Papers Of Clarence Mitchell Jr Volume Iv

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The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr., Volume V

Author : Clarence Mitchell Jr.
Publisher : Ohio University Press
ISBN 13 : 0821447459
Total Pages : 674 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr., Volume V by : Clarence Mitchell Jr.

Download or read book The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr., Volume V written by Clarence Mitchell Jr. and published by Ohio University Press. This book was released on 2022-08-02 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume V of The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr. records the successful effort to pass the 1957 Civil Rights Act: the first federal civil rights legislation since 1875. Prior to the US Supreme Court’s landmark 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education, the NAACP had faced an impenetrable wall of opposition from southerners in Congress. Basing their assertions on the court’s 1896 “separate but equal” decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, legislators from the South maintained that their Jim Crow system was nondiscriminatory and thus constitutional. In their view, further civil rights laws were unnecessary. In ruling that legally mandated segregation of public schools was unconstitutional, the Brown decision demolished the southerners’ argument. Mitchell then launched the decisive stage of the struggle to pass modern civil rights laws. The passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 was the first comprehensive lobbying campaign by an organization dedicated to that purpose since Reconstruction. Coming on the heels of the Brown decision, the 1957 law was a turning point in the struggle to accord Black citizens full equality under the Constitution. The act’s passage, however, was nearly derailed in the Senate by southern opposition and Senator Strom Thurmond’s record-setting filibuster, which lasted more than twenty-four hours. Congress later weakened several provisions of the act but—crucially—it broke a psychological barrier to the legislative enactment of such measures. The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr. is a detailed record of the NAACP leader’s success in bringing the legislative branch together with the judicial and executive branches to provide civil rights protections during the twentieth century.

The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr

Author : Clarence Maurice Mitchell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780821419359
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr by : Clarence Maurice Mitchell

Download or read book The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr written by Clarence Maurice Mitchell and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume IV of The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr. covers 1951, the year America entered the Korean War, through 1954, when the NAACP won its Brown v. Board of Education case, in which the Supreme Court declared that segregation was discrimination and thus unconstitutional. The decision enabled Mitchell to implement the legislative program that President Truman's Committee on Civil Rights outlined in its landmark 1947 report, To Secure These Rights. The papers show how Mitchell persuaded President Truman to extend further the Fair Employment Practices Commission idea by issuing an executive order to enforce the nondiscrimination clause in government contracts with private industry; President Eisenhower further revised and strengthened this order. Mitchell expanded President Eisenhower's commitment to ending discrimination in federal funding by leading the struggle to get Congress to enact laws barring such practices in aid to education and all similar programs. Mitchell ultimately won the support of both presidents in ending segregation in many government-supported facilities and throughout the armed services. He expanded President Eisenhower's commitment to ending discrimination in federal funding by leading the struggle to get Congress to enact laws barring such practices in aid to education and all similar programs. Volumes III and IV are an invaluable reference in tracing the NAACP's multifaceted struggle under Mitchell's leadership for passage of the civil rights laws.

The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr., Volume VI

Author : Clarence Mitchell Jr.
Publisher : Ohio University Press
ISBN 13 : 0821447467
Total Pages : 672 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr., Volume VI by : Clarence Mitchell Jr.

Download or read book The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr., Volume VI written by Clarence Mitchell Jr. and published by Ohio University Press. This book was released on 2022-08-16 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Civil Rights Act of 1960 aimed to close loopholes in its 1957 predecessor that had allowed continued voter disenfranchisement for African Americans and for Mexicans in Texas. In early 1959, the newly seated Eighty-Sixth Congress had four major civil rights bills under consideration. Eventually consolidated into the 1960 Civil Rights Act, their purpose was to correct the weaknesses in the 1957 law. Mitchell’s papers from 1959 to 1960 show the extent to which congressional resistance to the passage of meaningful civil rights laws contributed to the lunch counter sit-ins in Greensboro, North Carolina, and to subsequent demonstrations. The papers reveal how the repercussions of these events affected the NAACP’s work in Washington and how, despite their dislike of demonstrations, NAACP officials used them to intensify the civil rights struggle. Among the act’s seven titles were provisions authorizing federal inspection of local voter registration rolls and penalties for anyone attempting to interfere with voters on the basis of race or color. The law extended the powers of the US Commission on Civil Rights and broadened the legal definition of the verb to vote to encompass all elements of the process: registering, casting a ballot, and properly counting that ballot. Ultimately, Mitchell considered the 1960 act unsuccessful because Congress had failed to include key amendments that would have further strengthened the 1957 act. In the House, representatives used parliamentary tactics to stall employment protections, school desegregation, poll-tax elimination, and other meaningful civil rights reforms. The fight would continue. The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr. series is a detailed record of the NAACP leader’s success in bringing the legislative branch together with the judicial and executive branches to provide civil rights protections during the twentieth century.

