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Author : Kuo-Nan Liou
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Parameterization of the Radiative Properties of Clouds written by Kuo-Nan Liou and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Gerard Donald Wittman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 71 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Parameterization of the Solar and Infrared Radiative Properties of Clouds written by Gerard Donald Wittman and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflection, transmission and absorption of solar radiation by 4 cloud types (low, middle, high and stratus clouds) are computed as functions of the solar zenith angle and cloud liquid water/ice content; and reflection, transmission and emission of infrared radiation by cirrus clouds are calculated as functions of cloud ice content. The plane-parallel radiative transfer program employed is based on the discrete-ordinate method with applications to inhomogeneous atmospheres covering the entire solar and infrared spectrums and taking into account the gaseous absorption in scattering atmospheres. Effects of surface reflectivity on the solar radiative properties of clouds are parameterized in terms of the water vapor absorptivity below the cloud, ground reflection and average cloud reflection. The parameterized empirical-theoretical functions for the solar and infrared radiative properties of clouds are used in a global radiation budget model. The resulting radiation balance of the earth-atmosphere system matched satellite observations of planetary albedo, absorption of solar radiation, and upwelling infrared radiation more closely than did earlier computed models. The planetary albedo was calculated to be 0.31.
Author : Z. SUN
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (77 download)
Download or read book Parameterization of ice cloud radiative properties and its application to the potential climatic importance of mixed-phase clouds written by Z. SUN and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kuo-Nan Liou
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9780195049107
Total Pages : 487 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (491 download)
Download or read book Radiation and Cloud Processes in the Atmosphere written by Kuo-Nan Liou and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 1992 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an up-to-date treatment of atmospheric science and the key roles of solar radiation and cloud layers.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Modeling of Cloud/Radiation Processes for Large-Scale Clouds and Tropical Anvils written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This final report includes five reprints and preprints of papers associated with the modeling of cloud/radiation processes for large-scale clouds and tropical anvils. These papers present (1) a three-dimensional large-scale cloud model for testing the role of radiative heating and ice phase processes, (2) parameterization of the radiative properties of cirrus clouds, (3) discussion of the scattering and absorption properties of ice crystals in relation to numerical modeling, (4) improvements of an ice-phase microphysics parameterization for use in cloud models, and (5) physical discussions on the interactions of radiation and convection in simulated tropical cloud clusters using a cumulus ensemble model. Radiation parameterization, Radiative transfer, Cloud model, Cumulus ensemble, Cloud microphysics parameterization.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Impact of the Ice Phase on a Mesoscale Convective System written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study attempts to provide further understanding of the effect of the ice phase on cloud ensemble features which are useful for improving GCM cumulus parameterization. In addition, cloud model results are used to diagnose the radiative properties of anvils in order to assess cloud/radiation interaction and its feedback on the larger-scale climate for the future work. The heat, moisture and mass budget analyses of a simulated squall line system indicate that, at least for this type of system, the inclusion of the ice phase in the microphysics does not considerably change the net cloud heating and drying effects and the feedback on the large-scale motion. Nonetheless, its impact on the radiative properties of clouds significantly influences not only the squall line system itself, but also the larger-scale circulation due to the favorable stratification for long-lasting anvil clouds. The water budget suggests a simple methodology to parameterize the microphysical effect without considering it as a model physics module. Further application of the water budget might also be used to parameterize the cloud transport of condensates in the anvil cloud region, which allows the GCM columns to interact with each other. The findings of this study suggest that the ice phase could be ignored in the cloud parameterization in order to save significant amounts of computational resources and to simplify the model physics. More scientific effort should, however, be focused on the effect of the ice phase to further explore cloud feedback on the large-scale climate through the radiative process. The cloud/radiation interaction and its feedback on the larger-scale climate will be addressed in a companion study by coupling the radiative transfer model with the cloud model. 19 refs., 13 figs.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (894 download)
