerebral cortex The neuroscience of consciousness, memory, emotion, brain injury, and mental illness A comprehensive chapter on brain development A summary of the techniques of brain research A detailed glossary of neuroscience terms Illustrated with over 130 color photographs and diagrams This book will inspire and inform students of neuroscience. It is designed for beginning students in the health sciences, including psychology, nursing, biology, and medicine. Clearly and concisely written for easy comprehension by beginning students Based on contemporary neuroscience research rather than the concepts of old-style medical school neuroanatomy Thorough treatment of motor and sensory systems A detailed chapter on human cerebral cortex Discussion of the neuroscience of conscience, memory, cognitive function, brain injury, and mental illness A comprehensive chapter on brain development A summary of the techniques of brain research A detailed glossary of neuroscience terms Illustrated with over 100 color photographs and diagrams
Book Synopsis Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology by : Cris S. Constantinescu
Download or read book Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology written by Cris S. Constantinescu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-24 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses important issues regarding the interaction between the nervous system, the immune system, and the digestive system. Gut flora has a profound influence on the shaping of the immune response, not only in the gastrointestinal system but also in the nervous system. Fascinatingly, manipulation of intestinal immune responses can be used to modulate neurological disease. Conversely, the nervous system and the psyche have significant effects on the functioning of the gut and liver. After introductory chapters on the neurology, the immunology and microbiology of the gut, the effects of the gut immune system and gut flora and its manipulation on neurological disease are discussed, followed by molecular mimicry and immune tolerance in neuroimmune diseases. Additionally, several chapters deal with gastrointestinal manifestations of neurological diseases. Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology is aimed at neurologists, gastroenterologists, and immunologists.
