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Download or read book Parsing Techniques written by Dick Grune and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-29 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of Grune and Jacobs’ brilliant work presents new developments and discoveries that have been made in the field. Parsing, also referred to as syntax analysis, has been and continues to be an essential part of computer science and linguistics. Parsing techniques have grown considerably in importance, both in computer science, ie. advanced compilers often use general CF parsers, and computational linguistics where such parsers are the only option. They are used in a variety of software products including Web browsers, interpreters in computer devices, and data compression programs; and they are used extensively in linguistics.
Book Synopsis New Developments in Parsing Technology by : H. Bunt
Download or read book New Developments in Parsing Technology written by H. Bunt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-27 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parsing can be defined as the decomposition of complex structures into their constituent parts, and parsing technology as the methods, the tools, and the software to parse automatically. Parsing is a central area of research in the automatic processing of human language. Parsers are being used in many application areas, for example question answering, extraction of information from text, speech recognition and understanding, and machine translation. New developments in parsing technology are thus widely applicable. This book contains contributions from many of today's leading researchers in the area of natural language parsing technology. The contributors describe their most recent work and a diverse range of techniques and results. This collection provides an excellent picture of the current state of affairs in this area. This volume is the third in a series of such collections, and its breadth of coverage should make it suitable both as an overview of the current state of the field for graduate students, and as a reference for established researchers.
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Language and Linguistics by : Ralph Fasold
Download or read book An Introduction to Language and Linguistics written by Ralph Fasold and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-03-09 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This accessible textbook offers balanced and uniformly excellent coverage of modern linguistics.
Book Synopsis Industrial Parsing of Software Manuals by : Sutcliffe
Download or read book Industrial Parsing of Software Manuals written by Sutcliffe and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-11-27 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The task of language engineering is to develop the technology for building computer systems which can perform useful linguistic tasks such as machine assisted translation, text retrieval, message classification and document summarisation. Such systems often require the use of a parser which can extract specific types of grammatical data from pre-defined classes of input text. There are many parsers already available for use in language engineering systems. However, many different linguistic formalisms and parsing algorithms are employed. Grammatical coverage varies, as does the nature of the syntactic information extracted. Direct comparison between systems is difficult because each is likely to have been evaluated using different test criteria. In this volume, eight different parsers are applied to the same task, that of analysing a set of sentences derived from software instruction manuals. Each parser is presented in a separate chapter. Evaluation of performance is carried out using a standard set of criteria with the results being presented in a set of tables which have the same format for each system. Three additional chapters provide further analysis of the results as well as discussing possible approaches to the standardisation of parse tree data. Five parse trees are provided for each system in an appendix, allowing further direct comparison between systems by the reader. The book will be of interest to students, researchers and practitioners in the areas of computational linguistics, computer science, information retrieval, language engineering, linguistics and machine assisted translation.
Book Synopsis Generalized LR Parsing by : Masaru Tomita
Download or read book Generalized LR Parsing written by Masaru Tomita and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Generalized LR parsing algorithm (some call it "Tomita's algorithm") was originally developed in 1985 as a part of my Ph.D thesis at Carnegie Mellon University. When I was a graduate student at CMU, I tried to build a couple of natural language systems based on existing parsing methods. Their parsing speed, however, always bothered me. I sometimes wondered whether it was ever possible to build a natural language parser that could parse reasonably long sentences in a reasonable time without help from large mainframe machines. At the same time, I was always amazed by the speed of programming language compilers, because they can parse very long sentences (i.e., programs) very quickly even on workstations. There are two reasons. First, programming languages are considerably simpler than natural languages. And secondly, they have very efficient parsing methods, most notably LR. The LR parsing algorithm first precompiles a grammar into an LR parsing table, and at the actual parsing time, it performs shift-reduce parsing guided deterministically by the parsing table. So, the key to the LR efficiency is the grammar precompilation; something that had never been tried for natural languages in 1985. Of course, there was a good reason why LR had never been applied for natural languages; it was simply impossible. If your context-free grammar is sufficiently more complex than programming languages, its LR parsing table will have multiple actions, and deterministic parsing will be no longer possible.
