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Particle In Cell And Monte Carlo Modelling Of Advanced Plasma Thrusters
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Book Synopsis Particle-in-Cell and Monte Carlo Modelling of Advanced Plasma Thrusters by :
Download or read book Particle-in-Cell and Monte Carlo Modelling of Advanced Plasma Thrusters written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to accurately assess the backflow contamination potential of electric propulsion thrusters for spacecraft thruster integration purposes, models of the plumes and backflow are necessary. Both axisymmetric and fully three dimensional models of the plume and backflow contamination from ion thruster plumes are presented. Components included are primary beam ions, neutral propellant efflux thermal propellant ions created mainly by charge-exchange (CEX) collisions between primary beam ions and neutral propellant, non-propellant efflux (NPB) sputtered from thruster components, and neutralizing electrons. The plasma hybrid particle in cell (PlC) technique is applied to both propellant CEX ions and NPE ions produced in the beam and their transport out of the beam to the regions surrounding a model spacecraft. Simulations are performed for both single and dual thruster operation. Results of plume properties and backflow are compared with data and good agreement is found. Scaling relationships for the backflow are. determined, and the levels of NPE deposition are shown to be less than previously thought. In addition, the backflow form multiple thruster operation is found to be non- linear. Electric Propulsion, Ion Thrusters, Spacecraft Contamination.
Book Synopsis 3-D Monte-Carlo Particle-in-cell Simulations of Ion Thruster Plasma Interactions by : J. Wang
Download or read book 3-D Monte-Carlo Particle-in-cell Simulations of Ion Thruster Plasma Interactions written by J. Wang and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Plasma Simulations by Example by : Lubos Brieda
Download or read book Plasma Simulations by Example written by Lubos Brieda and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-12-13 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of plasmas is crucial in improving our understanding of the universe, and they are being increasingly utilised in key technologies such as spacecraft thrusters, plasma medicine, and fusion energy. Providing readers with an easy to follow set of examples that clearly illustrate how simulation codes are written, this book guides readers through how to develop C++ computer codes for simulating plasmas primarily with the kinetic Particle in Cell (PIC) method. This text will be invaluable to advanced undergraduates and graduate students in physics and engineering looking to learn how to put the theory to the test. Features: Provides a step-by-step introduction to plasma simulations with easy to follow examples Discusses the electrostatic and electromagnetic Particle in Cell (PIC) method on structured and unstructured meshes, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), and Vlasov solvers Covered topics include Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) collisions, surface interactions, axisymmetry, and parallelization strategies. Lubos Brieda has over 15 years of experience developing plasma and gas simulation codes for electric propulsion, contamination transport, and plasma-surface interactions. As part of his master’s research work, he developed a 3D ES-PIC electric propulsion plume code, Draco, which is to this date utilized by government labs and private aerospace firms to study plasma thruster plumes. His Ph.D, obtained in 2012 from George Washington University, USA, focused on a multi-scale model for Hall thrusters utilizing fluid-kinetic hybrid PIC codes. He has since then been involved in numerous projects involving development and the use of plasma simulation tools. Since 2014 he has been teaching online courses on plasma simulations through his website: particleincell.com.
