Optimization Of Multiple Wells In Carbon Sequestration

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Optimization of Multiple Wells in Carbon Sequestration

Author : Swathi Gangadharan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 69 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimization of Multiple Wells in Carbon Sequestration by : Swathi Gangadharan

Download or read book Optimization of Multiple Wells in Carbon Sequestration written by Swathi Gangadharan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Injection of CO2 in saline aquifers is considered as one of the best strategies for the reduction of greenhouse gases. In order to select a potential saline aquifer storage site for carbon sequestration, many parameters are considered such as relative permeability, thickness, compressibility, porosity, salinity and well interference. These are significant because they affect the CO2 storage capacity of the reservoir. The one of the most important criteria to be considered during sequestration is the pressure profile inside the reservoir as the sequestered CO2 increases the pressure within the saline formation over time. In order to maintain the integrity of the reservoir, the reservoir pressure is always maintained below the fracture pressure. Thus, modeling of pressure profile is essential as it controls the maximum amount of CO2 which can be into the reservoir. There are various analytical and numerical models to determine the bottom-hole pressure for CO2 injection. The main objective of my thesis is to examine and identify the analytical approaches in modeling of pressure profile during CO2 injection. It includes single injection as well as multiple wells injection scenarios. The second case is much more important from practical point of view and applicability of analytical tools should be validated. Two models of injection/production are considered: (i) Single-phase (brine production from a brine reservoir) and (ii) Two phase model (CO2 injection in a brine reservoir). In both cases, we analyzed the pressure build-up and discussed the results in comparison with numerical simulations. We also present a sensitivity analysis of the reservoir parameters on CO2 sequestration. The second part of the thesis focuses on finding ways to increase the CO2 injection capacity of saline aquifers by using the technique of multiple wells injection strategy. Numerous test cases will be presented to optimize the well placement and number of wells to get the maximum sequestration. The thesis will look upon the different ways to maintain the reservoir pressure below fracture pressure such as optimization of injection wells, varying the flow-rates of injection wells and by placement of relief wells to produce brine from the reservoir.

Investigation of Multiple Well Injections for Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Aquifers

Author : Abhishek Joshi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Investigation of Multiple Well Injections for Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Aquifers by : Abhishek Joshi

Download or read book Investigation of Multiple Well Injections for Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Aquifers written by Abhishek Joshi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the amount of CO2 present in the atmospheres is increasing due to combustion emission, it is becoming more and more important to find ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One of the ways to do that is through carbon sequestration. Saline formations (aquifers) provide viable destination for carbon sequestration. The storage potential in these reservoirs is estimated at several thousands of Giga Tonnes (Gt) of CO2. Even though the capacity is substantial, the process of filling this capacity has a lot of challenges. Injection of large volumes within short period of time increases the formation pressure (which should be below fracture pressure) very fast. For each particular reservoir, injection capacity should be identified based on which CO2 can be injected within a particular injection area and time. In order to achieve this, an in-depth sensitivity study needs to be done on the various reservoir parameters such as thickness, rock compressibility, permeability, porosity, reservoir temperature and pressure, aquifer fracture pressure, number and placement of injection's wells. The objective of my Master's thesis work is finding ways to increase the storage injection capacity based on reservoir parameters and optimizing the well placement by identifying and developing analytical and numerical tools to do so. The research also focuses on conducting a sensitivity analysis on these parameters in order to find out the optimal injection scenario to obtain the amount of maximum CO2 sequestration in a reservoir. This study can help in the CO2 sequestration capacity predictions and screening suitable reservoir based on technical and economic criteria. In order to derive the injection capacity of the reservoir based on the reservoir parameters, two analytical models of multiple well injections were studied: i) Single-phase (Brine injection in a brine reservoir and ii) Two phase model (CO2 injection in a brine reservoir). In both cases, the aim is to analyse the pressure build-up and the results are discussed in terms of comparison with numerical simulations. Although analytical modeling is less accurate (compare to numerical) and restricted to vertical well injection it allows large number of realizations for sensitivity analysis to find significant patterns of the process and reduces the number of numerical simulations needed at final stages of optimization. Analysis is done by considering infinite acting, homogenous, isotropic and isothermal reservoir condition. The Ei-function approximation method was used to simulate results on pressure profile across the reservoir. Once we have a validated model, we look into increasing the CO2 injection capacity of saline aquifers by applying the multiple wells injection strategy. This was done by looking at the well interferences based on superposition principle and mapping the pressure build-up profile in the reservoir. Various approaches were used to get maximum injection capacity.