Download or read book Parsing Theory written by Seppo Sippu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1990-11-14 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is Volume II of a two-volume monograph on the theory of deterministic parsing of context-free grammars. Volume I, "Languages and Parsing" (Chapters 1 to 5), was an introduction to the basic concepts of formal language theory and context-free parsing. Volume II (Chapters 6 to 10) contains a thorough treat ment of the theory of the two most important deterministic parsing methods: LR(k) and LL(k) parsing. Volume II is a continuation of Volume I; together these two volumes form an integrated work, with chapters, theorems, lemmas, etc. numbered consecutively. Volume II begins with Chapter 6 in which the classical con structions pertaining to LR(k) parsing are presented. These include the canonical LR(k) parser, and its reduced variants such as the LALR(k) parser and the SLR(k) parser. The grammarclasses for which these parsers are deterministic are called LR(k) grammars, LALR(k) grammars and SLR(k) grammars; properties of these grammars are also investigated in Chapter 6. A great deal of attention is paid to the rigorous development of the theory: detailed mathematical proofs are provided for most of the results presented.
Book Synopsis Born to Parse by : David W. Lightfoot
Download or read book Born to Parse written by David W. Lightfoot and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2020-08-25 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An argument that children are born to assign structures to their ambient language, which feeds a view of language variation not based on parameters defined at UG. In this book, David Lightfoot argues that just as some birds are born to chirp, humans are born to parse--predisposed to assign linguistic structures to their ambient external language. This approach to language acquisition makes two contributions to the development of Minimalist thinking.
Book Synopsis Pro Perl Parsing by : Christopher M. Frenz
Download or read book Pro Perl Parsing written by Christopher M. Frenz and published by Apress. This book was released on 2006-11-07 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: * The first book focused solely on data parsing, a task commonly deemed Perl’s greatest strength * Couples an introduction to data parsing concepts and techniques with practical instruction regarding the key Perl modules capable of facilitating often complex parsing tasks * The author, Christopher Frenz, is a bioinformaticist and expert on Perl and scientific computing
Book Synopsis Current Issues in Parsing Technology by : Masaru Tomita
Download or read book Current Issues in Parsing Technology written by Masaru Tomita and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1990-12-31 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advances in Probabilistic and Other Parsing Technologies by : H. Bunt
Download or read book Advances in Probabilistic and Other Parsing Technologies written by H. Bunt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parsing technology is concerned with finding syntactic structure in language. In parsing we have to deal with incomplete and not necessarily accurate formal descriptions of natural languages. Robustness and efficiency are among the main issuesin parsing. Corpora can be used to obtain frequency information about language use. This allows probabilistic parsing, an approach that aims at both robustness and efficiency increase. Approximation techniques, to be applied at the level of language description, parsing strategy, and syntactic representation, have the same objective. Approximation at the level of syntactic representation is also known as underspecification, a traditional technique to deal with syntactic ambiguity. In this book new parsing technologies are collected that aim at attacking the problems of robustness and efficiency by exactly these techniques: the design of probabilistic grammars and efficient probabilistic parsing algorithms, approximation techniques applied to grammars and parsers to increase parsing efficiency, and techniques for underspecification and the integration of semantic information in the syntactic analysis to deal with massive ambiguity. The book gives a state-of-the-art overview of current research and development in parsing technologies. In its chapters we see how probabilistic methods have entered the toolbox of computational linguistics in order to be applied in both parsing theory and parsing practice. The book is both a unique reference for researchers and an introduction to the field for interested graduate students.
Book Synopsis Nursing Theorists and Their Work by : Martha Raile Alligood, PhD, RN, ANEF
Download or read book Nursing Theorists and Their Work written by Martha Raile Alligood, PhD, RN, ANEF and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2013-09-24 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive of its kind, Nursing Theorists and Their Work, 8th Edition provides an in-depth look at 39 theorists of historical, international, and significant importance. Each chapter features a clear, consistent presentation of a key nursing philosophy or theory. Case studies, critical thinking activities, and in-depth objective critiques of nursing theories help bridge the gap between theory and application. Critical Thinking Activities at the end of each theorist chapter help you to process the theory presented and apply it to personal and hypothetical practice situations.A case study at the end of each theorist chapter puts the theory into a larger perspective, demonstrating how it can be applied to practice.A Brief Summary in each theorist chapter helps you review for tests and confirm your comprehension.A Major Concepts & Definitions box included in each theorist chapter outlines the theory's most significant ideas and clarifies content-specific vocabulary.Each theorist chapter is written by a scholar specializing in that particular theorist's work, often having worked closely with the theorists, to provide the most accurate and complete information possible. Beginning chapters provide a strong foundation on the history and philosophy of science, logical reasoning, and the theory development process.Diagrams for theories help you visualize and better understand inherently abstract concepts.Pictures of theorists, as well as a listing of contact information for each individual, enables you to contact the source of information directly.Theorist chapters have been reviewed and edited by the theorist, validating the accounts set forth in the text for currency and accuracy.An extensive bibliography at the conclusion of each theorist chapter outlines numerous primary and secondary sources of information, ideal for both undergraduate and graduate research projects. NEW! Quotes from the theorist make each complex theory more memorable.NEW! Chapter on Afaf Meleis profiles a theorist who has shaped theoretical development in nursing and explores her "transition theory."NEW! Need to Know Information is highlighted to streamline long, complex passages and help you review key concepts.NEW! Points for Further Study at the end of each chapter direct you to assets available for additional information.
