Organizations And Strategies In Astronomy 7

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Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy 7

Author : Andre HECK
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402053010
Total Pages : 592 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy 7 by : Andre HECK

Download or read book Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy 7 written by Andre HECK and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-18 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astronomy isthemostancientsciencehumanshavepracticedonEarth. Itisascienceofextremesandoflargenumbers:extremesoftime–fromthe big bang to in?nity –, of distances, of temperatures, of density and masses, ofmagnetic?eld,etc.Itisasciencewhichishighlyvisible,notonlybecause stars and planets are accessible in the sky to the multitude, but also - cause the telescopes themselves are easily distinguishable, usually on top of scenic mountains, and also because their cost usually represent a subst- tialproportionofthenation’sbudgetandofthetaxpayerscontributionsto that budget. As such, astronomy cannot pass unnoticed. It touches on the origins of matter, of the Universe where we live, on life and on our destiny. It touches on philosophy as well as on religion. Astronomy is the direct c- tactofhumankindwithitsoriginsandtheimmensityofuniversalnature.It is indeed a science of observation where experimentation is practically - possible and which is ruled by mathematics, physics, chemistry, statistical analysis and modelling, while o?ering the largest number of veri?cations of the most advanced theories of fundamental physics such as general r- st ativity and gravitation. At the beginning of the 21 century astronomy is clearly a multidisciplinary activity touching on all aspects of science. It is therefore logical that in the past and still now, astronomy has attracted the most famous scientists, be they pure observers, mathematicians, physicists, biologists, experimentalists, and even politicians.

Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy

Author : André Heck
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy by : André Heck

Download or read book Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy written by André Heck and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy

Author : Andre Heck
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401000492
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy by : Andre Heck

Download or read book Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy written by Andre Heck and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I am most grateful to Andr ́ e Heck for his invitation to write a foreword to OSA Volume 4 – I will use this valued opportunity to emphasise those topics in Vol. 4 which I consider important even if other topics may be of even greater importance in the universal scale of things. At the outset let me say that I commend Vol. 4 to its readers – it contains much of very great interest for organisations and strategies in astronomy. A topic which I consider to be of very great importance at this time is Adverse Environmental Impact on Astronomy. There are two papers on this topic in OSA 4 – Cohen on Strategies for Protecting Radio Ast- nomy and Schwarz on Light Pollution Control. The growth in the extent of use, the power and spectral demand for radio transmission continues to increase virtually exponentially. The impact on the ‘listening’ services such as radio astronomy has been severe. Only by creativity in developing new techniques for radio noise (including legal transmissions) reduction and by participating fully in the allocation process for radio frequencies has radio astronomy developed to the powerful investigative tool it is today.

Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy

Author : Andre Heck
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401009260
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy by : Andre Heck

Download or read book Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy written by Andre Heck and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research and publications in the field of Astronomy have undergone dramatic changes in the last half-century. While activities just slowed down during World War II in the US and in Latin America, they were very strongly affected by the difficult conditions prevailing among the European belligerent nations. Half a century ago, re search activities were mostly confined to observatories (linked or not to universities) and usually separated from the teaching of physical sciences. Hence, directors of observatories played an important role in the choice of the research fields, and "schools" of research appeared at various places, de veloping specific instrumentation, reduction techniques and mathematical methods to achieve their scientific goals. Reorganising the research activities after the war was no minor under taking, specially because communications were interrupted for over five years and isolated continental Europe from overseas activities. Scarcity of observing instruments (some of them being requisitioned by occupy ing armies) , enormous gaps in the available litterature led to local research activities, conducted independently of similar efforts undertaken elsewhere.

Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy 6

Author : Andre Heck
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781402040559
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy 6 by : Andre Heck

Download or read book Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy 6 written by Andre Heck and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-16 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When I wasa child, growing up in South America,I often went camping in the wild and hence had direct access to the wondrous Southern sky; the Southern Cross was all mine at the time. Little did I know then that the study of the sky would take such a huge importance in my life, and that in the end astronomy and astrophysics would in many ways become my country and my religion. I have lived in several di?erent countries, and when asked my nationality, I am always very tempted to reply: astronomer. I started as a theorist, and my only dream in my youth was to spend nights thinking and calculating, with paper and pencil, and to have the impression by dawn that I had understood something new. So at the time astronomy was seen or dreamt by me as a solitary endeavour, with periodic encounters with my wise adviser and professors; it is this model that I adopted when doing my PhD work. My generation has lived through many revolutions of all kinds. Those in astronomy, I believe, remain particularly remarkable, and I am a true product of them. Now, I elect to live and work in large organizations, and to share my endeavours with many people. And I relish the series of Andr ́ e Heck on Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy, which help us recover our memories, reconstitute our own story, and read with glee about our neighbouring or far-away colleagues.

Organizations, People and Strategies in Astronomy

Author : André Heck
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9781461423522
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (235 download)

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Book Synopsis Organizations, People and Strategies in Astronomy by : André Heck

Download or read book Organizations, People and Strategies in Astronomy written by André Heck and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OPSA volumes will be conceived in the line of the successful earlier series "Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy (OSA)" http://astro.u-strasbg.fr/~heck/osabooks.htm, covering a large range of themes tackled in the spirit of sharing experience and lessons learned. In practice, all aspects of astronomy-related life and environment will be considered, dealing with socio-dynamical aspects of the astronomy (and related space sciences) community: characteristics of organizations, strategies for development, operational techniques, observing practicalities, journal and magazine profiles, public outreach, publication studies, relationships with the media, research communication, series of conferences, evaluation and selection procedures, research indicators, national specificities, contemporary history, and so on. The experts contributing to this volume will be requested to do their best to write in a way understandable to readers not necessarily hyperspecialized in astronomy while providing specific detailed information and sometimes enlightening "lessons learned" sections. They will be requested to provide full bibliographical references relevant to their expertise and their interactions of the astronomy community with the society at large. The intended readership will include researchers, teachers, editors, publishers, librarians, sociologists of science, research planners and strategists, project managers, public-relations officers, plus those in charge of astronomy-related organizations, as well as by students aiming at a career in astronomy or related space science.

Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy

Author : André Heck
Publisher : Astrophysics and Space Science Library
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy by : André Heck

Download or read book Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy written by André Heck and published by Astrophysics and Space Science Library. This book was released on 2004-10-19 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the fifth volume under the title Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy (OSA). These OSA Books are intended to cover a large range of fields and themes. In practice, one could say that all aspects of astronomy-related life and environment are considered in the spirit of sharing specific expertise and lessons learned. This book offers a unique collection of chapters dealing with socio-dynamical aspects of the astronomy (and related space sciences) community: characteristics of organizations, strategies for development, operational techniques, observing practicalities, educational policies, public outreach, publication studies, research communication, evaluation procedures, research indicators, national specificities, contemporary history, and so on. The experts contributing to this book have done their best to write in a way understandable to readers not necessarily hyperspecialized in astronomy while providing specific detailed information and sometimes enlightening ‘lessons learned’ sections. The book concludes with an updated bibliography of publications related to socio-astronomy and to the interactions of the astronomy community with the society at large. This book will be most usefully read by researchers, teachers, editors, publishers, librarians, sociologists of science, research planners and strategists, project managers, public-relations officers, plus those in charge of astronomy-related organizations, as well as by students aiming at a career in astronomy or related space science. The book includes a CD-ROM containing the visionary and fascinating work of L. Pešek as a space artist. "More than anything else, Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy is about change, recording where we've been and how we have evolved, and extrapolating to where we will be in the coming decades." Caty Pilachowski, outgoing President of the AAS

Astronomy Communication

Author : Andre Heck
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401708010
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Astronomy Communication by : Andre Heck

