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Parametric Study Of A Fuel Cell Plug In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain
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Book Synopsis Parametric Study of a Fuel Cell Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain by : Krishnateja Yadlapati
Download or read book Parametric Study of a Fuel Cell Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain written by Krishnateja Yadlapati and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel cell plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (FC PHEVs) have the potential to significantly decrease greenhouse gas emissions while providing similar or increased range and fuel economy compared to traditional vehicles. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles also potentially provide a method to manage excess power production from intermittent renewable electricity sources. The performance of the FC PHEV depends on the component specifications and control strategy utilized. This thesis focuses on a parametric simulation study to determine the fuel economy for various parameters and drive cycles such as urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS), the highway fuel economy test cycle (HWFET), and SAE J1711. The effects of ambient temperature and relative humidity, rated fuel cell power and energy storage system (ESS) capacity over the fuel economy of the vehicle were analyzed. The rated fuel cell power was found to have the highest impact on fuel economy due to a change in operational efficiency at the average required power. For comparison, a series fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FC HEV) was simulated over the same rated fuel cell power range. The lowest rated fuel power considered resulted in the highest fuel economy for a FC PHEV. Although for a FC HEV, the same behavior does not take place due to the relatively small capacity of the ESS.
Book Synopsis A Parametric Analysis Technique for Design of Fuel Cell and Hybrid-electric Vehicles by : Andrew G. Simpson
Download or read book A Parametric Analysis Technique for Design of Fuel Cell and Hybrid-electric Vehicles written by Andrew G. Simpson and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles by : Mehrdad Ehsani
Download or read book Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles written by Mehrdad Ehsani and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-02-02 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book is an introduction to automotive technology, with specic reference to battery electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell electric vehicles. It could serve electrical engineers who need to know more about automobiles or automotive engineers who need to know about electrical propulsion systems. For example, this reviewer, who is a specialist in electric machinery, could use this book to better understand the automobiles for which the reviewer is designing electric drive motors. An automotive engineer, on the other hand, might use it to better understand the nature of motors and electric storage systems for application in automobiles, trucks or motorcycles. The early chapters of the book are accessible to technically literate people who need to know something about cars. While the rst chapter is historical in nature, the second chapter is a good introduction to automobiles, including dynamics of propulsion and braking. The third chapter discusses, in some detail, spark ignition and compression ignition (Diesel) engines. The fourth chapter discusses the nature of transmission systems.” —James Kirtley, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA “The third edition covers extensive topics in modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles, in which the profound knowledge, mathematical modeling, simulations, and control are clearly presented. Featured with design of various vehicle drivetrains, as well as a multi-objective optimization software, it is an estimable work to meet the needs of automotive industry.” —Haiyan Henry Zhang, Purdue University, USA “The extensive combined experience of the authors have produced an extensive volume covering a broad range but detailed topics on the principles, design and architectures of Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles in a well-structured, clear and concise manner. The volume offers a complete overview of technologies, their selection, integration & control, as well as an interesting Technical Overview of the Toyota Prius. The technical chapters are complemented with example problems and user guides to assist the reader in practical calculations through the use of common scientic computing packages. It will be of interest mainly to research postgraduates working in this eld as well as established academic researchers, industrial R&D engineers and allied professionals.” —Christopher Donaghy-Sparg, Durham University, United Kingdom The book deals with the fundamentals, theoretical bases, and design methodologies of conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). The design methodology is described in mathematical terms, step-by-step, and the topics are approached from the overall drive train system, not just individual components. Furthermore, in explaining the design methodology of each drive train, design examples are presented with simulation results. All the chapters have been updated, and two new chapters on Mild Hybrids and Optimal Sizing and Dimensioning and Control are also included • Chapters updated throughout the text. • New homework problems, solutions, and examples. • Includes two new chapters. • Features accompanying MATLABTM software.
