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Optimization Of Soil Stabilization With Class C Fly Ash
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Book Synopsis Optimization of Soil Stabilization with Class C Fly Ash by : John Michael Pitt
Download or read book Optimization of Soil Stabilization with Class C Fly Ash written by John Michael Pitt and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous Iowa DOT sponsored research has shown that some Class C fly ashes are ementitious (because calcium is combined as calcium aluminates) while other Class C ashes containing similar amounts of elemental calcium are not (1). Fly ashes from modern power plants in Iowa contain significant amounts of calcium in their glassy phases, regardless of their cementitious properties. The present research was based on these findings and on the hyphothesis that: attack of the amorphous phase of high calcium fly ash could be initiated with trace additives, thus making calcium available for formation of useful calcium-silicate cements. Phase I research was devoted to finding potential additives through a screening process; the likely chemicals were tested with fly ashes representative of the cementitious and non-cementitious ashes available in the state. Ammonium phosphate, a fertilizer, was found to produce 3,600 psi cement with cementitious Neal #4 fly ash; this strength is roughly equivalent to that of portland cement, but at about one-third the cost. Neal #2 fly ash, a slightly cementitious Class C, was found to respond best with ammonium nitrate; through the additive, a near-zero strength material was transformed into a 1,200 psi cement. The second research phase was directed to optimimizing trace additive concentrations, defining the behavior of the resulting cements, evaluating more comprehensively the fly ashes available in Iowa, and explaining the cement formation mechanisms of the most promising trace additives. X-ray diffraction data demonstrate that both amorphous and crystalline hydrates of chemically enhanced fly ash differ from those of unaltered fly ash hydrates. Calciumaluminum- silicate hydrates were formed, rather than the expected (and hypothesized) calcium-silicate hydrates. These new reaction products explain the observed strength enhancement. The final phase concentrated on laboratory application of the chemically-enhanced fly ash cements to road base stabilization. Emphasis was placed on use of marginal aggregates, such as limestone crusher fines and unprocessed blow sand. The nature of the chemically modified fly ash cements led to an evaluation of fine grained soil stabilization where a wide range of materials, defined by plasticity index, could be stabilized. Parameters used for evaluation included strength, compaction requirements, set time, and frost resistance.
Book Synopsis Utilization of Class C Fly Ash in Soil Stabilization by : Hongjun Jiang
Download or read book Utilization of Class C Fly Ash in Soil Stabilization written by Hongjun Jiang and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Soft Soil Engineering by : Dave H. Chan
Download or read book Soft Soil Engineering written by Dave H. Chan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-09-28 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soft soils present particular challenges to engineers and an understanding of the specific characteristics of these soils is indispensable. Laboratory techniques such as numerical modelling, theoretical analysis and constitutive modelling give new insights into soft soil material behaviour, while large-scale testing in the field provides important information in areas such as slope stability and soft soil improvements. This collection of papers from the Fourth International Conference on Soft Soil Engineering, Vancouver, 2006, presents an international appraisal of current research and new advances in engineering practices, illustrating the theory with relevant case studies. Geotechnical professionals, engineers, academics and researchers working in the areas of soft ground engineering and soft soil engineering will find this a valuable book.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Fly Ash by : Kamal K. Kar
Download or read book Handbook of Fly Ash written by Kamal K. Kar and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2021-11-07 with total page 869 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The drive to develop more sustainable materials has made fly ash a valuable raw material in many different applications. Comprehensive and authoritative, Handbook of Fly Ash highlights the latest research efforts to develop the properties of fly ash to maximum utility while safeguarding the environment. This book takes an interdisciplinary approach to the research into the classification and compositions of various types of fly ash, such as bottom ash and boiler slag, special classes of fly ash, and their sources around the globe. This is followed by a discussion of fly ash-reinforced composites, such as elastomer-based composites and metal matrix composites. This book also covers a wide range of applications of fly ash in cement, concrete, bricks and blocks, road construction, wastewater treatment, and scrubber sludge solidification. Highlights the recent developments in the utilization of fly ash including its preparation, functionalization, properties, and handling. Places a focus on a wide variety of fly ash applications including recent innovations, such as alkali-activated binder, polypropylene composite, and geopolymer concrete. Includes comprehensive coverage of the characteristics of fly ash with a particular focus on health hazards if it is not properly disposed. Discusses fly ash-reinforced composites, such as polymer/elastomer-based composites and metal matrix composites.