The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr: 1944-1946

Author : Clarence Maurice Mitchell
Publisher : Ohio University Press
ISBN 13 : 0821416049
Total Pages : 705 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr: 1944-1946 by : Clarence Maurice Mitchell

Download or read book The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr: 1944-1946 written by Clarence Maurice Mitchell and published by Ohio University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clarence Mitchell Jr. was the driving force in the struggle for civil rights in America. Volumes I and II, part of the projected five-volume The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr., document Mitchell's crucial role during the Roosevelt years of getting the Congress to join the courts and the president in upholding the Constitutional rights of all Americans.

The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr: 1951-1954

Author : Clarence Maurice Mitchell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 770 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)

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Book Synopsis The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr: 1951-1954 by : Clarence Maurice Mitchell

Download or read book The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr: 1951-1954 written by Clarence Maurice Mitchell and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Why Do We Still Have the Electoral College?

Author : Alexander Keyssar
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674660153
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (746 download)

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Book Synopsis Why Do We Still Have the Electoral College? by : Alexander Keyssar

Download or read book Why Do We Still Have the Electoral College? written by Alexander Keyssar and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-31 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A New Statesman Book of the Year “America’s greatest historian of democracy now offers an extraordinary history of the most bizarre aspect of our representative democracy—the electoral college...A brilliant contribution to a critical current debate.” —Lawrence Lessig, author of They Don’t Represent Us Every four years, millions of Americans wonder why they choose their presidents through an arcane institution that permits the loser of the popular vote to become president and narrows campaigns to swing states. Congress has tried on many occasions to alter or scuttle the Electoral College, and in this master class in American political history, a renowned Harvard professor explains its confounding persistence. After tracing the tangled origins of the Electoral College back to the Constitutional Convention, Alexander Keyssar outlines the constant stream of efforts since then to abolish or reform it. Why have they all failed? The complexity of the design and partisan one-upmanship have a lot to do with it, as do the difficulty of passing constitutional amendments and the South’s long history of restrictive voting laws. By revealing the reasons for past failures and showing how close we’ve come to abolishing the Electoral College, Keyssar offers encouragement to those hoping for change. “Conclusively demonstrates the absurdity of preserving an institution that has been so contentious throughout U.S. history and has not infrequently produced results that defied the popular will.” —Michael Kazin, The Nation “Rigorous and highly readable...shows how the electoral college has endured despite being reviled by statesmen from James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, and Andrew Jackson to Edward Kennedy, Bob Dole, and Gerald Ford.” —Lawrence Douglas, Times Literary Supplement

Roy Wilkins

Author : Yvonne Ryan
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813143810
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Roy Wilkins by : Yvonne Ryan

Download or read book Roy Wilkins written by Yvonne Ryan and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Roy Wilkins (1901--1981) spent forty-six years of his life serving the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and led the organization for more than twenty years. Under his leadership, the NAACP spearheaded efforts that contributed to landmark civil rights legislation, including the 1964 Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act. In Roy Wilkins: The Quiet Revolutionary and the NAACP, Yvonne Ryan offers the first biography of this influential activist, as well as an analysis of his significant contributions to civil rights in America. While activists in Alabama were treading the highways between Selma and Montgomery, Wilkins was walking the corridors of power in Washington, D.C., working tirelessly in the background to ensure that the rights they fought for were protected through legislation and court rulings. With his command of congressional procedure and networking expertise, Wilkins was regarded as a strong and trusted presence on Capitol Hill, and received greater access to the Oval Office than any other civil rights leader during the presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson. Roy Wilkins fills a significant gap in the history of the civil rights movement, objectively exploring the career and impact of one of its forgotten leaders. The quiet revolutionary, who spent his life navigating the Washington political system, affirmed the extraordinary and courageous efforts of the many men and women who braved the dangers of the southern streets and challenged injustice to achieve equal rights for all Americans.