Numerical Simulation and Optimization of CO2 Sequestration in Saline Aquifers

Author : Zheming Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (861 download)

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Book Synopsis Numerical Simulation and Optimization of CO2 Sequestration in Saline Aquifers by : Zheming Zhang

Download or read book Numerical Simulation and Optimization of CO2 Sequestration in Saline Aquifers written by Zheming Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With heightened concerns on CO2 emissions from pulverized-coal power plants, there has been major emphasis in recent years on the development of safe and economical Geological Carbon Sequestration (GCS) technology. Although among one of the most promising technologies to address the problem of anthropogenic global-warming due to CO2 emissions, the detailed mechanisms of GCS are not well-understood. As a result, there remain many uncertainties in determining the sequestration capacity of the formation/reservoir and the safety of sequestered CO2 due to leakage. These uncertainties arise due to lack of information about the detailed interior geometry of the formation and the heterogeneity in its geological properties such as permeability and porosity which influence the sequestration capacity and plume migration. Furthermore, the sequestration efficiency is highly dependent on the injection strategy which includes injection rate, injection pressure, type of injection well employed and its orientation etc. The goal of GCS is to maximize the sequestration capacity and minimize the plume migration by optimizing the GCS operation before proceeding with its large scale deployment. In this dissertation, numerical simulations of GCS are conducted using the DOE multi-phase flow solver TOUGH2 (Transport of Unsaturated Groundwater and Heat). A multi-objective optimization code based on genetic algorithm is developed to optimize the GCS operation for a given geological formation. Most of the studies are conducted for sequestration in a saline formation (aquifer). First, large scale GCS studies are conducted for three identified saline formations for which some experimental data and computations performed by other investigators are available, namely the Mt. Simon formation in Illinois basin, Frio formation in southwest Texas, and the Utsira formation off the coast of Norway. These simulation studies have provided important insights as to the key sources of uncertainties that can influence the accuracy in simulations. For optimization of GCS practice, a genetic algorithm (GA) based optimizer has been developed and combined with TOUGH2. Designated as GA-TOUGH2, this combined solver/optimizer has been validated by performing optimization studies on a number of model problems and comparing the results with brute force optimization which requires large number of simulations. Using GA-TOUGH2, an innovative reservoir engineering technique known as water-alternating-gas (WAG) injection is investigated in the context of GCS; GA-TOUGH2 is applied to determine the optimal WAG operation for enhanced CO2 sequestration capacity. GA-TOUGH2 is also used to perform optimization designs of time-dependent injection rate for optimal injection pressure management, and optimization designs of well distribution for minimum well interference. Results obtained from these optimization designs suggest that over 20% reduction of in situ CO2 footprint, greatly enhanced CO2 dissolution, and significantly improved well injectivity can be achieved by employing GA-TOUGH2. GA-TOUGH2 has also been employed to determine the optimal well placement in a multi-well injection operation. GA-TOUGH2 appears to hold great promise in studying a host of other optimization problems related to GCS.

Optimization and Monitoring of Geological Carbon Storage Operations

Author : David A. Cameron
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (857 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimization and Monitoring of Geological Carbon Storage Operations by : David A. Cameron