Download or read book Improvements in Modeling the Microphysical and Radiative Properties of Cirrus Clouds Using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main work activity during this period was the refinement and GCM parameterization of the treatment of ice cloud radiative properties, developed for this project. The treatment has now been rigorously tested and improved, and can now be used with confidence in radiation transfer schemes. The ice Cloud radiation scheme has also proven useful in satellite remote sensing. The radiation scheme differs from others in the thermal infrared, where it is assumed that photon tunneling does not occur for real ice particles (tunneling can be viewed as a process by which photons outside a particle's area-cross section can still be absorbed). Single particle T-matrix and Mie calculations suggest that a particle's ability to capture energy through tunneling depends on surface morphology, with more tunneling the more circular (or less angular) a surface is. This assumption leads to retrievals of mean particle size which are similar to those observed in tropical cirrus by optical imaging probes, whereas retrieved sizes using Mie theory are about 1/3 those predicted by this scheme. The retrieval method requires channels in the 8--9 [mu]m and 11--12 [mu]m ranges. This assumption about tunneling, as well as treating size distributions in the radiation scheme as bimodal, allows retrievals over a broader range of mean particle size than previous schemes permitted, making such size retrievals applicable to most types of cirrus clouds.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (488 download)
Download or read book Undervisningsplan for Specialkurser i Husholdning ved Aarhus Universitet written by and published by . This book was released on 1945 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Parameterization and Analysis of 3-D Solar Radiative Transfer in Clouds written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document reports on the research that we have done over the course of our two-year project. The report also covers the research done on this project during a 1 year no-cost extension of the grant. Our work has had two main, inter-related thrusts: The first thrust was to characterize the response of stratocumulus cloud structure and dynamics to systematic changes in cloud infrared radiative cooling and solar heating using one-dimensional radiative transfer models. The second was to couple a three-dimensional (3-D) solar radiative transfer model to the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model that we use to simulate stratocumulus. The purpose of the studies with 3-D radiative transfer was to examine the possible influences of 3-D photon transport on the structure, evolution, and radiative properties of stratocumulus. While 3-D radiative transport has been examined in static cloud environments, few studies have attempted to examine whether the 3-D nature of radiative absorption and emission influence the structure and evolution of stratocumulus. We undertook this dual approach because only a small number of LES simulations with the 3-D radiative transfer model are possible due to the high computational costs. Consequently, LES simulations with a 1-D radiative transfer solver were used in order to examine the portions of stratocumulus parameter space that may be most sensitive to perturbations in the radiative fields. The goal was then to explore these sensitive regions with LES using full 3-D radiative transfer. Our overall goal was to discover whether 3-D radiative processes alter cloud structure and evolution, and whether this may have any indirect implications for cloud radiative properties. In addition, we collaborated with Dr. Tamas Varni, providing model output fields for his attempt at parameterizing 3-D radiative effects for cloud models.
Author : Alexander A. Kokhanovsky
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781402039553
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (395 download)
Download or read book Cloud Optics written by Alexander A. Kokhanovsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-07 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clouds affect the climate of the Earth, and they are an important factor in the weather. Therefore, their radiative properties must be understood in great detail. This book summarizes current knowledge on cloud optical properties, for example their ability to absorb, transmit, and reflect light, which depends on the clouds’ geometrical and microphysical characteristics such as sizes of droplets and crystals, their shapes, and structures. In addition, problems related to the image transfer through clouds and cloud remote sensing are addressed in this book in great detail. This book can be an important source of information on theoretical cloud optics for cloud physicists, meteorologists and optical engineers. All basic ideas of optics as related to scattering of light in clouds (e.g. Mie theory and radiative transfer) are considered in a self consistent way. Consequently, the book can also be a useful textbook to newcomers to the field.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Development and Testing of Parameterizations for Continental and Tropical Ice Cloud Microphysical and Radiative Properties in GCM and Mesoscale Models. Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall purpose of this research was to exploit measurements in clouds sampled during several field programs, especially from experiments in tropical regions, in a four-component study to develop and validate cloud parameterizations for general circulation models, emphasizing ice clouds. The components were: (1) parameterization of basic properties of mid- and upper-tropospheric clouds, such as condensed water content, primarily with respect to cirrus from tropical areas; (2) the second component was to develop parameterizations which express cloud radiative properties in terms of basic cloud microphysical properties, dealing primarily with tropical oceanic cirrus clouds and continental thunderstorm anvils, but also including altocumulus clouds; (3) the third component was to validate the parameterizations through use of ground-based measurements calibrated using existing and planned in-situ measurements of cloud microphysical properties and bulk radiative properties, as well as time-resolved data collected over extended periods of time; (4) the fourth component was to implement the parameterizations in the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) community climate model (CCM) II or in the NOAA-GFDL model (by L. Donner GFDL) and to perform sensitivity studies.
Author : Peter Hobbs
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323140971
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)
Download or read book Clouds Their Formation, Optical Properties, And Effects written by Peter Hobbs and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clouds: Their Formation, Optical Properties, and Effects deals with the formation of clouds as well as the theoretical and experimental aspects of their microphysical and optical properties. Discussions are grouped under the headings of structure of clouds, interaction of passive radiation with clouds, and interaction of active radiation with clouds. This book is organized into three sections and has 11 chapters. After analyzing the spatial and temporal scales involved in the formation and organization of clouds and precipitation, this text examines the microphysical measurement techniques used in probing the microstructure of clouds. The reader is then methodically introduced to the microstructure of atmospheric clouds and precipitation; the formation and structure of fog; and basic shortwave characteristics of "ideal clouds. The temporal behavior of clouds and their interaction with the radiation field are considered, along with the possible effects of cloud models in general circulation studies. The remaining chapters explore the light scattering properties of ice crystals and the radiative characteristics of ice clouds; the laser measurements in clouds; the transmission and reflectivity of ice clouds by active probing; and the theory of multiple scattering of laser beams in clouds. The book concludes by presenting the measurements of the temporal and spatial spreading of a blue-green pulse through clouds and fogs as a function of optical thickness and receiver field-of-view. This text will be helpful to advanced researchers and program managers in terms of reviewing the state of the art and identifying those areas requiring further research efforts.
Author : Goddard Space Flight Center. Climate and Radiation Branch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Climate & Radiation Branch written by Goddard Space Flight Center. Climate and Radiation Branch and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alexander Marshak
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540285199
Total Pages : 688 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)
Download or read book 3D Radiative Transfer in Cloudy Atmospheres written by Alexander Marshak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-27 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developments in three-dimensional cloud radiation over the past few decades are assessed and distilled into this contributed volume. Chapters are authored by subject-matter experts who address a broad audience of graduate students, researchers, and anyone interested in cloud-radiation processes in the solar and infrared spectral regions. After two introductory chapters and a section on the fundamental physics and computational techniques, the volume extensively treats two main application areas: the impact of clouds on the Earth's radiation budget, which is an essential aspect of climate modeling; and remote observation of clouds, especially with the advanced sensors on current and future satellite missions.
Author : Peter V. Hobbs
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080959962
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions written by Peter V. Hobbs and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1993-07-22 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol and clouds play important roles in determining the earth's climate, in ways that we are only beginning to comprehend. In conjunction with molecular scattering from gases, aerosol and clouds determine in part what fraction of solar radiation reaches the earth's surface, and what fraction of the longwave radiation from the earth escapes to space. This book provides an overview of the latest research on atmospheric aerosol and clouds and their effects on global climate. Subjects reviewed include the direct and indirect effects of aerosol on climate, the radiative properties of clouds and their effects on the Earth's radiation balance, the incorporation of cloud effects in numerical weather prediction models, and stratospheric aerosol and clouds.
Author : 27 September - 4 October 1978) Report of the JOC Study Conference on Parameterization of Extended Cloudiness and Radiation for Climate Models (Oxford
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Report of the JOC Study Conference on Parameterization of Extended Cloudiness and Radiation for Climate Models (Oxford, 27 September - 4 October 1978). written by 27 September - 4 October 1978) Report of the JOC Study Conference on Parameterization of Extended Cloudiness and Radiation for Climate Models (Oxford and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : David J. Stensrud
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521865409
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)
Download or read book Parameterization Schemes written by David J. Stensrud and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-05-03 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: 1.
