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Author : Anita Nilsson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)
Download or read book Optimization of Safeguards for a Low-enriched Uranium Fuel Cycle written by Anita Nilsson and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Study of a Zone Approach to IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) Safeguards written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At present the IAEA designs its safeguards approach with regard to each type of nuclear facility so that the safeguards activities and effort are essentially the same for a given type and size of nuclear facility wherever it may be located. Conclusions regarding a state are derived by combining the conclusions regarding the effectiveness of safeguards for the individual facilities within a state. In this study it was convenient to define three zones in a state with a closed light-water-reactor nuclear fuel cycle. Each zone contains those facilities or parts thereof which use or process nuclear materials of the same safeguards significance: low-enriched uranium, radioactive spent fuel, or recovered plutonium. The possibility that each zone might be treated as an extended material balance area for safeguards purposes is under investigation. The approach includes defining the relevant features of the facilities in the three zones and listing the safeguards activities which are now practiced. This study has focussed on the fresh-fuel zone, the several facilities of which use or process low-enriched uranium. At one extreme, flows and inventories would be verified at each material balance area. At the other extreme, the flows into and out of the zone and the inventory of the whole zone would be verified. There are a number of possible safeguards approaches which fall between the two extremes. The intention is to develop a rational approach which will make it possible to compare the technical effectiveness and the inspection effort for the facility-oriented approach, for the approach involving the zone as a material balance area, and for some reasonable intermediate safeguards approaches.
Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (39 download)
Download or read book IAEA Safeguards written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Rebecca Morgan Ward
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (859 download)
Download or read book A Game Theoretic Approach to Nuclear Safeguards Selection and Optimization written by Rebecca Morgan Ward and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work presents a computational tool that calculates optimally efficient safeguarding strategies at and across nuclear fuel cycle facilities for a cost-constrained inspector seeking to detect a state-facilitated diversion or misuse. The tool employs a novel methodology coupling a game theoretic solver with a probabilistic simulation model of a gas centrifuge enrichment plant and an aqueous reprocessing facility. The simulation model features a suite of defender options at both facilities, based on current IAEA practices, and an analogous menu of attacker proliferation pathway options. The simulation model informs the game theoretic solver by calculating the detection probability for a given inspector-proliferator strategy pair and weighting the detection probability by the quantity and quality of material obtained to generate a scenario payoff. Using a modified fictitious play algorithm, the game iteratively calls the simulation model until the equilibrium is reached and outputs the optimal inspection strategy, proliferation strategy, and the equilibrium scenario payoff. Two types of attackers are modeled: a breakout-willing attacker, whose behavior is driven by desire for high value material; and a risk-averse attacker, who desires high-value material but will not pursue a breakout strategy that leads to certain detection. Results are presented demonstrating the sensitivity of defender strategy to budget and attacker characteristics, for an attacker known to be targeting the enrichment or reprocessing facility alone, as well as an attacker who might target either facility. The model results indicate that the optimal defender resource allocation strategy across multiple facilities hardens both facilities equitably, such that both facilities are equally unattractive targets to the attacker.
Download or read book Zone Approaches to International Safeguards of a Nuclear Fuel Cycle written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At present the IAEA designs its safeguards approach with regard to each type of nuclear facility so that the safeguards activities and effort are essentially the same for a given type and size of nuclear facility wherever it may be located. Conclusions regarding a state are derived by combining the results of safeguards verifications for the individual facilities within it. We have examined safeguards approaches for a state nuclear fuel cycle that take into account the existence of all of the nuclear facilities in the state. We have focussed on the fresh-fuel zone of an advanced nuclear fuel cycle, the several facilities of which use or process low-enriched uranium. At one extreme, flows and inventories would be verified at each material balance area. At the other extreme, the flows into and out of the zone and the inventory of the whole zone would be verified. The intention is to develop an approach which will make it possible to compare the technical effectiveness and the inspection effort for the facility-oriented approach, for the zone approach and for some reasonable intermediate safeguards approaches. Technical effectiveness, in these cases, means an estimate of the assurance that all nuclear material has been accounted for.