Download or read book Optimization and Monitoring of Geological Carbon Storage Operations written by David A. Cameron and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon capture and storage is a climate change mitigation technology that involves collecting and injecting CO2 emissions from fossil fuel burning power plants, or other point source emitters, into deep underground geologic formations such as brine aquifers. In carbon storage operations, structurally trapped CO2 that is mobile (i.e., able to flow as a free-CO2 phase) will be susceptible to leakage if the cap rock is compromised. Thus, the environmental and economic risks associated with a sequestration project can be reduced by facilitating other storage mechanisms and minimizing the amount of structurally trapped CO2. Data assimilation is also essential if we are to reduce the uncertainty in the CO2 plume location and to quickly identify any leakage through the cap rock. In this work we develop and apply computational optimization procedures to minimize the risk of CO2 leakage and to perform data assimilation in order to identify the location of the CO2 plume and detect CO2 leakage through the cap rock. The risk of leakage is quantified both in terms of the mobile CO2 in the formation and in terms of the total mobility of free CO2 at the top of the storage aquifer. Risk minimization is accomplished by determining optimum locations and time-varying injection rates for a set of horizontal CO2 injection wells. Both Hooke-Jeeves Direct Search and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithms are used for this purpose. A brine cycling procedure, in which brine is periodically produced at the bottom of the aquifer and reinjected at the top of the aquifer, is also considered, and the parameters associated with this operation are optimized. For data assimilation (or history matching), aquifer geology is represented in terms of a relatively small number of parameters using a Karhunen-Loeve (K-L) expansion. Sensor and CO2 injection-well data provide the measurements to be matched. A procedure for optimizing the placement of monitoring wells and the weights of the various types of measured data, with the goal of maximizing the efficacy of the history matching procedure, is also presented. Optimization results for both deterministic and uncertain aquifer models (in the latter case, the aquifer is represented using multiple realizations) are presented for a variety of cases, and reduction in the risk of leakage is consistently achieved. Specifically, by optimizing well placement and control (with known geology), the mobile CO2 fraction is reduced from around 0.32 to 0.22, and the total mobility is decreased by around 39%. For cases with uncertain geology, the reduction in mobile CO2 from optimization is only 7%, highlighting the need for a-priori geologic characterization. Optimizing brine cycling processes leads to further risk reduction, and a plot of risk of leakage versus pore volume of brine injected (which is related to cost) provides a Pareto front for a bi-objective optimization involving these two variables as objectives. The data assimilation procedure is shown to improve predictions for the CO2 plume location relative to results from prior geological models. Specifically, in a series of tests, this procedure reduces the average error in the predicted CO2 mobility in the top layer of the model (which is the quantity of interest) by 46% relative to the error using the prior model. Finally, we investigate the early detection of leaks in the cap rock using pressure data. We introduce a three-region model to quantify the amount of leakage for a large number of leakage cases (some including multiple leaks). A data assimilation method is applied to determine leakage locations and permeabilities for a number of cases, with pressures at sensor wells and injection wells providing the measured data. Particle Swarm Optimization is used for the minimizations associated with this data assimilation problem. A data-rich scenario with nine sensor wells (completed in the overlying aquifer and storage formation) and a data-scarce scenario with four sensor wells (completed only in the overlying aquifer) are considered. Results indicate that the history matching procedure effectively locates leakage positions in cases with a single leak, for both the data-rich and data-scarce scenarios. For cases with multiple leaks, however, the procedure is less reliable, though the data-rich scenario is shown to provide better matches than the data-scarce scenario.

Optimizing the Delivery of Multiple Ecosystem Goods and Services in Agricultural Systems

Author : Maria A. Tsiafouli
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889452964
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimizing the Delivery of Multiple Ecosystem Goods and Services in Agricultural Systems by : Maria A. Tsiafouli

Download or read book Optimizing the Delivery of Multiple Ecosystem Goods and Services in Agricultural Systems written by Maria A. Tsiafouli and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-10-18 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural land is subjected to a variety of societal pressures, as demands for food, animal feed, and biomass production increase, with an added requirement to simultaneously maintain natural areas and mitigate climatic and environmental impacts. The biotic elements of agricultural systems interact with the abiotic environment to generate a number of ecosystem functions that offer services benefiting humans across many scales of time and space. The intensification of agriculture generally reduces biodiversity including that within soil, and impacts negatively upon a number of regulating and supporting ecosystem services. There is a global need toward achieving sustainable agricultural systems, as also highlighted in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. There is hence a need for management regimes that enhance both agricultural production and the associated provision of multiple ecosystem services. The articles of this Research Topic enhance our knowledge of how management practices applied to agricultural systems affect the delivery of multiple ecosystem services and how trade-offs between provisioning, regulating, and supporting services can be handled both above- and below-ground. They also show the diversity of topics that need to be considered within the framework of ecosystem services delivered by agricultural systems, from knowledge on basic concepts and newly-proposed frameworks, to a focus on specific ecosystem types such as grasslands and high nature-value farmlands, pollinator habitats, and soil habitats. This diversity of topics indicates the need for broader-scope research, integrated with targeted scientific research to promote sustainable agricultural practices and to ensure food security.