Book Synopsis Use of Fly Ash in Soil-cement by : Chester W. Jones
Download or read book Use of Fly Ash in Soil-cement written by Chester W. Jones and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Class C Fly Ash Utilization in Soil Stabilization by : Susan Kay Sutthill
Download or read book Class C Fly Ash Utilization in Soil Stabilization written by Susan Kay Sutthill and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Optimizing the Amount of Class C Fly Ash in Concrete Mixtures by : RM. Majko
Download or read book Optimizing the Amount of Class C Fly Ash in Concrete Mixtures written by RM. Majko and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes the results of a two part research program on several laboratory air-entrained concrete mixtures designed to contain increasing amounts of moderately cementitious Class C fly ash. In the first part of the paper, a Type A admixture was used in half of the mixtures, treating both the portland cement Type I and fly ash (15% calcium oxide). In the second part of the paper, three other Class C fly ashes (9 to 12% calcium oxide) were extensively tested in concrete that contained a Type A admixture (but this time treating only the cement). Two very high lime fly ashes (25 to 30% calcium oxide) were also tested in concrete mixtures.
Book Synopsis Stabilization of Clay Using Fly Ash by : Khelifa Saiki
Download or read book Stabilization of Clay Using Fly Ash written by Khelifa Saiki and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil stabilization is a technique to improve soil properties. Currently many methods are available to stabilize soils and improve their engineering properties. The soil type,soilstructure and economic factors govern the decision to select an appropriate single or a combination of two or more methods. The stabilization of soil can be accomplished by adding cementing material, or some other chemical material to change engineering property of soil. After this addition of stabilizer to soil, engineering properties of soil such as increases strength, load bearing capacity, durability, workability and etc. Stabilization can be achieved by mechanically mixing the natural soil and stabilizer together to reach desired improvement. There are many types of additives which can be used for stabilization. There are Portland cement, lime and fly ash. This project focuses on the effectiveness of fly ash as stabilizer. Fly ash is a waste material produced by combustion of pulverized coal in thermal power plants. Since many years fly ash has been used as a construction material. Thermal power plants produce two kinds of fly ash; class F and class C. Class F fly ash is more popular than class C and contains less amount of lime. Class C fly ash has a large amount of lime, (more than 20%), so it has a better cementing characteristic. Class F ash are used in Portland cement production. While class C fly ash is more suitable in soil stabilization because of high percentage of lime and its cementing characteristics. In this project we used fly ash of class C as soil stabilizer, by adding a varying proportions of fly ash we determined the basic geotechnical properties such as, specific gravity, plasticity, compaction characteristics, unconfined compression strength and stress-strain modulus. Addition of small percentage of fly ash (about 3 %) decrease plasticity characteristics of clay. Beyond this percentage, addition of fly- ash tends to increase the plasticity. Harvard Miniature Compaction Tests indicate that maximum dry density increases with increasing fly ash content and optimum moisture contents decrease with increase in ash contents. Unconfined compressive tests were conducted on compacted specimens corresponding water content of optimum moisture contents (OMC), OMC-2%, and OMC +2%. The unconfined compressive strength (qu) and consequently the undrained shear strength (Su) which is half the unconfined compressive strength show a steep increase at 6% fly ash, beyond that increased moderately with increasing fly ash content for all the 3 moisture content conditions. However, the stress-strain moduli with increases with increasing fly ash contents. However it appears that there is no correlation between the modulus of elasticity ant the unconfined compressive strength. The result analysis of this study, it appears that fly ash class "C" is not an effective stabilizer to stabilize clay. This may be due to the fact that both clay particles and fly-ash particle have approximately same size. This might result in poor gradation that is deficient in particle interlocking in clay-fly ash mixtures. Another important property required for effective stabilization is plasticity. Unlike Lime, fly ash is a low non- plastic material and is not effective in binding the soil particles together.
Book Synopsis Effects of Soil Plasticity on Stabilization with Class C Fly Ash by : Ibrahim Ismail Saifan
Download or read book Effects of Soil Plasticity on Stabilization with Class C Fly Ash written by Ibrahim Ismail Saifan and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Civil Engineering and Architecture by : Thomas Kang
Download or read book Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Civil Engineering and Architecture written by Thomas Kang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-05 with total page 1118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book states that the proceedings gathers selected papers from 2022 5th International Conference on Civil Engineering and Architecture (ICCEA 2022), which was held in Hanoi, Vietnam on December 16-18, 2022. The conference is the premier forum for the presentation of new advances and research results in the fields of theoretical, experimental, and practical civil engineering and architecture. And this proceedings from the conference mainly discusses architectural design and project management, environmental protection and spatial planning, design and analysis of building materials, and structural engineering and safety. And these materials can be useful and valuable sources for researchers and professionals working in the field of civil engineering and architecture.