Book Synopsis Recent Advances in Parsing Technology by : H. Bunt
Download or read book Recent Advances in Parsing Technology written by H. Bunt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-08-31 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Marcus (1980), deterministic parsers were introduced. These are parsers which satisfy the conditions of Marcus's determinism hypothesis, i.e., they are strongly deterministic in the sense that they do not simulate non determinism in any way. In later work (Marcus et al. 1983) these parsers were modified to construct descriptions of trees rather than the trees them selves. The resulting D-theory parsers, by working with these descriptions, are capable of capturing a certain amount of ambiguity in the structures they build. In this context, it is not clear what it means for a parser to meet the conditions of the determinism hypothesis. The object of this work is to clarify this and other issues pertaining to D-theory parsers and to provide a framework within which these issues can be examined formally. Thus we have a very narrow scope. We make no ar guments about the linguistic issues D-theory parsers are meant to address, their relation to other parsing formalisms or the notion of determinism in general. Rather we focus on issues internal to D-theory parsers themselves.
Book Synopsis Nursing Theorists and Their Work E-Book by : Martha Raile Alligood
Download or read book Nursing Theorists and Their Work E-Book written by Martha Raile Alligood and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2021-07-23 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: **Selected for Doody's Core Titles® 2024 with "Essential Purchase" designation in Theory** Find the thinking of 39 leading nursing theorists in one comprehensive text! Nursing Theorists and Their Work, 10th Edition provides a clear, in-depth look at nursing theories of historical and international significance. Each chapter presents a key nursing theory or philosophy, showing how systematic theoretical evidence can enhance decision making, professionalism, and quality of care. Lead author Martha Raile Alligood is known nationally and internationally for her expertise in nursing theory. A classic in the field of nursing theory, this text uses objective critiques, case studies, and critical thinking activities to bridge the gap between nursing theory and application. - Scholars specializing in the work of a specific nursing theorist write each theorist chapter, often having worked closely with the theorists, to provide the most accurate and complete information. - Case studies at the end of each theorist chapter put the theory into a larger perspective, demonstrating how it can be applied to practice. - Critical thinking activities at the end of each theorist chapter help you understand the theory presented and apply it to personal and hypothetical situations. - Diagrams and graphics help you to visualize and better understand abstract concepts and theories. - History of nursing theory development includes its significance to the discipline and practice of the nursing profession. - Brief summary sections in theorist chapters enhance comprehension and make it easier to review for tests. - Major Concepts & Definitions box in each theorist chapter outlines a theory's most significant ideas and clarifies vocabulary. - Points for Further Study section at the end of each chapter indicates sources of additional information. - References at the end of theorist chapters list the author's primary and secondary sources of information. - NEW theorists, chapter authors, and case studies provide research and expertise from countries across the world. - NEW references and bibliographies demonstrate the ever-increasing use of nursing theory globally.
Book Synopsis Efficient Parsing for Natural Language by : Masaru Tomita
Download or read book Efficient Parsing for Natural Language written by Masaru Tomita and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1985-09-30 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parsing Efficiency is crucial when building practical natural language systems. 'Ibis is especially the case for interactive systems such as natural language database access, interfaces to expert systems and interactive machine translation. Despite its importance, parsing efficiency has received little attention in the area of natural language processing. In the areas of compiler design and theoretical computer science, on the other hand, parsing algorithms 3 have been evaluated primarily in terms of the theoretical worst case analysis (e.g. lXn», and very few practical comparisons have been made. This book introduces a context-free parsing algorithm that parses natural language more efficiently than any other existing parsing algorithms in practice. Its feasibility for use in practical systems is being proven in its application to Japanese language interface at Carnegie Group Inc., and to the continuous speech recognition project at Carnegie-Mellon University. This work was done while I was pursuing a Ph.D degree at Carnegie-Mellon University. My advisers, Herb Simon and Jaime Carbonell, deserve many thanks for their unfailing support, advice and encouragement during my graduate studies. I would like to thank Phil Hayes and Ralph Grishman for their helpful comments and criticism that in many ways improved the quality of this book. I wish also to thank Steven Brooks for insightful comments on theoretical aspects of the book (chapter 4, appendices A, B and C), and Rich Thomason for improving the linguistic part of tile book (the very beginning of section 1.1).