Download or read book Astronomy Communication written by Andre Heck and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astronomyhasalwaysbeenoneoftheeasiestofthesciencestoconveyto the public. That is partly because it produces spectacular pictures that can be explained (at least in part) and admired, partly because understanding of astronomy usually does not depend upon a knowledge of a complex cl- si?cation system or esoteric terminology, and partly because its extremes in distances and times challenge our imagination and philosophies. Most scientists enjoy sharing with others the discoveries made by th- selves and their colleagues. The primary purpose of scienti?c research is to discover, to learn, and to understand. When we succeed, we enjoy sh- ing that understanding. Education is most pleasurable when our audience wishes to learn and we have something important to convey. A?eldthatdoesnotcommunicatee?ectivelywiththepublicsoonlooses its interest and support. Author Andr ́ e Heck explains the many di?erent ways in which professional communication now occurs while Leslie Sage explains how such communication should be done. Astronomy done with spacecraft and large equipment is very expensive and the funds for those ultimately come from the public. The cost of astronomy prorated over the number of research astronomers is perhaps the highest in all the sciences. If astronomers do not share their results with the public, they will loose its support. However, for most astronomers the desire to share and educate dominates over the pragmatic need to win public support. With the advent of new communication techniques (television, videos, CDs, DVDs, animation, simulations) we have new methods to commu- cate, in addition to the conventional ones of the printed and spoken word.

Future Professional Communication in Astronomy II

Author : Alberto Accomazzi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441983694
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Future Professional Communication in Astronomy II by : Alberto Accomazzi

Download or read book Future Professional Communication in Astronomy II written by Alberto Accomazzi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-10 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present volume gathers together the talks presented at the second colloquim on the Future Professional Communication in Astronomy (FPCA II), held at Harvard University (Cambridge, MA) on 13-14 April 2010. This meeting provided a forum for editors, publishers, scientists, librarians and officers of learned societies to discuss the future of the field. The program included talks from leading researchers and practitioners and drew a crowd of approximately 50 attendees from 10 countries. These proceedings contain contributions from invited and contributed talks from leaders in the field, touching on a number of topics. Among them: - The role of disciplinary repositories such as ADS and arXiv in astronomy and the physical sciences; - Current status and future of Open Access Publishing models and their impact on astronomy and astrophysics publishing; - Emerging trends in scientific article publishing: semantic annotations, multimedia content, links to data products hosted by astrophysics archives; - Novel approaches to the evaluation of facilities and projects based on bibliometric indicators; - Impact of Government mandates, Privacy laws, and Intellectual Property Rights on the evolving digital publishing environment in astronomy; - Communicating astronomy to the public: the experience of the International Year of Astronomy 2009.

Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy

Author : Andre Heck
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401006067
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy by : Andre Heck

Download or read book Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy written by Andre Heck and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have arrived at the third volume of this useful series on Organiza tions and Strategies in Astronomy (OSA). It contains seventeen articles on a wide range of topics, from virtual observatories, astronomy organizations in various communities (Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, South Africa), and the role of ground stations in space observatories, to quality assurance in UK higher education. In this foreword, I shall give some views on ideas expressed in this volume, in particular from my personal experience when I was project officer for the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT). Let me first remind readers that present and future astronomy is in creasingly dependent on high-level management. Not everybody knows that the scheduling of the Hubble Space Telescope is performed by a neural network software called SPIKE, described in the stimulating workshop New Observing Modes for the Next Centuryl, partly reported in OSA Volume II by 1. Robson. New observing facilities, in space or on the ground, are so complex that they need highly qualified engineers and rigorous management procedures. Each observing hour on the Very Large Telescope (VLT) fa cility is worth about EUR 7,000, including the amortization of the capital expenses over 30 years. This does not leave much room for amateurism, neither in the time allocation procedures, nor in the daily telescope control.

Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy

Author : Andre Heck
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401006660
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy by : Andre Heck

Download or read book Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy written by Andre Heck and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seated in a sun-lit corner of his 17th century Dutch house, his hand touching a celestial globe, Johannes Vermeer's "Astronomer" seems to pon der about the mysteries of the universe. We might make the trip to Paris and ask him, in the Louvre, what precisely is on his mind. Unfortunately, there will be no answer. But we do know what his mind was not on. It was not on the approaching deadlines for the proposals he would have to write for getting funds and telescope-time, not on the meeting of the observing programs committee, not on his refereeing duty for the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics, nor on his university's tightening budget for science. In the Kapteyn Institute at Groningen I stand face to face with the im pressive portrait of J.C. Kapteyn, painted in the year 1918. Seated at his desk he is doing his calculations with pen, pencil and tables, perhaps check ing the work of his skilled staff of human computers. Early in his career he had completed his magnum opus, the Cape Photographic Durchmusterung in collaboration with his close friend David Gill at Capetown, South Africa.

Librarian’s Story…: Notes & experiences of librarians from Germany, Czech Republic, Mexico & Indonesia

Author : Elyani Sulistialie
Publisher : AZYAN MITRA MEDIA
ISBN 13 : 6236324395
Total Pages : 131 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (363 download)

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Book Synopsis Librarian’s Story…: Notes & experiences of librarians from Germany, Czech Republic, Mexico & Indonesia by : Elyani Sulistialie

Download or read book Librarian’s Story…: Notes & experiences of librarians from Germany, Czech Republic, Mexico & Indonesia written by Elyani Sulistialie and published by AZYAN MITRA MEDIA. This book was released on 2023-01-03 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dalam buku ini anda akan mengetahui alasan kenapa seorang pustakawan astronomi dak ingin “pindah ke lain ha”. Silahkan simak penuturan pustakawan Jerman, Czech Republic serta Mexico dan tentu saja Indonesia. “We astronomy librarians are also very fortunate because we work in a technologically advanced environment where many evelopments like access to databases, availability of e-journals, extensive text-mining, and others have been implemented much earlier than in other subject areas. Somemes am asked whether I would like to change job now that I have spent 20 years in the same instuon. My answer has been and always will be the same: if the environment around you and the technologies you apply in your daily work evolve constantly, there is no need to change job, because you are changing with the job” (Uta Grothkopf, Head, Library and Informaon Centre, ESO - European Southern Observatory, Germany) “Pri pohledu z okna knihovny mùže bÿt dr. Frič spokojenÿ — vidí na historickou plošinu s hvèzdárskÿmi kopulemi z červenÿch cihel, které nechal vybudovat a ve kterÿch pracoval. Vidí, že kopule jsou „jako nové“ a že plošina je živÿm a oblíbenÿm centrem celého areálu, na kterém se odehrává rada védecko- popularizačních, kulturních a společenskÿch akcí” (Katka & Radka, asu.cas.cz) “Por ulmo debo comentar que uno de los eventos que más me han hecho crecer como bibliotecaria han sido las reuniones de Library and Informaon Services in Astronomy Conferences (LISA), he asisdo a 8 de la 9 realizadas a la fecha y presentado trabajos de invesgación en 7 de ellas. Así que dialogar con colegas que enen el mismo po de usuario, con una problemáca económica similar independientemente del lugar del mundo en donde se encuentren me ha ayudado mucho en momentos de crisis” ([email protected]) Pustakawan akan merasa gembira jika dapat memenuhi kebutuhan informasi pemustaka. ([email protected]) Ingin tahu apa saja yang diceritakan pustakawan dari beberapa negara itu? Silahkan baca buku ini. Jangan khawar, ada versi bahasa Inggris dan Indonesianya selain bahasa Czech Republic dan Spanyol.

The Multinational History of Strasbourg Astronomical Observatory

Author : Andre HECK
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402036442
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis The Multinational History of Strasbourg Astronomical Observatory by : Andre HECK

Download or read book The Multinational History of Strasbourg Astronomical Observatory written by Andre HECK and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-04 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strasbourg Astronomical Observatory is quite an interesting place for historians: several changes of nationality between France and Germany, high-profile scientists having been based there, big projects born or installed within its walls, and so on. Most of the documents circulating on the history of the Observatory and on related matters have however been so far poorly referenced, if at all. This made necessary the compilation of a volume such as this one, offering fully-documented historical facts and references on the first decades of the Observatory history, authored by both French and German specialists. The experts contributing to this book have done their best to write in a way understandable to readers not necessarily hyperspecialized in astronomy nor in the details of European history. Several appendices conclude the book: lists of council members and of Observatory scientific personnel, as well as a compendium of the institutional publications until the year 2000.