Author : Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. Special Safeguards Study Task Group
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (373 download)
Download or read book Evaluation of the Real-time Material Control Concept for Safeguards in Highly-enriched Uranium Fuel Cycles written by Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. Special Safeguards Study Task Group and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789201126085
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (26 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Energy Basic Principles written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the rationale and vision for the peaceful use of nuclear energy. The publication identifies the basic principles that nuclear energy systems must satisfy to fulfil their promise of meeting growing global energy demands.
Author : Kelsey Hartigan
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1442240547
Total Pages : 81 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (422 download)
Download or read book A New Approach to the Nuclear Fuel Cycle written by Kelsey Hartigan and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2015-02-23 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nuclear Threat Initiative and the Center for Strategic and International Studies joined to launch the New Approaches to the Fuel Cycle project. This project sought to build consensus on common goals, address practical challenges, and engage a spectrum of actors that influence policymaking regarding the nuclear fuel cycle. The project also tackled one of the toughest issues—spent nuclear fuel and high level waste—to see if solutions there might offer incentives to states on the front end of the nuclear fuel cycle and address the inherent inertia and concerns about additional burdens and restrictions that have stalled past efforts to improve the robustness of the nonproliferation regime. This report presents the group’s conclusions that a best-practices approach to the nuclear fuel cycle can achieve these objectives and offer a path to a more secure and sustainable nuclear landscape.
Author : Allan S. Krass
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 100020054X
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Uranium Enrichment and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation written by Allan S. Krass and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-20 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1983, this book presents both the technical and political information necessary to evaluate the emerging threat to world security posed by recent advances in uranium enrichment technology. Uranium enrichment has played a relatively quiet but important role in the history of efforts by a number of nations to acquire nuclear weapons and by a number of others to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons. For many years the uranium enrichment industry was dominated by a single method, gaseous diffusion, which was technically complex, extremely capital-intensive, and highly inefficient in its use of energy. As long as this remained true, only the richest and most technically advanced nations could afford to pursue the enrichment route to weapon acquisition. But during the 1970s this situation changed dramatically. Several new and far more accessible enrichment techniques were developed, stimulated largely by the anticipation of a rapidly growing demand for enrichment services by the world-wide nuclear power industry. This proliferation of new techniques, coupled with the subsequent contraction of the commercial market for enriched uranium, has created a situation in which uranium enrichment technology might well become the most important contributor to further nuclear weapon proliferation. Some of the issues addressed in this book are: A technical analysis of the most important enrichment techniques in a form that is relevant to analysis of proliferation risks; A detailed projection of the world demand for uranium enrichment services; A summary and critique of present institutional non-proliferation arrangements in the world enrichment industry, and An identification of the states most likely to pursue the enrichment route to acquisition of nuclear weapons.
Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789201189103
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (891 download)
Download or read book Safeguards Techniques and Equipment written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1990s saw significant developments in the global non-proliferation landscape, resulting in a new period of safeguards development. The current publication, which is the second revision and update of IAEA/NVS/1, is intended to give a full and balanced description of the safeguards techniques and equipment used for nuclear material accountancy, containment and surveillance measures, environmental sampling, and data security. New features include a section on new and novel technologies. As new verification measures continue to be developed, the material in this book will be reviewed periodically and updated versions issued.
Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789201065148
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (651 download)
Download or read book International Safeguards in the Design of Nuclear Reactors written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is the second in the IAEA Nuclear Energy Series to provide guidance on the inclusion of safeguards in nuclear facility design and construction. It is principally intended for designers and operators of nuclear reactor facilities; however, vendors, national authorities and financial backers can also benefit from the information provided. It is introductory rather than comprehensive in nature, complementing the Guidance for States Implementing Comprehensive Safeguards Agreements and Additional Protocols, IAEA Services Series No. 21, and other publications in that series. The publication complements the general considerations addressed in International Safeguards in Nuclear Facility Design and Construction, IAEA Nuclear Energy Series No. NP-T-2.8.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780982800843
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (8 download)
Download or read book The Future of Nuclear Fuel Cycle written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In this analysis we have presented a method that provides insight into future fuel cycle alternatives by clarifying the complexity of choosing an appropriate fuel cycle in the context of the distribution of burdens and benefits between generations. The current nuclear power deployment practices, together with three future fuel cycles were assessed."--Page 227.