Book Synopsis Particle in Cell/Monte Carlo Model of an Electric Thruster by : S. Longo
Download or read book Particle in Cell/Monte Carlo Model of an Electric Thruster written by S. Longo and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Steps in the Development of a Full Particle-in-cell, Monte Carlo Simulation of the Plasma in the Discharge Chamber of an Ion Engine by : Bryan James Penkal
Download or read book Steps in the Development of a Full Particle-in-cell, Monte Carlo Simulation of the Plasma in the Discharge Chamber of an Ion Engine written by Bryan James Penkal and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The design and development of ion engines is a difficult and expensive process. In order to alleviate these costs and speed ion engine development, it is proposed to further develop a particle-in-cell (PIC), Monte-Carlo collision (MCC) model of an ion engine discharge chamber, which has previously been worked on by the Wright State Ion Engine Modeling Group. Performing detailed and accurate simulations of ion engines can lead to millions of dollars in savings in development costs. In order to recognize these savings more work must be done on the present day models used to simulate ion engine performance. The work presented in this thesis is an effort to do this with a computer model of the plasma in the discharge chamber of an ion engine. In particular, this thesis presents a few steps in the process of moving a Wright State developed PIC-MCC computer code, developed specifically for the plasma in the discharge chamber, to include detailed electric field calculations. This is a rather difficult process in that the electric fields present in the discharge chamber are strongly dependent on the location of the charged particles in the plasma. This means there is a strong and unstable connection between the particle position calculation and the electric field calculation. Other difficulties are the relatively large computational domain and the relatively large plasma density present. Because of the computational times involved,PIC-MCC techniques are generally not applied to large computational domains with high particle number densities, but this is the precise physical model that is required to obtain accurate results for the plasma in the discharge chamber of an ion engine. This thesis presents a few steps taken to get such a program to converge and to run in a stable fashion. Not only is getting the program to converge an issue, but getting convergence times that are less than one week is difficult. By no means is the work in this thesis a complete solution to these problems; the work done here is just a few steps in this process. There are many problems and issues that still need to be addressed. In addition to discussing the work done to move detailed PIC-MCC calculations with a fully coupled electric field and particle position calculation forward, a good deal of discussion about the physics of ion engines and the computational tools used in this work will be presented. This is done to familiarize the reader with ion engines and so they will understand how difficult it is to develop a model that will accurately predict the performance of an ion engine. The baseline computer code used in this research is reviewed. The baseline code is called VORPAL, which the Tech-X Corporation developed. VORPAL itself is an outgrowth of a computer program called OOPIC PRO. This project started using OOPIC PRO, but switched to VORPAL, an object orientated, relativistic, plasma simulation code, because of the many benefits it provides. Following the discussion of VORPAL, techniques used to decrease run time that were undertaken by the ion engine group at Wright State and the Tech-X Corporation are given. These include particle fragmenting and merging, scaling of the discharge chamber, and two-dimensional domain decomposition. Programming issues that were discovered in VORPAL and in an earlier version of VORPAL called OOPIC PRO are discussed. Due to the sensitivity that PIC-MCC codes have to the time step used and the desire to implement a time throttling technique to reduce computational times, a time step survey is conducted. PIC-MCC codes are extremely sensitive to time step size. It is found that a time step size of 10-12 seconds is the largest time step that can be used.
Book Synopsis Particle-in-cell simulation of a cusp-confined plasma with Monte Carlo collisions by : Christian David Zuniga Barahona
Download or read book Particle-in-cell simulation of a cusp-confined plasma with Monte Carlo collisions written by Christian David Zuniga Barahona and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion by : Dan M. Goebel
Download or read book Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion written by Dan M. Goebel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-12-22 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout most of the twentieth century, electric propulsion was considered the technology of the future. Now, the future has arrived. This important new book explains the fundamentals of electric propulsion for spacecraft and describes in detail the physics and characteristics of the two major electric thrusters in use today, ion and Hall thrusters. The authors provide an introduction to plasma physics in order to allow readers to understand the models and derivations used in determining electric thruster performance. They then go on to present detailed explanations of: Thruster principles Ion thruster plasma generators and accelerator grids Hollow cathodes Hall thrusters Ion and Hall thruster plumes Flight ion and Hall thrusters Based largely on research and development performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and complemented with scores of tables, figures, homework problems, and references, Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters is an indispensable textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students who are preparing to enter the aerospace industry. It also serves as an equally valuable resource for professional engineers already at work in the field.
Book Synopsis Fully Kinetic Numerical Modeling of a Plasma Thruster by : James Joseph Szabo
Download or read book Fully Kinetic Numerical Modeling of a Plasma Thruster written by James Joseph Szabo and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Hall effect plasma thruster with conductive acceleration channel walls was numerically modeled using 2D3V Particle-in-Cell (PIC) and Monte-Carlo Collision (MCC) methodolo- gies. Electron, ion, and neutral dynamics were treated kinetically on the electron time scale to study transport, instabilities, and the electron energy distribution function. Axisymmet- ric R-Z coordinates were used with a non-orthogonal variable mesh to account for important small-scale plasma structures and a complex physical geometry. Electric field and sheath structures were treated self-consistently. Conductive channel walls were allowed to float electrically. The simulation included, via MCC, elastic and inelastic electron-neutral colli- sions, ion-neutral scattering and charge exchange collisions, and Coulomb collisions. The latter were also treated through a Langevin (stochastic) differential equation for the particle trajectories in velocity space. Ion-electron recombination was modeled at the boundaries, and neutrals were recycled into the flow. The cathode was modeled indirectly by inject- ing electrons at a rate which preserved quasineutrality. Anomalous diffusion was included through an equivalent scattering frequency. Free space permittivity was increased to allow a coarser grid and longer time-step. A method for changing the ion to electron mass ratio and retrieving physical results was developed and used throughout. Results were compared with theory, experiments. Gradients and anisotropy in electron temperature were observed. Non-Maxwellian electron energy distribution functions were observed. The thruster was numerically redesigned; substantial performance benefits were predicted.