Book Synopsis Trends in Parsing Technology by : Harry Bunt
Download or read book Trends in Parsing Technology written by Harry Bunt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-06 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer parsing technology, which breaks down complex linguistic structures into their constituent parts, is a key research area in the automatic processing of human language. This volume is a collection of contributions from leading researchers in the field of natural language processing technology, each of whom detail their recent work which includes new techniques as well as results. The book presents an overview of the state of the art in current research into parsing technologies, focusing on three important themes: dependency parsing, domain adaptation, and deep parsing. The technology, which has a variety of practical uses, is especially concerned with the methods, tools and software that can be used to parse automatically. Applications include extracting information from free text or speech, question answering, speech recognition and comprehension, recommender systems, machine translation, and automatic summarization. New developments in the area of parsing technology are thus widely applicable, and researchers and professionals from a number of fields will find the material here required reading. As well as the other four volumes on parsing technology in this series this book has a breadth of coverage that makes it suitable both as an overview of the field for graduate students, and as a reference for established researchers in computational linguistics, artificial intelligence, computer science, language engineering, information science, and cognitive science. It will also be of interest to designers, developers, and advanced users of natural language processing systems, including applications such as spoken dialogue, text mining, multimodal human-computer interaction, and semantic web technology.
Book Synopsis Dojo: The Definitive Guide by : Matthew A. Russell
Download or read book Dojo: The Definitive Guide written by Matthew A. Russell and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2008-06-17 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of all the Ajax-specific frameworks that have popped up in recent years, one clearly stands out as the industrial strength solution. Dojo is not just another JavaScript toolkit—it's the JavaScript toolkit—and Dojo: The Definitive Guide demonstrates how to tame Dojo's extensive library of utilities so that you can build rich and responsive web applications like never before. Dojo founder Alex Russell gives a foreword that explains the "why" of Dojo and of this book. Dojo provides an end-to-end solution for development in the browser, including everything from the core JavaScript library and turnkey widgets to build tools and a testing framework. Its vibrant open source community keeps adding to Dojo's arsenal, and this book provides an ideal companion to Dojo's official documentation. Dojo: the Definitive Guide gives you the most thorough overview of this toolkit available, showing you everything from how to create complex layouts and form controls closely resembling those found in the most advanced desktop applications with stock widgets, to advanced JavaScript idioms to AJAX and advanced communication transports. With this definitive reference you get: Get a concise introduction to Dojo that's good for all 1.x versions Well-explained examples, with scores of tested code samples, that let you see Dojo in action A comprehensive reference to Dojo's standard JavaScript library (including fundamental utilities in Base, Dojo's tiny but powerful kernel) that you'll wonder how you ever lived without An extensive look at additional Core features, such as animations, drag-and-drop, back-button handling, animations like wipe and slide, and more Exhaustive coverage of out-of-the-box Dijits (Dojo widgets) as well as definitive coverage on how to create your own, either from scratch or building on existing ones An itemized inventory of DojoX subprojects, the build tools, and the DOH, Dojo's unit-testing framework that you can use with Dojo—or anywhere else If you're a DHTML-toting web developer, you need to read this book—whether you're a one-person operation or part of an organization employing scores of developers. Dojo packs the standard JavaScript library you've always wanted, and Dojo: The Definitive Guide helps you transform your ideas into working applications quickly by leveraging design concepts you already know.
Book Synopsis Specification and Transformation of Programs by : Helmut A. Partsch
Download or read book Specification and Transformation of Programs written by Helmut A. Partsch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Specification and transformation of programs" is short for a methodology of software development where, from a formal specification of a problem to be solved, programs correctly solving that problem are constructed by stepwise application of formal, semantics-preserving transformation rules. The approach considers programming as a formal activity. Consequently, it requires some mathematical maturity and, above all, the will to try something new. A somewhat experienced programmer or a third- or fourth-year student in computer science should be able to master most of this material - at least, this is the level I have aimed at. This book is primarily intended as a general introductory textbook on transformational methodology. As with any methodology, reading and understanding is necessary but not sufficient. Therefore, most of the chapters contain a set of exercises for practising as homework. Solutions to these exercises exist and can, in principle, be obtained at nominal cost from the author upon request on appropriate letterhead. In addition, the book also can be seen as a comprehensive account of the particular transformational methodology developed within the Munich CIP project.