Radiation Hazard in Space

Author : L.I. Miroshnichenko
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401703019
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Radiation Hazard in Space by : L.I. Miroshnichenko

Download or read book Radiation Hazard in Space written by L.I. Miroshnichenko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mono graph contains 8 chapters, and their contents cover all principal aspects of the problem: 1. Introduction and brief his tory ofthe radiation problem and background information ofradiation hazard in the near-Earth and interplanetary space. 2. General description of radiation conditions and main sources of charged partic1es in the Earth's environment and interplanetary space, effects of space environment on spacecraft. 3. Basic information about physical conditions in space and main sources of charged particles in the Earth's environment and interplanetary space, in the context of "Space W eather" monitoring and prediction. 4. Trapped radiation belts of the Earth (ERB): theory of their origin, spatial and temporal dynamics, and experimental and statistical models. 5. Galactic cosmic rays (GCR): variations of energetic, temporal and spatial characteristics, long-term modulation, and anomalous cosmic ray (ACR) component, modeling oftheir dynamics. 6. Production of energetic particles (SEPs) at/ne ar the Sun: available databases, acceleration, propagation, and prediction of individual SEP event, statistical models of solar cosmic rays (SCR). 7. Existing empirical techniques of estimating, prediction and modeling of radiation hazard, methodical approaches and constraints, some questions of changes in the Earth's radiation environment due to changes of the solar activity level. 8. Unresolved problems of radiation hazard prediction and spacecraft protection, radiation experiments on board the spacecraft, estimating of radiation conditions during interplanetary missions. Space does not allow us to explain every time the solar-terrestrial and radiation physics nomencIature used in current English-language literature.

Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy: Foreword

Author : André Heck
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy: Foreword by : André Heck

Download or read book Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy: Foreword written by André Heck and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Information Handling in Astronomy - Historical Vistas

Author : Andre Heck
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0306480808
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Information Handling in Astronomy - Historical Vistas by : Andre Heck

Download or read book Information Handling in Astronomy - Historical Vistas written by Andre Heck and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-18 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a unique review of how astronomical information handling (in the broad sense) evolved in the course of the 20th century, and especially during its second half. It will be very useful for researchers, teachers, editors, publishers, librarians, computer scientists, sociologists of science, research planners and strategists, project managers, public-relations officers, plus those in charge of astronomy-related organizations, as well as by students aiming at a career in astronomy or related space science.

Plasma Astrophysics

Author : Arnold O. Benz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 030647719X
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Plasma Astrophysics by : Arnold O. Benz

Download or read book Plasma Astrophysics written by Arnold O. Benz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-02 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook is intended as an introduction to the physics of solar and stellar coronae, emphasizing kinetic plasma processes. It is addressed to observational astronomers, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates without a ba- ground in plasma physics. Coronal physics is today a vast field with many different aims and goals. So- ing out the really important aspects of an observed phenomenon and using the physics best suited for the case is a formidable problem. There are already several excellent books, oriented toward the interests of astrophysicists, that deal with the magnetohydrodynamics of stellar atmospheres, radiation transport, and radiation theory. In kinetic processes, the different particle velocities play an important role. This is the case when particle collisions can be neglected, for example in very brief phenomena – such as one period of a high-frequency wave – or in effects produced by energetic particles with very long collision times. Some of the most persistent problems of solar physics, like coronal heating, shock waves, flare energy release, and particle acceleration, are likely to be at least partially related to such p- cesses. Study of the Sun is not regarded here as an end in itself, but as the source of information for more general stellar applications. Our understanding of stellar processes relies heavily, in turn, on our understanding of solar processes. Thus an introduction to what is happening in hot, dilute coronae necessarily starts with the plasma physics of our nearest star.