Process Integration and Intensification

Author : Jirí Jaromír Klemeš
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110368242
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Process Integration and Intensification by : Jirí Jaromír Klemeš

Download or read book Process Integration and Intensification written by Jirí Jaromír Klemeš and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2014-05-26 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The authors have provided all the elements required for complete understanding of the basic concepts in heat recovery and water minimization in chemical and related processes, and followed these with carefully selected and developed problems and solutions in order to ensure that the concepts delivered can be applied." Simon Perry, The University of Manchester. This graduate textbook covers fundamentals of the key areas of Process Integration and Intensification for intra-process heat recovery (Heat Integration), inter-process heat recovery and cogeneration (Total Site) as well as water conservation. Step by step working sessions are illustrated for deeper understanding of the taught materials. The textbook also provides a wealth of pointers as well as further information for readers to acquire more extensive materials on the diverse industrial applications and the latest development trends in Process Integration and Intensification. It is addressed to graduate students as well as professionals to help the effectively application of Process Integration and Intensification in plant design and operation.

Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309484529
Total Pages : 511 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.

Computational Models for CO2 Geo-sequestration & Compressed Air Energy Storage

Author : Rafid Al-Khoury
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315778726
Total Pages : 566 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (157 download)

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Book Synopsis Computational Models for CO2 Geo-sequestration & Compressed Air Energy Storage by : Rafid Al-Khoury

Download or read book Computational Models for CO2 Geo-sequestration & Compressed Air Energy Storage written by Rafid Al-Khoury and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-04-17 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive mathematical and computational modeling of CO2 Geosequestration and Compressed Air Energy StorageEnergy and environment are two interrelated issues of great concern to modern civilization. As the world population will soon reach eight billion, the demand for energy will dramatically increase, intensifying the use of fossil fuels. Ut

CO2 Sequestration and Valorization

Author : Claudia R. V. Morgado
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535112252
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis CO2 Sequestration and Valorization by : Claudia R. V. Morgado

Download or read book CO2 Sequestration and Valorization written by Claudia R. V. Morgado and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2014-03-12 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reconciliation of economic development, social justice and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is one of the biggest political challenges of the moment. Strategies for mitigating CO2 emissions on a large scale using sequestration, storage and carbon technologies are priorities on the agendas of research centres and governments. Research on carbon sequestration is the path to solving major sustainability problems of this century a complex issue that requires a scientific approach and multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary technology, plus a collaborative policy among nations. Thus, this challenge makes this book an important source of information for researchers, policymakers and anyone with an inquiring mind on this subject.

Proceedings of the First Mandalika International Multi-Conference on Science and Engineering 2022, MIMSE 2022 (Mechanical and Electrical)

Download Proceedings of the First Mandalika International Multi-Conference on Science and Engineering 2022, MIMSE 2022 (Mechanical and Electrical) PDF Online Free

Author : Sugiman Sugiman
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9464630787
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (646 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of the First Mandalika International Multi-Conference on Science and Engineering 2022, MIMSE 2022 (Mechanical and Electrical) by : Sugiman Sugiman

Download or read book Proceedings of the First Mandalika International Multi-Conference on Science and Engineering 2022, MIMSE 2022 (Mechanical and Electrical) written by Sugiman Sugiman and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-10 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an open access book. The covid-19 pandemic today forces humans to do almost all activities from home. Consequently, inventions in many fields of engineering technology are needed to facilitate those activities. First, human activities mainly are based on information technology today and internet connection is very important. People generate, send, and receive data by their smartphones every time and everything is connected to the internet. Equipment becomes smarter to assist the owner. Second, People need powerful, efficient, and smart vehicles and machines in Industry 4.0. Third, the need for energy increases, which causes the decrease of global environmental quality. It needs new technology for saving energy by discovering new technologies in mechanical engineering. Fourth, many technologies emerge as disaster prevention by developing innovations in civil engineering and architecture. The Engineering Faculty of University of Mataram invites engineers and researchers around the world to visit Lombok island and to attend the valuable multi fields conference on science and engineering named “The First Mandalika International Multi-conference on Science and Engineering 2022′′ or “1st MIMSE 2022”. This fruitful event will be the annual conference in Lombok island which is supported by the West Nusa Tenggara Province government. Initially, the 1st MIMSE 2022 consisted of 5 engineering fields are Civil, Architecture, Electrical, Mechanical, and Informatics Engineering.