Book Synopsis Simulation and Optimization of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle by : Darren Brown
Download or read book Simulation and Optimization of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle written by Darren Brown and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this research is to improve the design of a fuel cell battery hybrid vehicle through the use of an advanced vehicle powertrain simulator. The first part of this project involves the development of the simulation package from an existing MATLAB/Simulink based model. This model is modified and improved to more accurately simulate the real-world vehicle and also to allow for various parametric studies to be performed. The resulting simulation package is called Light, Fast, and Modifiable or LFM. Three different parametric studies are performed using the LFM simulation platform. The first involves vehicle design parameters. This experiment studies the effect of various vehicle parameters such as tire rolling resistance, vehicle mass, drag coefficient on vehicle performance. The second study involves hybrid control strategy parameters. The hybrid control strategy controls the flow of power between each of the power sources and is vital to proper vehicle performance. This experiment studies the effect of various scaling factors in the hybrid control strategy. The third parametric study involves the input drive cycle. A drive cycle is a speed vs. time data set that effectively "drives" the simulation. This experiment studies how different statistical quantities that describe a drive cycle (such as average speed, average acceleration, etc.) affect vehicle performance. Also using the LFM vehicle simulator, a new hybrid control strategy, called Drive Cycle Recognition (DCR), is developed and investigated. DCR involves classification of the current vehicle drive cycle (speed vs. time history) based on certain representative drive cycles. The identification is performed using the key statistical information explored in the drive cycle parametric study. It is shown that DCR can be used in a simulated environment to significantly improve upon the current strategy by addressing faults in the most sensitive parameters. Furthermore, a real world implementation of DCR on the University of Delaware Fuel Cell Bus shows that the current fuel cell configuration is undersized for the effective use of DCR. Finally, the LFM simulator is used to perform a Degree-of-Hybridization (DOH) analysis. This analysis involves experimenting with different balances between the power sources available in a hybrid vehicle. It is shown that an optimum balance exists for each driving style, but a significant compromise is needed to cover all driving styles the vehicle is likely to encounter.
Book Synopsis Electric and Hybrid Vehicles by : Amir Khajepour
Download or read book Electric and Hybrid Vehicles written by Amir Khajepour and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-03-05 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An advanced level introductory book covering fundamental aspects, design and dynamics of electric and hybrid electric vehicles There is significant demand for an understanding of the fundamentals, technologies, and design of electric and hybrid electric vehicles and their components from researchers, engineers, and graduate students. Although there is a good body of work in the literature, there is still a great need for electric and hybrid vehicle teaching materials. Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Technologies, Modeling and Control – A Mechatronic Approach is based on the authors’ current research in vehicle systems and will include chapters on vehicle propulsion systems, the fundamentals of vehicle dynamics, EV and HEV technologies, chassis systems, steering control systems, and state, parameter and force estimations. The book is highly illustrated, and examples will be given throughout the book based on real applications and challenges in the automotive industry. Designed to help a new generation of engineers needing to master the principles of and further advances in hybrid vehicle technology Includes examples of real applications and challenges in the automotive industry with problems and solutions Takes a mechatronics approach to the study of electric and hybrid electric vehicles, appealing to mechanical and electrical engineering interests Responds to the increase in demand of universities offering courses in newer electric vehicle technologies
Book Synopsis Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles by : Mehrdad Ehsani
Download or read book Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles written by Mehrdad Ehsani and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air pollution, global warming, and the steady decrease in petroleum resources continue to stimulate interest in the development of safe, clean, and highly efficient transportation. Building on the foundation of the bestselling first edition, Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles: Fundamentals, Theory, and Design, Second Edition updates and expands its detailed coverage of the vehicle technologies that offer the most promising solutions to these issues affecting the automotive industry. Proven as a useful in-depth resource and comprehensive reference for modern automotive systems engineers, students, and researchers, this book speaks from the perspective of the overall drive train system and not just its individual components. New to the second edition: A case study appendix that breaks down the Toyota Prius hybrid system Corrections and updates of the material in the first edition Three new chapters on drive train design methodology and control principles A completely rewritten chapter on Fundamentals of Regenerative Braking Employing sufficient mathematical rigor, the authors comprehensively cover vehicle performance characteristics, EV and HEV configurations, control strategies, modeling, and simulations for modern vehicles. They also cover topics including: Drive train architecture analysis and design methodologies Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)-based drive trains Electric propulsion systems Energy storage systems Regenerative braking Fuel cell applications in vehicles Hybrid-electric drive train design The first edition of this book gave practicing engineers and students a systematic reference to fully understand the essentials of this new technology. This edition introduces newer topics and offers deeper treatments than those included in the first. Revised many times over many years, it will greatly aid engineers, students, researchers, and other professionals who are working in automotive-related industries, as well as those in government and academia.