Book Synopsis Fly Ash for Soil Improvement by : Kevan D. Sharp
Download or read book Fly Ash for Soil Improvement written by Kevan D. Sharp and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Fly Ash for Soil Improvement provides civil and geotechnical engineers with a contemporary review of the beneficial uses of fly ash for both general construction purposes and for waste containment/soil stabilization. Peer-reviewed papers describe the use of self-cementing fly ashes as a soil stabilization agent; fly ash stabilization of tropical Hawaiian soils, south Texas soils, and industrial wastes; enzyme-enhanced stabilization; lime sludge amended fly ash; calcareous expansive clays; and engineering properties of a clay modified by fly ash and slag."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Book Synopsis A Laboratory Study of the Effects of Fly Ash on the Geotechnical Properties of a Soft Clay by : Joseph Wartman
Download or read book A Laboratory Study of the Effects of Fly Ash on the Geotechnical Properties of a Soft Clay written by Joseph Wartman and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stabilization of Gypsiferous Soils with Class C Fly Ash by : Ruben Solis Hernandez
Download or read book Stabilization of Gypsiferous Soils with Class C Fly Ash written by Ruben Solis Hernandez and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Soil Stabilization with Fly Ash and Fibers by : Tianhong Mu
Download or read book Soil Stabilization with Fly Ash and Fibers written by Tianhong Mu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, coal combustion by-products mainly fly ash, commercial fibers and a natural fiber i.e., human hair were applied to stabilize the kaolinite clay and local Carbondale soil i.e., silty clay. During recent decades, the demand for infrastructures such as highways, buildings, bridges have greatly increased, especially in the areas where population was growing rapidly. All of these infrastructures need a stable foundation and in many cases the original land couldn't sustain the load from the infrastructures. In such situation, soil stabilization becomes an essential step before the foundation is laid. There are several ways to stabilize soil, viz., mechanical stabilization, chemical stabilization, stabilization by inclusion and confinement etc. It has been reported by several researchers that fly ash and fibers can significantly improve the strength of soil. Fly ash and natural fiber i.e., human hair are both waste materials, and commercial fibers are low-cost compared to other soil stabilizers. In this study, class C fly ash was used to stabilize commercially available clay i.e., Kaolinite; while both human hair and commercially available fibers (e.g., glass fiber and plastic fiber) were used to stabilize Kaolinite and Carbondale local soil. Based on this research, it could be concluded that the class C fly ash can improve the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) value of Kaolinite clay significantly; fibers also could increase the UCS value of both Kaolinite and Carbondale local soil. While, the tensile strength of Kaolinite and Carbondale local soil sometimes increases or decreases depending on the percentages of fiber content used into Kaolinite and Carbondale local soil. The current research on soil stabilization by fly ash and those fibers may provide a new possibility for soil stabilization.
Book Synopsis Soil Stabilization Using Optimum Quantity of Calcium Chloride with Class F Fly Ash by : Hyung Jun Choi
Download or read book Soil Stabilization Using Optimum Quantity of Calcium Chloride with Class F Fly Ash written by Hyung Jun Choi and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On-going research at Texas A & M University indicated that soil stabilization using calcium chloride filter cake along with Class F fly ash generates high strength. Previous studies were conducted with samples containing calcium chloride filter cake and both Class C fly ash and Class F fly ash. Mix design was fixed at 1.3% and 1.7%calcium chloride and 5% and 10% fly ash with crushed limestone base material. Throughout previous studies, recommended mix design was 1.7% calcium chloride filter cake with 10% Class F fly ash in crushed limestone base because Class F fly ash generates early high and durable strength. This research paper focused on the strength increase initiated by greater than 1.7% pure calcium chloride used with Class F fly ash in soil to verify the effectiveness and optimum ratio of calcium chloride and Class F fly ash in soil stabilization. Mix design was programmed at pure calcium chloride concentrations at 0% to 6% and Class F fly ash at 10 to 15%. Laboratory tests showed samples containing any calcium chloride concentration from 2% to 6% and Class F fly ash content from 10% to 15% obtained high early strength however, optimum moisture content, different mix design, and mineralogy deposit analysis are recommended to evaluate the role and the effectiveness of calcium chloride in soil stabilization because of the strength decreasing tendency of the samples containing calcium chloride after 56 days.
Book Synopsis Fly Ash Soil Stabilization for Non-uniform Subgrade Soils: Engineering properties and construction guidelines by :
Download or read book Fly Ash Soil Stabilization for Non-uniform Subgrade Soils: Engineering properties and construction guidelines written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil treated with self-cementing fly ash is increasingly being used in Iowa to stabilize pavement subgrades, but without a complete understanding of the short- and long-term behavior. To develop a broader understanding of fly ash engineering properties, mixtures of five different soil types, ranging from ML to CH, and several different fly ash sources (including hydrated and conditioned fly ashes) were evaluated.
Book Synopsis Fly Ash Optimization by : Douglas R. Benjamin
Download or read book Fly Ash Optimization written by Douglas R. Benjamin and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