System Design and Optimization of CO2 Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers

Author : Hossein Shamshiri
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis System Design and Optimization of CO2 Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers by : Hossein Shamshiri

Download or read book System Design and Optimization of CO2 Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers written by Hossein Shamshiri and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optimization of waterflooding sweep efficiency has been widely applied in reservoir engineering to improve hydrocarbon recovery while delaying water breakthrough and minimizing the bypassed oil in reservoirs. We develop a new framework to optimize flooding sweep efficiency in geologic formations with heterogeneous properties and demonstrate its application to waterflooding and geological CO2 sequestration problems. The new method focuses on equalizing and delaying (under constant total injected volume) the breakthrough time of the injected fluid at production wells. For application to CO2 sequestration where producers may not be present, we introduce the concept of pseudo production wells that have insignificant production rates (with negligible effect on the overall flow regime) for quantification of hypothetical breakthrough curves that can be used for optimization purpose. We apply the new method to waterflooding and CO2 sequestration optimization using two heterogeneous reservoir models. We show that in water flooding experiments, the proposed method improves the sweep efficiency by delaying the field breakthrough and equalizing breakthrough times in all production wells. In this case, the optimization results in increased oil recovery and decreased water production. We apply a modified version of the proposed algorithm to geologic CO2 sequestration problems to maximize the storage capacity of aquifers by enhancing the residual and dissolution trapping. The results from applying the proposed approach to optimization of geologic CO2 storage problems illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm in improving residual and solubility trapping by increasing the contact between available fresh brine and the injected CO2 plume through a more uniform distribution of CO2 in the aquifer.

Numerical Simulation and Optimization of Carbon Dioxide Utilization and Storage in Enhanced Gas Recovery and Enhanced Geothermal Systems

Download Numerical Simulation and Optimization of Carbon Dioxide Utilization and Storage in Enhanced Gas Recovery and Enhanced Geothermal Systems PDF Online Free

Author : James H. Biagi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 75 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (927 download)

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Book Synopsis Numerical Simulation and Optimization of Carbon Dioxide Utilization and Storage in Enhanced Gas Recovery and Enhanced Geothermal Systems by : James H. Biagi

Download or read book Numerical Simulation and Optimization of Carbon Dioxide Utilization and Storage in Enhanced Gas Recovery and Enhanced Geothermal Systems written by James H. Biagi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With rising concerns surrounding CO2 emissions from fossil fuel power plants, there has been a strong emphasis on the development of safe and economical Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technology. Two methods that show the most promise are Enhanced Gas Recovery (EGR) and Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). In Enhanced Gas Recovery a depleted or depleting natural gas reservoir is re-energized with high pressure CO2 to increase the recovery factor of the gas. As an additional benefit following the extraction of natural gas, the reservoir would serve as a long-term storage vessel for the captured carbon. CO2 based Enhanced Geothermal Systems seek to increase the heat extracted from a given geothermal reservoir by using CO2 as a working fluid. Carbon sequestration is accomplished as a result of fluid losses throughout the life of the geothermal system. Although these technologies are encouraging approaches to help in the mitigation of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, the detailed mechanisms involved are not fully understood. There remain uncertainties in the efficiency of the systems over time, and the safety of the sequestered CO2 due to leakage. In addition, the efficiency of both natural gas extraction in EGR and heat extraction in EGS are highly dependent on the injection rate and injection pressure. Before large scale deployment of these technologies, it is important to maximize the extraction efficiency and sequestration capacity by optimizing the injection parameters. In this thesis, numerical simulations of subsurface flow in EGR and EGS are conducted using the DOE multiphase flow solver TOUGH2 (Transport of Unsaturated Groundwater and Heat). A previously developed multi-objective optimization code based on a genetic algorithm is modified for applications to EGR and EGS. For EGR study, a model problem based on a benchmark-study that compares various mathematical and numerical models for CO2 storage is considered. For EGS study a model problem based on previous studies (with parameters corresponding to the European EGS site at Soultz) is considered. The simulation results compare well with the computations of other investigators and give insight into the parameters that can influence the simulation accuracy. Optimizations for EGR and EGS problems are carried out with a genetic algorithm (GA) based optimizer combined with TOUGH2, designated as GA-TOUGH2. Validation of the optimizer was achieved by comparison of GA based optimization studies with the brute-force run of large number of simulations. Using GA-TOUGH2, optimal time-independent and time-dependent injection profiles were determined for both EGR and EGS. Optimization of EGR problem resulted in a larger natural gas production rate, a shorter total operation time, and an injection pressure well below the fracture pressure. Optimization of EGS problem resulted in a precise management of the production temperature profile, heat extraction for the entire well life, and more efficient utilization of CO2. The results of these studies will hopefully pave the way for future GA-TOUGH2 based optimization studies to improve the modeling of CCUS projects.