Book Synopsis Modeling, Simulation, and Concept Studies of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain by : Markus Özbek
Download or read book Modeling, Simulation, and Concept Studies of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain written by Markus Özbek and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling and control of a series configured hybrid electric vehicle for parametric study by : Troy Brendon Savoie
Download or read book Modeling and control of a series configured hybrid electric vehicle for parametric study written by Troy Brendon Savoie and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hybrid Electric Vehicles by : Simona Onori
Download or read book Hybrid Electric Vehicles written by Simona Onori and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-16 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This SpringerBrief deals with the control and optimization problem in hybrid electric vehicles. Given that there are two (or more) energy sources (i.e., battery and fuel) in hybrid vehicles, it shows the reader how to implement an energy-management strategy that decides how much of the vehicle’s power is provided by each source instant by instant. Hybrid Electric Vehicles: •introduces methods for modeling energy flow in hybrid electric vehicles; •presents a standard mathematical formulation of the optimal control problem; •discusses different optimization and control strategies for energy management, integrating the most recent research results; and •carries out an overall comparison of the different control strategies presented. Chapter by chapter, a case study is thoroughly developed, providing illustrative numerical examples that show the basic principles applied to real-world situations. The brief is intended as a straightforward tool for learning quickly about state-of-the-art energy-management strategies. It is particularly well-suited to the needs of graduate students and engineers already familiar with the basics of hybrid vehicles but who wish to learn more about their control strategies.
Book Synopsis Hybrid Electric Vehicles by : Chris Mi
Download or read book Hybrid Electric Vehicles written by Chris Mi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest developments in the field of hybrid electric vehicles Hybrid Electric Vehicles provides an introduction to hybrid vehicles, which include purely electric, hybrid electric, hybrid hydraulic, fuel cell vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric, and off-road hybrid vehicular systems. It focuses on the power and propulsion systems for these vehicles, including issues related to power and energy management. Other topics covered include hybrid vs. pure electric, HEV system architecture (including plug-in & charging control and hydraulic), off-road and other industrial utility vehicles, safety and EMC, storage technologies, vehicular power and energy management, diagnostics and prognostics, and electromechanical vibration issues. Hybrid Electric Vehicles, Second Edition is a comprehensively updated new edition with four new chapters covering recent advances in hybrid vehicle technology. New areas covered include battery modelling, charger design, and wireless charging. Substantial details have also been included on the architecture of hybrid excavators in the chapter related to special hybrid vehicles. Also included is a chapter providing an overview of hybrid vehicle technology, which offers a perspective on the current debate on sustainability and the environmental impact of hybrid and electric vehicle technology. Completely updated with new chapters Covers recent developments, breakthroughs, and technologies, including new drive topologies Explains HEV fundamentals and applications Offers a holistic perspective on vehicle electrification Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Principles and Applications with Practical Perspectives, Second Edition is a great resource for researchers and practitioners in the automotive industry, as well as for graduate students in automotive engineering.
Book Synopsis Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles by : National Research Council
Download or read book Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-03 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various combinations of commercially available technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars, sport-utility vehicles, minivans, and other light-duty vehicles without compromising vehicle performance or safety. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy estimates the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition diesel, and hybrid. According to its estimates, adopting the full combination of improved technologies in medium and large cars and pickup trucks with spark-ignition engines could reduce fuel consumption by 29 percent at an additional cost of $2,200 to the consumer. Replacing spark-ignition engines with diesel engines and components would yield fuel savings of about 37 percent at an added cost of approximately $5,900 per vehicle, and replacing spark-ignition engines with hybrid engines and components would reduce fuel consumption by 43 percent at an increase of $6,000 per vehicle. The book focuses on fuel consumption-the amount of fuel consumed in a given driving distance-because energy savings are directly related to the amount of fuel used. In contrast, fuel economy measures how far a vehicle will travel with a gallon of fuel. Because fuel consumption data indicate money saved on fuel purchases and reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, the book finds that vehicle stickers should provide consumers with fuel consumption data in addition to fuel economy information.