Book Synopsis Development of the Plasma Thruster Particle-in-cell Simulator to Complement Empirical Studies of a Low-power Cusped-field Thruster by : Stephen Robert Gildea
Download or read book Development of the Plasma Thruster Particle-in-cell Simulator to Complement Empirical Studies of a Low-power Cusped-field Thruster written by Stephen Robert Gildea and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cusped-field plasma thrusters are an electric propulsion concept being investigated by several laboratories in the United States and Europe. This technology was implemented as a low-power prototype in 2007 to ascertain if durability and performance improvements over comparable Hall thruster designs could be provided by the distinct magnetic topologies inherent to these devices. The first device tested at low-powers was eventually designated the "diverging cusped- field thruster" (DCFT) and demonstrated performance capabilities similar to state-of-the-art Hall thrusters. The research presented herein is a continuation of these initial studies, geared toward identifying significant operational characteristics of the thruster using experiments and numerical simulations. After a review of hybrid, fluid, and particle-in-cell Hall thruster models, experimental contributions from this work are presented. Anode current waveform measurements provide the first evidence of the distinct time-dependent characteristics of the two main modes of DCFT operation. The previously named "high-current" mode exhibits oscillation amplitudes several factors larger than mean current values, while magnitudes in "low-current" mode are at least a full order smaller. Results from a long-duration test, exceeding 200 hours of high-current mode operation, demonstrate lifetime-limiting erosion rates about 50% lower than those observed in comparable Hall thrusters. Concurrently, the plasma thruster particle-in-cell (PTpic) simulator was developed by upgrading numerous aspects of a preexisting Hall thruster model. Improvements in performance and accuracy have been achieved through modifications of the particle moving and electrostatic potential solving algorithms. Data from simulations representing both modes of operation are presented. In both cases, despite being unable to predict the correct location of the main potential drop in the thruster chamber, the model successfully reproduces the hollow conical jet of fast ions in the near plume region. The influences guiding the formation of the simulated beam in low-current mode are described in detail. A module for predicting erosion rates on dielectric surfaces has also been incorporated into PTpic and applied to simulations of both DCFT operational modes. Two data sets from highcurrent mode simulations successfully reproduce elevated erosion profiles in each of the three magnetic ring-cusps present in the DCFT. Discrepancies between the simulated and experimental data do exist, however, and are once again attributable to the misplacement of the primary acceleration region of the thruster. Having successfully captured the most significant erosion profile features observed in high-current mode, a simulation of erosion in low-current mode indicates substantially reduced erosion in comparison to the more oscillatory mode. These findings further motivate the completion of low-current mode erosion measurements, and continued numerical studies of the DCFT. Additionally, PTpic has proven to be a useful simulation tool for this project, and has been developed with adaptability in mind to facilitate its application to a variety of thruster designs -- including Hall thrusters.
Book Synopsis Particle-in-cell - Monte Carlo Simulation of Plasmas by : Boris Magocsi
Download or read book Particle-in-cell - Monte Carlo Simulation of Plasmas written by Boris Magocsi and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Plasma Physics via Computer Simulation by : C.K. Birdsall
Download or read book Plasma Physics via Computer Simulation written by C.K. Birdsall and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Divided into three main parts, the book guides the reader to an understanding of the basic concepts in this fascinating field of research. Part 1 introduces you to the fundamental concepts of simulation. It examines one-dimensional electrostatic codes and electromagnetic codes, and describes the numerical methods and analysis. Part 2 explores the mathematics and physics behind the algorithms used in Part 1. In Part 3, the authors address some of the more complicated simulations in two and three dimensions. The book introduces projects to encourage practical work Readers can download plasma modeling and simulation software — the ES1 program — with implementations for PCs and Unix systems along with the original FORTRAN source code. Now available in paperback, Plasma Physics via Computer Simulation is an ideal complement to plasma physics courses and for self-study.