Author : Russian Academy of Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309185947
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Internationalization of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle written by Russian Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-01-26 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The so-called nuclear renaissance has increased worldwide interest in nuclear power. This potential growth also has increased, in some quarters, concern that nonproliferation considerations are not being given sufficient attention. In particular, since introduction of many new power reactors will lead to requiring increased uranium enrichment services to provide the reactor fuel, the proliferation risk of adding enrichment facilities in countries that do not have them now led to proposals to provide the needed fuel without requiring indigenous enrichment facilities. Similar concerns exist for reprocessing facilities. Internationalization of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle summarizes key issues and analyses of the topic, offers some criteria for evaluating options, and makes findings and recommendations to help the United States, the Russian Federation, and the international community reduce proliferation and other risks, as nuclear power is used more widely. This book is intended for all those who are concerned about the need for assuring fuel for new reactors and at the same time limiting the spread of nuclear weapons. This audience includes the United States and Russia, other nations that currently supply nuclear material and technology, many other countries contemplating starting or growing nuclear power programs, and the international organizations that support the safe, secure functioning of the international nuclear fuel cycle, most prominently the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789201044198
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (441 download)
Download or read book International Safeguards in the Design of Enrichment Plants written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2020-02-29 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is part of a series that aims to inform nuclear facility designers, vendors, operators and State governments, about IAEA safeguards and how associated requirements can be considered early in the design phase of a new nuclear facility. This particular publication is applicable to the design and construction of commercial uranium enrichment plants. Safeguards by design dialogue undertaken early in the design and construction of enrichments plants facilitates the implementation of safeguards throughout all the lifecycle stages of the facility. The potential to reduce costs, avoid retrofits and achieve efficiencies both for the operator and for IAEA Member States, are important drivers for the early consideration of safeguards in a nuclear facility design project.
Author : David Albright
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Plutonium and Highly Enriched Uranium, 1996 written by David Albright and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plutonium and highly enriched uranium (HEU) are the basic materials used in nuclear weapons. Plutonium also plays an important part in the generation of nuclear electricity. Knowing how much plutonium and HEU exists, where and in which form is vital for international security and nuclear commerce. This book is a thorough revision of the World Inventory of Plutonium and highly Enriched Uranium, 1992. It provides a rigorous and comprehensive assessment of the amounts of plutonium and HEU in military and civilian programmes, in nuclear and non-nuclear weapon states, and in countries seeking to acquire nuclear weapons. The capibilities that exist for producing these materials around the world are examined in depth, as are the policy issues raised by them. Containing much new information, this book is indispensable to all those concerned with the great contemporary issues in international nuclear relations: arms reductions in the nuclear weapon states, nuclear proliferation, nuclear smuggling, the roles of plutonium and enriched uranium in the nuclear fuel-cycle, and the disposition of surplus weapon material.
Author : P. Silvennoinen
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483145549
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Fuel Cycle Optimization written by P. Silvennoinen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear Fuel Cycle Optimization: Methods and Modelling Techniques discusses applicable methods for analysis of fuel cycle logistics and optimization and evaluation of the economics of various reactor strategies. The opening chapter covers the nuclear fuel cycle, while the next chapter tackles uranium supply and demand. Chapter 3 discusses basic model of the light water reactor (LWR). The fourth chapter talks about the resolution of uncertainties, and the fifth chapter discusses the assessment of proliferation risks. Chapter 6 covers multigoal optimization, while Chapter 7 deals with the generalized fuel cycle models. The eighth chapter covers reactor strategy calculations, whereas the last chapter discusses interface with energy strategy. The book will appeal to students of energy economics or of nuclear engineering.
Author : OECD Nuclear Energy Agency
Publisher : OECD
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Energy Today written by OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and published by OECD. This book was released on 2003 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As energy demand increases in line with the expansion of the world's leading economies and the growth of developing economies, a key challenge remains of how to provide the energy levels required while protecting our environment and conserving natural resources. Nuclear energy is a complex and controversial technology but also has the potential to provide considerable benefits. This publication explores a range of issues involved in the use of nuclear energy, including safety aspects, whether its use is economically competitive, its role in meeting greenhouse gas reduction targets, how to manage the radioactive waste it generates, whether its use increase the risk of proliferation of nuclear weapons, security of resources, and its potential role in the future.
