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Book Synopsis Overwintering of Honey Bee Colonies (Classic Reprint) by : Floyd E. Moeller
Download or read book Overwintering of Honey Bee Colonies (Classic Reprint) written by Floyd E. Moeller and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-29 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Overwintering of Honey Bee Colonies Strong colonies will usually consume considerably more honey over winter than weak colonies. However, such strong colonies will usually replace most of the honey used during the winter with new honey from willow, dandelion, fruit bloom, and other early blooming sources, under the same conditions that under-developed colonies continue to lose weight or show little or no gain. The strong colony that has a large population of young bees by mid-april not only shows a smaller net loss of reserve stores at the beginning of the surplus flow in june than a subnormal colony, but also is stronger and more capable of produc ing a large surplus crop. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis Overwintering of Honey Bee Colonies by : Floyd E. Moeller
Download or read book Overwintering of Honey Bee Colonies written by Floyd E. Moeller and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Overwintering of Honey Bee Colonies by : Floyd E. Moeller
Download or read book Overwintering of Honey Bee Colonies written by Floyd E. Moeller and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Trapping Pollen from Honey Bee Colonies (Classic Reprint) by : Benjamin F. Detroy
Download or read book Trapping Pollen from Honey Bee Colonies (Classic Reprint) written by Benjamin F. Detroy and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Trapping Pollen From Honey Bee Colonies Trade names and the names of commercial companies are used in this publication solely to provide specific information. Mention of a trade name or manufacturer does not constitute a guarantee or war ranty of the product by the us. Department of Agriculture or an endorsement by the Department over other products not mentioned. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis The Temperature of the Bee Colony (Classic Reprint) by : Burton Noble Gates
Download or read book The Temperature of the Bee Colony (Classic Reprint) written by Burton Noble Gates and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Temperature of the Bee Colony Fig. 3.-the hive from above. Showing the spacing of the frames. The Corks in the cover indicate the location of the thermometers. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis Ecophysiology of Overwintering in Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera, L.). by : Mehmet Doke
Download or read book Ecophysiology of Overwintering in Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera, L.). written by Mehmet Doke and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winter is a great challenge for all animals living in the temperate climates. Among insects, honey bees are unique for their overwintering behavior. While virtually all other insect species go into diapause (a dormant state), honey bee colonies comes to a reproductive arrest but existing worker bees form a thermoregulatory cluster to generate and maintain heat against the ambient temperature (Dke, Frazier, & Grozinger, 2015). During this process, the colony solely depends on food they have collected through the previous spring and summer and stored in the form of honey for energy (Owens, 1971). Moreover, the workers in fall must survive until the end of winter since there simply cannot be worker turn-over during this broodless period (Mattila, Harris, & Otis, 2001). Thus, in fall, workers with a distinct physiological state and increased longevity are produced in the colony, replacing the short-lived summer bees (Fluri, Lscher, Wille, & Gerig, 1982; Z. Y. Huang & Robinson, 1995). Populations of honey bee colonies maintained in the same area for several generations can adapt to their environment and moving colonies between climatic regions can lower their overwintering survival, suggesting existence of selectable, genetic components for overwintering success (Bchler et al., 2014; Hatjina et al., 2014; Parker et al., 2010). On the other hand, all of the individuals throughout the year are half-sisters daughters of a multiply mated queen making them genetically similar. Yet worker bees of summer and winter are radically different in their physiology and behavior suggesting existence of differentially expressed genes that modify the individual phenotype according to environmental cues. The research presented in this dissertation establishes a solid foundation for the genetic, transcriptomic, physiological, and social components of honey bee overwintering and its regulation.Chapter 1 reviews the current state of research on honey bee overwintering and best practices to maximize survival rate of managed honey bee colonies. Additionally, using the literature, a testable hypothetical model for the environmental cues acting on honey bee overwintering is offered. We believe this model will be a useful framework for researchers in testing the effect of individual environmental parameters on honey bee overwintering, and indeed we initiate testing of this model in Chapter 5. Chapter 2 examines the molecular mechanisms underlying the unique winter bee physiological state. We evaluate expression patterns of key metabolic and antioxidant genes in the abdominal fat body tissues and thoracic flight muscles of nurses, foragers, and winter bees collected from the same colonies throughout the year. When the three groups are compared using gene expression patterns in the abdominal fat body tissues, winter bees resemble nurses. However, when the gene expression in thoracic flight muscle is compared, winter bees resemble foragers. These findings suggest two distinct genetic toolkits working in tandem in different tissues to mix-and-match expression profiles of summer workers tending different