Download or read book Storthingets redd written by and published by . This book was released on 1897 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Electron Dynamics of Diode Regions by : Charles K. Birdsall
Download or read book Electron Dynamics of Diode Regions written by Charles K. Birdsall and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1966-01-01 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electron Dynamics of Diode Regions describes the model construction and analysis of motion of charged particles of diode regions in time-varying fields. The models analyzed are simplified versions of parts of practical devices, primarily active microwave devices, tubes, and semiconductor amplifiers, while the most striking results obtained are due to electron inertia and space-charge effects in terms of laboratory observable. This book is composed of seven chapters, and begins with an introduction to the general concepts of time dependent flow, including induced current, the techniques of linearization, calculating variational transit time, and obtaining equivalent circuits. The following chapters present the classical linear analysis, which includes the space-charge effects, with several applications. These chapters also explore the existence of a maximum stable current in a space-charge limited diode. The discussion then shifts to the basics of high velocity, klystron, gap with nonuniform field distributions, and the application of the multicavity klystron. This text further covers the analysis and examples of crossed-field gaps. The final chapters deal with the fundamentals of velocity and current distributions obtained from common electron emitters, with some attempt to show how the multivelocity streams evolve into single-velocity equivalents needed for the methods of earlier chapters. Results of applying the Lagrangian starting analysis to semiconductor diode regions, necessarily from a new equation of motion, are also provided. This book is intended for graduate courses, seminars, and research studies.
Book Synopsis Space and Astrophysical Plasma Simulation by : Jörg Büchner
Download or read book Space and Astrophysical Plasma Simulation written by Jörg Büchner and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-01 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of contributions covering the major subjects in numerical simulation of space and astrophysical plasma. It introduces the different approaches and methods to model plasma, the necessary computational codes, and applications in the field. The book is rooted in the previous work Space Plasma Simulation (Springer, 2003) and includes the latest developments. It is divided into three parts and all chapters start with an introduction motivating the topic and its use in research and ends with a discussion of its applications. The chapters of the first part contain tutorials of the different basic approaches needed to perform space plasma simulations. This part is particularly useful for graduate students to master the subject. The second part presents more advanced materials for students and researchers who already work with pre-existing codes but want to implement the recent progresses made in the field. The last part of the book discusses developments in the area for researchers who are actively working on advanced simulation approaches like higher order schemes and artificial intelligence, agent-based technologies for multiscale and multi-dimensional systems, which represent the recent innovative contributions made in space plasma research.
Book Synopsis Monte Carlo Particle Transport Methods by : I. Lux
Download or read book Monte Carlo Particle Transport Methods written by I. Lux and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With this book we try to reach several more-or-less unattainable goals namely: To compromise in a single book all the most important achievements of Monte Carlo calculations for solving neutron and photon transport problems. To present a book which discusses the same topics in the three levels known from the literature and gives us useful information for both beginners and experienced readers. It lists both well-established old techniques and also newest findings.
Book Synopsis Parallelization of Particle-in-cell Simulation Modeling Hall-effect Thrusters by : Justin M. Fox
Download or read book Parallelization of Particle-in-cell Simulation Modeling Hall-effect Thrusters written by Justin M. Fox and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MIT's fully kinetic particle-in-cell Hall thruster simulation is adapted for use on parallel clusters of computers. Significant computational savings are thus realized with a predicted linear speed up efficiency for certain large-scale simulations. The MIT PIC code is further enhanced and updated with the accuracy of the potential solver, in particular, investigated in detail. With parallelization complete, the simulation is used for two novel investigations. The first examines the effect of the Hall parameter profile on simulation results. It is concluded that a constant Hall parameter throughout the entire simulation region does not fully capture the correct physics. In fact, it is found empirically that a Hall parameter structure which is instead peaked in the region of the acceleration chamber obtains much better agreement with experiment. These changes are incorporated into the evolving MIT PIC simulation. The second investigation involves the simulation of a high power, central-cathode thruster currently under development. This thruster presents a unique opportunity to study the efficiency of parallelization on a large scale, high power thruster. Through use of this thruster, we also gain the ability to explicitly simulate the cathode since the thruster was designed with an axial cathode configuration.
Book Synopsis 36th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit: 2000-3100 - 2000-3149 by :
Download or read book 36th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit: 2000-3100 - 2000-3149 written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