Book Synopsis Optimal Energy Management System of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle by : Harpreetsingh Banvait
Download or read book Optimal Energy Management System of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle written by Harpreetsingh Banvait and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) are new generation Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) with larger battery capacity compared to Hybrid Electric Vehicles. They can store electrical energy from a domestic power supply and can drive the vehicle alone in Electric Vehicle (EV) mode. According to the U.S. Department of Transportation 80 % of the American driving public on average drives under 50 miles per day. A PHEV vehicle that can drive up to 50 miles by making maximum use of cheaper electrical energy from a domestic supply can significantly reduce the conventional fuel consumption. This may also help in improving the environment as PHEVs emit less harmful gases. However, the Energy Management System (EMS) of PHEVs would have to be very different from existing EMSs of HEVs. In this thesis, three different Energy Management Systems have been designed specifically for PHEVs using simulated study. For most of the EMS development mathematical vehicle models for powersplit drivetrain configuration are built and later on the results are tested on advanced vehicle modeling tools like ADVISOR or PSAT. The main objective of the study is to design EMSs to reduce fuel consumption by the vehicle. These EMSs are compared with existing EMSs which show overall improvement. x In this thesis the final EMS is designed in three intermediate steps. First, a simple rule based EMS was designed to improve the fuel economy for parametric study. Second, an optimized EMS was designed with the main objective to improve fuel economy of the vehicle. Here Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is used to obtain the optimum parameter values. This EMS has provided optimum parameters which result in optimum blended mode operation of the vehicle. Finally, to obtain optimum charge depletion and charge sustaining mode operation of the vehicle an advanced PSO EMS is designed which provides optimal results for the vehicle to operate in charge depletion and charge sustaining modes. Furthermore, to implement the developed advanced PSO EMS in real-time a possible real time implementation technique is designed using neural networks. This neural network implementation provides sub-optimal results as compared to advanced PSO EMS results but it can be implemented in real time in a vehicle. These EMSs can be used to obtain optimal results for the vehicle driving conditions such that fuel economy is improved. Moreover, the optimal designed EMS can also be implemented in real-time using the neural network procedure described.
Book Synopsis Extended Range Electric Vehicle Powertrain Simulation and Comparison with Consideration of Fuel Cell and Metal-air Battery by : Caixia Wang
Download or read book Extended Range Electric Vehicle Powertrain Simulation and Comparison with Consideration of Fuel Cell and Metal-air Battery written by Caixia Wang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The automotive industry has been in a period of energy transformation from fossil fuels to a clean energy economy due to the economic pressures resulting from the energy crisis and the need for stricter environmental protection policies. Among various clean energy systems are electric vehicles, with lithium-ion batteries have the largest market share because of their stable performance and they are a relatively mature technology. However, two disadvantages limit the development of electric vehicles: charging time and energy density. In order to mitigate these challenges, vehicle Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) have developed different vehicle architectures to extend the vehicle range, including the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), and Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV). In this project, two advanced EREV powertrains have been modeled and simulated by using a lithium-ion battery as the primary energy source, with the combination of a fuel cell (FCV) or zinc-air battery as the range extenders. These two technologies were chosen as potential range extenders because of their high energy density and low life cycle emissions. The objective of this project is to compare the combined energy system (zinc-air and lithium-ion battery, fuel cell and lithium-ion battery) powered vehicles with gasoline powered vehicles (baseline vehicle, ICE engine extended range electric vehicle) and battery electric vehicles (BEV) in dimensions of energy consumption, range, emissions, cost, and customer acceptance. In order to achieve this goal, a unique zinc-air battery model was developed in this work with consideration of research data and current market status, and a control logic of the dual energy systems powertrain was created in the vehicle modeling software. A 2015 Chevrolet Camaro had been chosen as the vehicle architecture platform, with modelling of the five vehicle powertrains being built within Autonomie. This vehicle modeling software, developed by Argonne National Laboratory, runs with MATLAB/Simulink, and contains embedded drive cycles and analysis tools needed to perform the necessary simulations. Since the emission analysis in the Autonomie model only considers the vehicle in energy consumption and tailpipe emissions, therefore a Well-to-Wheel analysis method is introduced to evaluate the energy life cycle. This method takes into account the emissions from the energy production and considers the vehicle tailpipe emission. After finished all the simulations, a decision matrix was developed to compare these five powertrains from the metrics of energy consumption, emissions, customer acceptance, and life cycle cost. Three substantial conclusions were obtained from the comparison: The powertrains without use engine and gasoline as the power source have the lower tailpipe emissions and greenhouse gas emissions. The powertrains based on battery power alone, i.e. metal air extended range electric vehicle (MA-EREV) and battery electric vehicle (BEV) are not able to achieve the total range target, likely because of the relative high vehicle mass caused by the weight of the battery pack. However MA-EREV got the highest marks compared to other powertrains. However, metal-air battery is a new technology, and there are no prototypes of the technology, thus full commercialization is expected to take some time.