tasks to generate a novel phenotype; the winter bee.Chapter 3 explores the interactions between host physiological state and parasites, including the unique phenotype of the winter bee. Nosema is a microsporidian parasite infecting honey bees, which has been shown to alter the physiology of their hosts and increase behavioral maturation rates from nursing the foraging. However, these studies have been largely conducted by infecting one day old bees, and thus the impacts of Nosema on nurses, foragers, and winter bees have not been evaluated. Findings from this chapter show the effect of infection on longevity is greatly affected by host physiology. Moreover, previously identified Nosema responsive genes in honey bees (whose expression was altered by Nosema infection of young, cage-reared bees) were here shown to be primarily affected by the physiological state of the host rather than the infection state, suggesting that previous transcriptional studies were capturing the impact of Nosema on host maturation rather than a direct host immune response. Overall, these findings demonstrate the need for contextual experiments for realistic assessment of the effects infectious diseases have on their hosts.Chapter 4 compares the overwintering success colonies from southern (TX & FL) and northern (WV & VT) United States when placed in the same apiaries in temperate central Pennsylvania to examine the effect of genotype on winter survival and investigate whether northern stocks are locally adapted to colder and longer winters. Findings from this chapter suggest that while there are small but detectable genetic differences between populations of honey bees reared in the northern and southern United State, these differences are not associated with variation in overwintering survival. Instead, overwintering survival is greatly dependent on the size of the colony and can vary dramatically with the specific location and its associated floral resources and climatic conditions - in which the colony is placed. Chapter 5 investigates the theory that landscape floral nutritional resources and climatic conditions influence social interactions and demographic structure in the colony, which then in turn mediates the production of winter bees and prepares the colony for winter. As was proposed in Chapter 1, two worker-produced pheromones (brood pheromone and forager pheromone) can act antagonistically, creating a push and pull model for the initiation and maintenance of winter phenotype. Testing this hypothesis, we did not find evidence to support a direct effect of the pheromones on colony vigor or survival. However, this study was limited by the fact that we experimented solely in the field where multiple confounding factors likely acted on the colonies. Lastly, Chapter 6 summarizes the findings from this dissertation, integrates results with current scientific literature, and discusses the future of research on honey bee overwintering.
Book Synopsis Wintering Bees in Iowa (Classic Reprint) by : Frank C. Pellett
Download or read book Wintering Bees in Iowa (Classic Reprint) written by Frank C. Pellett and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-08 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Wintering Bees in Iowa F. W. Hall, Colo, Story County: After trying every plan have decided that for Iowa conditions cellar wintering is best. Of equal numbers wintered in cellar and packed outside losses have been several times greater in outdoor wintered colonies. (sioux County). In Story county lost only one colony in 356 wintered in the cellar. In one cel lar which was too warm losses were heavier. When bees are in right condition they will winter in almost any hole in the ground. No ap parent differences in results whether t0ps and bottoms are left on, or removed. W. S. Pangburn, Center Junction, Jones County: A seven-eighth inch entrance is used winter and summer. The bees are tiered up five high in cellar with front of hive one inch lower than back. The door is frequently opened at night to let in fresh air. Temperature is not so important as proper ventilation and a dry cellar. The results of win tering are frequently perfect, but have had some losses when honey dew was mixed with the stores. Spring dwindling is caused by putting the bees out too early. Plenty of stores for early brood rear ing are important. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis Practical Treatise on the Hive and Honey-Bee (Classic Reprint) by : L. L. Langstroth
Download or read book Practical Treatise on the Hive and Honey-Bee (Classic Reprint) written by L. L. Langstroth and published by . This book was released on 2015-08-04 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Practical Treatise on the Hive and Honey-Bee I Am happy to learn from my friend Mr. Langstroth, that a new edition of his work on the economy and proper treatment of the Honey-Bee, is called for; I consider it by far the most valuable treatise on this subject, which has come under my notice. Some years before it was published, I became acquainted with the main characteristics of the method which he pursues and which it describes. Even then, I believed that method to be incomparably superior to all others of which I had either read or heard. This conviction has been amply strengthened by the testimony of others, as well as by results which have come under my own observation. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis The Wisdom of the Hive by : Thomas D Seeley
Download or read book The Wisdom of the Hive written by Thomas D Seeley and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes and illustrates the results of more than fifteen years of elegant experimental studies conducted by the author to investigate how a colony of bees is organized to gather its resources. The results of his research--including studies of the shaking signal, tremble dance, and waggle dance--offer the clearest, most detailed picture available of how a highly integrated animal society works.