Annual Report - National Historical Publications and Records Commission

Author : United States. National Historical Publications and Records Commission
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Annual Report - National Historical Publications and Records Commission by : United States. National Historical Publications and Records Commission

Download or read book Annual Report - National Historical Publications and Records Commission written by United States. National Historical Publications and Records Commission and published by . This book was released on with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Annotation, Annual Report

Author : United States. National Historical Publications and Records Commission
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Annotation, Annual Report by : United States. National Historical Publications and Records Commission

Download or read book Annotation, Annual Report written by United States. National Historical Publications and Records Commission and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Weapons of Mississippi

Author : Kevin Dougherty
Publisher : Univ. Press of Mississippi
ISBN 13 : 1604734523
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Weapons of Mississippi by : Kevin Dougherty

Download or read book Weapons of Mississippi written by Kevin Dougherty and published by Univ. Press of Mississippi. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mississippians have long found the need for an arsenal of interesting, lethal, and imaginative weapons. Native Americans, frontier outlaws, antebellum duelists, authorities and protestors in the civil rights struggle, and present-day hunters have used weapons to survive, to advance causes, or to levy societal control. In Weapons of Mississippi, Kevin Dougherty examines the roles weapons have played in twelve phases of state history. Dougherty not only offers technical background for these devices, but he also presents a new way of understanding the state's history-through the context and development of its weapons. Chapters in the book bring the story of Mississippi's weapons up to date with a discussion of the modern naval shipbuilders on the Coast and interviews with hunters keen to pass on family traditions. As Mississippi progressed from a sparsely populated wilderness to a structured modern society, management of weaponry became one of the main requirements for establishing centralized law and order. Indians, outlaws, runaway slaves, secessionists, and night riders have all posed challenges to the often better-armed authorities. Today, weapons unite Mississippians in the popular pastime of hunting deer, turkey, dove, rabbit, and even bear. In the state's social and cultural character, a shared lore and knowledge of hunting crosses age, racial, and economic lines. Weapons, once used for mere survival, have transformed into instruments masterfully crafted for those harvesting the state's abundant game.

Boating

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Boating by :

Download or read book Boating written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: O-T

Author : Paul Finkelman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0195167791
Total Pages : 2637 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: O-T by : Paul Finkelman

Download or read book Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: O-T written by Paul Finkelman and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 2637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alphabetically-arranged entries from O to T that explores significant events, major persons, organizations, and political and social movements in African-American history from 1896 to the twenty-first-century.

Republicans and Race

Author : Timothy N. Thurber
Publisher : University Press of Kansas
ISBN 13 : 070063522X
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Republicans and Race by : Timothy N. Thurber

Download or read book Republicans and Race written by Timothy N. Thurber and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2023-04-14 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Skeptics might rationalize that Mitt Romney received a scant 6 percent of the black vote in 2012 only because African Americans would naturally favor one of their own. But since 1964, no Republican presidential candidate has attracted more than 15 percent of the black electorate, and few GOP candidates for other offices have fared much better. No segment of the American electorate is more reliably Democratic than African Americans. The GOP, meanwhile, remains nearly an all-white party. In this path-breaking book, historian Timothy Thurber illuminates the deep roots of this gulf by exploring the contentious, and sometimes surprising, relationship between African Americans and the Republican Party from the end of World War II through Richard Nixon’s presidency. The GOP, he shows, shaped the modern civil rights movement, but the struggle for racial equality also transformed the GOP. Thurber challenges conventional wisdom that the “party of Lincoln” disappeared in the mid-1960s. Prior to 1964, the GOP was indifferent or hostile to many of the demands from civil rights activists. During the height of the civil rights revolution, Republicans were essential to enacting federal policies that made American society more egalitarian. The GOP helped defend, and sometimes expanded, those reforms in the early 1970s. Conservatives were not as dominant after 1964 as scholars and pundits often portray. Yet throughout these three decades the rift between African Americans and the GOP remained substantial. They disagreed, often sharply, over the role of the federal government, particularly regarding economic matters and the integration of schools and neighborhoods. They had different views about race and American society. They also clashed in the political arena, where Republicans wrote off the black vote as unwinnable, irrelevant, or counterproductive to their drive to supplant the Democrats as the nation’s majority party. The GOP preferred to court whites nationwide, sometimes by appealing to their racial animosities. That strategy often yielded electoral success, but the legacy of the past looms large in the early twenty-first century. With its depth of research and insight, Republicans and Race will stand as a definitive study as the GOP ponders the composition of its base in future elections.