Book Synopsis Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels by : National Research Council
Download or read book Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-04-14 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a century, almost all light-duty vehicles (LDVs) have been powered by internal combustion engines operating on petroleum fuels. Energy security concerns about petroleum imports and the effect of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on global climate are driving interest in alternatives. Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels assesses the potential for reducing petroleum consumption and GHG emissions by 80 percent across the U.S. LDV fleet by 2050, relative to 2005. This report examines the current capability and estimated future performance and costs for each vehicle type and non-petroleum-based fuel technology as options that could significantly contribute to these goals. By analyzing scenarios that combine various fuel and vehicle pathways, the report also identifies barriers to implementation of these technologies and suggests policies to achieve the desired reductions. Several scenarios are promising, but strong, and effective policies such as research and development, subsidies, energy taxes, or regulations will be necessary to overcome barriers, such as cost and consumer choice.
Book Synopsis Fuel Cell Hybrid EVs by : Ronald K Jurgen
Download or read book Fuel Cell Hybrid EVs written by Ronald K Jurgen and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2010-11-29 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With production and planning for new electric vehicles gaining momentum worldwide, this book – the fifth in a series of five volumes on this subject – provides engineers and researchers with perspectives on the most current and innovative developments regarding electric and hybrid-electric vehicle technology, design considerations, and components. This book features 14 SAE technical papers, published from 2008 through 2010, that look at innovative engineering approaches to meeting the major technological challenges associated with fuel cells. Topics covered include: Advances in powertrain systems for fuel cell vehicles Diagnostic design processes for developmental vehicles Application of two fuel cells in hybrid electric vehicles Research and design of a centrifugal compressor for fuel cell turbocharger The future of fuel cell hybrid EVs
Book Synopsis Parallel-series Multimode Compressed Natural Gas Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle by : Jean-Baptiste Gallo
Download or read book Parallel-series Multimode Compressed Natural Gas Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle written by Jean-Baptiste Gallo and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Design and Control of a Unique Hydrogen Fuel Cell Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle by : Michael Giannikouris
Download or read book Design and Control of a Unique Hydrogen Fuel Cell Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle written by Michael Giannikouris and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The University of Waterloo Alternative Fuels Team (UWAFT) is a student team that designs and builds vehicles with advanced powertrains. UWAFT uses alternatives to fossil fuels because of their lower environmental impacts and the finite nature of oil resources. UWAFT participated in the EcoCAR Advanced Vehicle Technology Competition (AVTC) from 2008 to 2011. The team designed and built a Hydrogen Fuel Cell Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (FC-PHEV) and placed 3rd out of 16 universities from across North America. UWAFT design projects offer students a unique opportunity to advance and augment their core engineering knowledge with hands-on learning in a project-based environment. The design of thermal management systems for powertrain components is a case study for design engineering which requires solving open ended problems, and is a topic that is of growing importance in undergraduate engineering courses. Students participating in this design project learn to develop strategies to overcome uncertainty and to evaluate and execute designs that are not as straightforward as those in a textbook. Electrical and control system projects require students to introduce considerations for reliability and robustness into their design processes that typically only focus on performance and function, and to make decisions that balance these considerations in an environment where these criteria impact the successful outcome of the project. The consequences of a failure or unreliable design also have serious safety implications, particularly in the implementation of powertrain controls. Students integrate safety into every step of control system design, using tools to identify and link together component failures and vehicle faults, to design detection and mitigation strategies for safety-critical failures, and to validate these strategies in real-time simulations. Student teams have the opportunity to offer a rich learning environment for undergraduate engineering students. The design projects and resources that they provide can significantly advance student knowledge, experience, and skills in a way that complements the technical knowledge gained in the classroom. Finding ways to provide these experiences to more undergraduate students, either outside or within existing core courses, has the potential to enhance the value of program graduates.