Multi-Objective Optimization in Chemical Engineering

Author : Gade Pandu Rangaiah
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118341686
Total Pages : 487 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (183 download)

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Book Synopsis Multi-Objective Optimization in Chemical Engineering by : Gade Pandu Rangaiah

Download or read book Multi-Objective Optimization in Chemical Engineering written by Gade Pandu Rangaiah and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-20 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For reasons both financial and environmental, there is a perpetual need to optimize the design and operating conditions of industrial process systems in order to improve their performance, energy efficiency, profitability, safety and reliability. However, with most chemical engineering application problems having many variables with complex inter-relationships, meeting these optimization objectives can be challenging. This is where Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) is useful to find the optimal trade-offs among two or more conflicting objectives. This book provides an overview of the recent developments and applications of MOO for modeling, design and operation of chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, energy and related processes. It then covers important theoretical and computational developments as well as specific applications such as metabolic reaction networks, chromatographic systems, CO2 emissions targeting for petroleum refining units, ecodesign of chemical processes, ethanol purification and cumene process design. Multi-Objective Optimization in Chemical Engineering: Developments and Applications is an invaluable resource for researchers and graduate students in chemical engineering as well as industrial practitioners and engineers involved in process design, modeling and optimization.

Targeted Pressure Management During CO2 Sequestration

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Targeted Pressure Management During CO2 Sequestration by :

Download or read book Targeted Pressure Management During CO2 Sequestration written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large-scale pressure increases resulting from carbon dioxide (CO2) injection in the subsurface can potentially impact caprock integrity, induce reactivation of critically stressed faults, and drive CO2 or brine through conductive features into shallow groundwater. Pressure management involving the extraction of native fluids from storage formations can be used to minimize pressure increases while maximizing CO2 storage. However, brine extraction requires pumping, transportation, possibly treatment, and disposal of substantial volumes of extracted brackish or saline water, all of which can be technically challenging and expensive. This paper describes a constrained differential evolution (CDE) algorithm for optimal well placement and injection/ extraction control with the goal of minimizing brine extraction while achieving predefined pressure contraints. The CDE methodology was tested for a simple optimization problem whose solution can be partially obtained with a gradient-based optimization methodology. The CDE successfully estimated the true global optimum for both extraction well location and extraction rate, needed for the test problem. A more complex example application of the developed strategy was also presented for a hypothetical CO2 storage scenario in a heterogeneous reservoir consisting of a critically stressed fault nearby an injection zone. Through the CDE optimization algorithm coupled to a numerical vertically-averaged reservoir model, we successfully estimated optimal rates and locations for CO2 injection and brine extraction wells while simultaneously satisfying multiple pressure buildup constraints to avoid fault activation and caprock fracturing. The study shows that the CDE methodology is a very promising tool to solve also other optimization problems related to GCS, such as reducing 'Area of Review', monitoring design, reducing risk of leakage and increasing storage capacity and trapping.