Book Synopsis The Wintering of Bees in Ontario (Classic Reprint) by : Morley Pettit
Download or read book The Wintering of Bees in Ontario (Classic Reprint) written by Morley Pettit and published by . This book was released on 2016-06-23 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Wintering of Bees in Ontario The beekeepers of Ontario lose from 10 per cent. To 50 per cent. Of their colonies through winter loss and f' spring dwindling every year. The colonies which survive, being subjected to the same conditions, are weakened in population and vitality in the same proportion. This is an enormous waste which, if applied to other live stock, would be ascribed to some epidemic. The majority of bee keepers, however, take the smaller loss as a matter of course, and the larger with plans to do better next year. It would be surprising that the heaviest loss usually occurs in the southern counties, if pue did not remember human nature, and the fact that be'es will winter there after a fashion in an average winter with out protection. They are, therefore, not protected, and the periodical old fashioned winter takes off 75 per cent. 'of them, completely destroying many whole apiaries. The bee literature of America for a generation and more has been filled with theories on the wintering of bees and the causes of loss. Many of these theories have since been exploded or ignored; but, as a result of countless experiments and a free interchange of ideas, successful beekeepers 'have developed methods of winter ing founded on principles which recent scientific investigation is proving to be in the main correct. It would be useless, and often unfair, to attempt to give credit to the originators of different methods or ideas. Like hive-nectar in a honey- ow, these are free currency amongst bee-keepers who read and attend conventions, and when credit is given, the inventor is liable to be ignored and the copyist made famous. It has been well said that bees cannot be managed by rule, as they never do things invariably. No doubt, if we understood all the factors of environment and the in uence of each on bee-behavior, we could say that, given such and such conditions, and bees will behave so and so. In wintering bees in Ontario, bee keepers follow two opposite plans. Isome place their bees in a repository, such as a cellar underground, where they attempt to keep them inactive by trying to con trol all the factors of environment, such as light, temperature, ventilation, etc, until such time as the season and weather permit them to resume their summer activities. Others protect the hives on their summer stands, leaving the bees free to come out and y whenever weather permits. Both of these plans, when carried out intelligently, have been found to yield good results, and while much is yet to be explained in this difficult problem successful wintering has been more nearly reduced to a rule of thumb than almost any other branch of bee management. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works."
Book Synopsis Wintering Bees in Canada (Classic Reprint) by : C. B. Gooderham
Download or read book Wintering Bees in Canada (Classic Reprint) written by C. B. Gooderham and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-20 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Wintering Bees in Canada Canada every winter large numbers of colonies which a little more care and better management would have saved. In addition, many more are so seriously weakened, also through lack of care, that they fail to build up in time for the main honey flow. It is far better to give the bees the necessary care in the fall than it is to find empty and depleted hives in the spring and making the bees that survive spend the best part of the summer in filling them again. The remarkably high yields of first-grade honey in most parts of Canada should offer enough financial inducement to prepare the bees for the winter with the utmost care. To put off the preparation until the cold weather has arrived is to court disaster, because exposing the bees to cold early in the winter and disturbing them during the cold weather are injurious. The long, cold winter in most parts of Canada is not so hard on bees as might be imagined; and in some respects wintering is easier than in a milder climate. This is because the bees rest more completely during the winter months instead of wearing themselves out with useless activity. Few conditions are harder on the bees than very mild weather during the late winter when they wear themselves out and die by the thousands trying to raise a little brood and flying out to visit the early flowers in chilly and changeable weather. These conditions occur to some extent on Vancouver island. In most parts of Canada, however, the winter rest continues until sometime in April. Then come quickly the long warm days; the bees build up rapidly; and the colonies become strong in a remarkably short time. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis The Bee Preserver by : Jonas de Gelieu
Download or read book The Bee Preserver written by Jonas de Gelieu and published by . This book was released on 2015-07-21 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Bee Preserver: Or Practical Directions for the Management and Preservation of Hives In respectfully dedicating this little Work to the Highland Society of Scotland, the Translator hopes, that, under their efficient and enlightened patronage, it may be made generally known in Scotland, where the system which it explains is calculated to be as extensively applicable, and as highly profitable, as it has proved in the native mountains of its amiable and venerable Author. It seems, indeed, both from the plain practical directions which it contains, and the valuable discoveries which it communicates relative to the history and economy of bees, to be singularly adapted to forward the views of the Society, who have this year turned their attention to the encouragement of Apiaries among the peasantry of our own country; and it is no small advantage, that the rules laid down are applicable to hives of every form. The Translator has no fear of its being objected, that plans which are very suitable in Switzerland, may be less successful as applied to Scotland. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis The Hive and the Honey-Bee by : H. D. Richardson
Download or read book The Hive and the Honey-Bee written by H. D. Richardson and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Hive and the Honey-Bee: With Plain Directions for Obtaining a Considerable Annual Income From This Branch of Rural Economy; To Which Is Added, an Account of the Diseases of Bees, With Their Remedies To resume: As boyhood merged into manhood, so did my zoological predilections acquire additional strength, and it fortunately happened that at this period many circumstances combined to afford me facility for their indulgence. Need I add that I eagerly availed myself of these; need I add that I cultivated poultry, and strove to improve our domestic varieties by intermixture with foreign stock; that successively the Horse, Dog, Cow, Hog, and other animals, engaged, as opportunity offered, my close attention; and when it will be recollected that I studied the habits and natures of these animals with an interest of a peculiar nature, is it to be wondered at that I should have done so with success, Or that it should be now a source of so much gratification to me to publish, for the benefit of others, the result of my observations? About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis Management of Out-Apiaries by : G. M. Doolittle
Download or read book Management of Out-Apiaries written by G. M. Doolittle and published by . This book was released on 2015-08-05 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Management of Out-Apiaries: Or an Average of 1141/2 Pounds of Honey Per Colony in a Poor Season, and How It Was Done About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis Gleanings in Bee Culture, 1920, Vol. 48 (Classic Reprint) by : E. R. Root
Download or read book Gleanings in Bee Culture, 1920, Vol. 48 (Classic Reprint) written by E. R. Root and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-26 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Gleanings in Bee Culture, 1920, Vol. 48 We are now prepared to furnish Protection hives with Standard Hoffman Frames the same as in the past, or Standard Jumbo Depth Frames ten to the hive body, or those with -inch spacing nine frames to the hive body. The same size covers, bottoms, and rims as used in the past will be supplied, the only difference will be in the depth of the hive body when the Jumbo frame is wanted. Standard single wall hive, comb or extracted honey supers or bodies in the 10-frame size, are regular equipment for Protection Hives. Send for a new special circular of the Protection Hive which has been just issued. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis Gleanings in Bee Culture, 1898, Vol. 26 by :
Download or read book Gleanings in Bee Culture, 1898, Vol. 26 written by and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-11 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Gleanings in Bee Culture, 1898, Vol. 26: A Journal Devoted to Bees, and Honey, and Home Interests While speaking of foul brood I may. Say something of my experience with it. In Jan uary, 1894, I purchased an apiary that was dis eased. The former owner had transferred some combs, and used them in the extracting super. These combs had the very first begin ning of foul brood in them. In this way he introduced the disease to a nice apiary, and at the end of two years - the time I purchased the stock - I think it was four colonies that were pretty badly diseased, two of them very bad. The first year I had them, four more colonies developed it. The second year, two the third year, one while the fourth year (1897) none showed disease. During this experience I have watched it very closely and, so far as it goes, I am led to believe that the disease. Does not progress very rapidly at first. I should expect, where slight contagion has been introduced, say in the fall or early spring, that the colony infect ed might live over that summer, possibly to die the next spring and be robbed out, and so communicate the disease to a number of other colonies in the yard. At this rate, about three years from the introduction of the disease would practically finish an apiary if it were not looked after. Possibly it may develop more rapidly at times but this is my observa tion in one of my own apiaries, covering a term of four seasons, every colony thoroughly inspected from four to six times each season. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis The Temperature of the Honeybee Cluster in Winter (Classic Reprint) by : Everett Franklin Phillips
Download or read book The Temperature of the Honeybee Cluster in Winter (Classic Reprint) written by Everett Franklin Phillips and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-12-07 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Temperature of the Honeybee Cluster in Winter A special reason for this emphasis in a preliminary paper is that all previous work on the temperature of the cluster in winter, of which there has been considerable, has failed to show definitely What the normal responses are. The data are often those of abnormal con ditions and are therefore misleading, making them almost valueless for purposes of application, One source of error which is to be found in all the records known to the authors is the use of the mer cury thermometer, for, when such a thermometer is used, it is almost impossible to avoid disturbing the cluster at each reading so that it reacts abnormally. Furthermore, as the authors will attempt to show at a later time, disturbances of the colony may influence the temperature of the cluster for a considerable period, often more than one day. Usually no account has been taken of the necessary cor rections to be made for the mercury thermometer. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