Borders of Equality

Author : Lee Sartain
Publisher : Univ. Press of Mississippi
ISBN 13 : 1617037524
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Borders of Equality by : Lee Sartain

Download or read book Borders of Equality written by Lee Sartain and published by Univ. Press of Mississippi. This book was released on 2013-03-05 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a border city Baltimore made an ideal arena to push for change during the civil rights movement. It was a city in which all forms of segregation and racism appeared vulnerable to attack by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's methods. If successful in Baltimore, the rest of the nation might follow with progressive and integrationist reforms. The Baltimore branch of the NAACP was one of the first chapters in the nation and was the largest branch in the nation by 1946. The branch undertook various forms of civil rights activity from 1914 through the 1940s that later were mainstays of the 1960s movement. Nonviolent protest, youth activism, economic boycotts, marches on state capitols, campaigns for voter registration, and pursuit of anti-lynching cases all had test runs. Remarkably, Baltimore's NAACP had the same branch president for thirty-five years starting in 1935, a woman, Lillie M. Jackson. Her work highlights gender issues and the social and political transitions among the changing civil rights groups. In Borders of Equality, Lee Sartain evaluates her leadership amid challenges from radicalized youth groups and the Black Power Movement. Baltimore was an urban industrial center that shared many characteristics with the North, and African Americans could vote there. The city absorbed a large number of black economic migrants from the South, and it exhibited racial patterns that made it more familiar to Southerners. It was one of the first places to begin desegregating its schools in September 1954 after the Brown decision, and one of the first to indicate to the nation that race was not simply a problem for the Deep South. Baltimore's history and geography make it a perfect case study to examine the NAACP and various phases of the civil rights struggle in the twentieth century

The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr: 1944-1946

Author : Clarence Maurice Mitchell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 728 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr: 1944-1946 by : Clarence Maurice Mitchell

Download or read book The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr: 1944-1946 written by Clarence Maurice Mitchell and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clarence Mitchell Jr. was the driving force in the struggle for civil rights in America. Volumes I and II, part of the projected five-volume The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr., document Mitchell's crucial role during the Roosevelt years of getting the Congress to join the courts and the president in upholding the Constitutional rights of all Americans.

Farewell to the Party of Lincoln

Author : Nancy Joan Weiss
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691218005
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Farewell to the Party of Lincoln by : Nancy Joan Weiss

Download or read book Farewell to the Party of Lincoln written by Nancy Joan Weiss and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-01 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines a remarkable political phenomenon--the dramatic shift of black voters from the Republican to the Democratic party in the 1930s, a shift all the more striking in light of the Democrats' indifference to racial concerns. Nancy J. Weiss shows that blacks became Democrats in response to the economic benefits of the New Deal and that they voted for Franklin Roosevelt in spite of the New Deal's lack of a substantive record on race. By their support for FDR blacks forged a political commitment to the Democratic party that has lasted to our own time. The last group to join the New Deal coalition, they have been the group that remained the most loyal to the Democratic party. This book explains the sources of their commitment in the 1930s. It stresses the central role of economic concerns in shaping black political behavior and clarifies both the New Deal record on race and the extraordinary relationship between black voters and the Roosevelts.

The Crisis

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Crisis by :

Download or read book The Crisis written by and published by . This book was released on 1990-11 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Crisis, founded by W.E.B. Du Bois as the official publication of the NAACP, is a journal of civil rights, history, politics, and culture and seeks to educate and challenge its readers about issues that continue to plague African Americans and other communities of color. For nearly 100 years, The Crisis has been the magazine of opinion and thought leaders, decision makers, peacemakers and justice seekers. It has chronicled, informed, educated, entertained and, in many instances, set the economic, political and social agenda for our nation and its multi-ethnic citizens.