Climate Intervention

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309305322
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Intervention by : National Research Council

Download or read book Climate Intervention written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-06-17 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The signals are everywhere that our planet is experiencing significant climate change. It is clear that we need to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from our atmosphere if we want to avoid greatly increased risk of damage from climate change. Aggressively pursuing a program of emissions abatement or mitigation will show results over a timescale of many decades. How do we actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make a bigger difference more quickly? As one of a two-book report, this volume of Climate Intervention discusses CDR, the carbon dioxide removal of greenhouse gas emissions from the atmosphere and sequestration of it in perpetuity. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration introduces possible CDR approaches and then discusses them in depth. Land management practices, such as low-till agriculture, reforestation and afforestation, ocean iron fertilization, and land-and-ocean-based accelerated weathering, could amplify the rates of processes that are already occurring as part of the natural carbon cycle. Other CDR approaches, such as bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration, direct air capture and sequestration, and traditional carbon capture and sequestration, seek to capture CO2 from the atmosphere and dispose of it by pumping it underground at high pressure. This book looks at the pros and cons of these options and estimates possible rates of removal and total amounts that might be removed via these methods. With whatever portfolio of technologies the transition is achieved, eliminating the carbon dioxide emissions from the global energy and transportation systems will pose an enormous technical, economic, and social challenge that will likely take decades of concerted effort to achieve. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration will help to better understand the potential cost and performance of CDR strategies to inform debate and decision making as we work to stabilize and reduce atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide.

Numerical Simulation and Optimization of Carbon Dioxide Utilization for Enhanced Oil Recovery from Depleted Reservoirs

Author : Razi Safi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (914 download)

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Book Synopsis Numerical Simulation and Optimization of Carbon Dioxide Utilization for Enhanced Oil Recovery from Depleted Reservoirs by : Razi Safi

Download or read book Numerical Simulation and Optimization of Carbon Dioxide Utilization for Enhanced Oil Recovery from Depleted Reservoirs written by Razi Safi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to concerns about rising CO2 emissions from fossil fuel power plants, there has been a strong emphasis on the development of a safe and economical method for Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS). One area of current interest in CO2 utilization is the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) from depleted reservoirs. In an Enhanced Oil Recovery system, a depleted or depleting oil reservoir is re-energized by injecting high-pressure CO2 to increase the recovery factor of the oil from the reservoir. An additional benefit beyond oil recovery is that the reservoir could also serve as a long-term storage vessel for the injected CO2. Although this technology is old, its application to depleted reservoirs is relatively recent because of its dual benefit of oil recovery and CO2 storage thereby making some contributions to the mitigation of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Since EOR from depleted reservoirs using CO2 injection has been considered by the industry only recently, there are uncertainties in deployment that are not well understood, e.g. the efficiency of the EOR system over time, the safety of the sequestered CO2 due to possible leakage from the reservoir. Furthermore, it is well known that the efficiency of the oil extraction is highly dependent on the CO2 injection rate and the injection pressure. Before large scale deployment of this technology can occur, it is important to understand the mechanisms that can maximize the oil extraction efficiency as well as the CO2 sequestration capacity by optimizing the CO2 injection parameters, namely, the injection rate and the injection pressure. In this thesis, numerical simulations of subsurface flow in an EOR system is conducted using the DOE funded multiphase flow solver COZView/COZSim developed by Nitec, LLC. A previously developed multi-objective optimization code based on a genetic algorithm developed in the CFD laboratory of the Mechanical Engineering department of Washington University in St. Louis is modified for the use the COZView/COZSim software for optimization applications to EOR. In this study, two reservoirs are modeled. The first is based on a benchmark reservoir described in the COZSim tutorial; the second is a reservoir in the Permian Basin in Texas for which extensive data is available. In addition to pure CO2 injection, a Water Alternating Gas (WAG) injection scheme is also investigated for the same two reservoirs. Optimizations for EOR Constant Gas Injection (CGI) and WAG injection schemes are conducted with a genetic algorithm (GA) based optimizer combined with the simulation software COZSim. Validation of the obtained multi-objective optimizer was achieved by comparing its results with the results obtained from the built-in optimization function within the COZView graphic user interface. Using our GA based optimizer, optimal constant-mass and pressure-limited injection profiles are determined for EOR. In addition, the use of recycled gas is also investigated. Optimization of the EOR problem results in an increased recovery factor with a more efficient utilization of injected CO2. The results of this study should help in paving the way for future optimization studies of other systems such as Enhanced Gas Recovery (EGR) and Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) that are currently being investigated and considered for CCUS.

Carbon Sequestration Technologies

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Innovation
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Carbon Sequestration Technologies by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Innovation

Download or read book Carbon Sequestration Technologies written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Innovation and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: