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Optimised Method For The Routine Determination Of Technetium 99 In Environmental Samples By Liquid Scintillation Counting
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Book Synopsis Optimised method for the routine determination of Technetium-99 in environmental samples by liquid scintillation counting by : F. Wigley
Download or read book Optimised method for the routine determination of Technetium-99 in environmental samples by liquid scintillation counting written by F. Wigley and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Determination of Technetium-99 by Liquid Scintillation Counting by :
Download or read book Determination of Technetium-99 by Liquid Scintillation Counting written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A rapid and reliable method for analyzing technetium-99 in a wide variety of environmental samples, including waters, soils, stream sediments, and vegetations, has been developed. The procedure entails oxidizing the technitium to the heptavalent state and dissolving it in 6 N sulfuric acid. From that medium the technetium is quantitatively and selectively extracted into tributyl phosphate. A portion of the extract is then added to a scintillation cocktail, and technetium-99 activity is measured by liquid scintillation counting. Since a relatively large sample can be handled, the method can detest as little as 0.016 pCI 99Tc/ml water, 0.1 pCi 99Tc/g soil or sediment, and 0.2 pCi 99Tc/g vegetation. The procedure has also been adapted to analyzing urine samples, in which technetium activity as low as 0.12 pCi/ml can be detected.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis by : Michael F. L'Annunziata
Download or read book Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis written by Michael F. L'Annunziata and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-09-12 with total page 1327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis describes the preparation of samples from a wide variety of matrices, assists the investigator or technician in the selection and use of appropriate radiation detector, and presents the latest state-of-the-art computerized and automated methods of analysis. The new Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis is suitable as a teaching text for university and professional training courses. Of interest to those working in a wide spectrum of disciplines, including: scientists, engineers, physicians, and technicians involved with the preparation, utilization, or disposal of radioactive materials and the measurement of radioactivity in the environment. New, expanded and updated edition with three additional chapters Provides modern procedures and guidelines for the analysis of natural and man-made environmental radionuclides Includes up-to-date detailed sample preparation techniques for soil, air, plant, water, biological tissue, filter material, gels, surface swipes, etc. Provides practical information for radioactivity monitoring, spectrometric analysis, and radiation dosimetry Covers state-of-the-art high sample throughput microplate analysis techniques and multi-detector scintillation proximity analysis Presents the latest methods of rapid electronic radionuclide imaging Written by twenty-five experts from eight countries. Over 2,000 literature references
Book Synopsis Determination of Technetium-99 in Environmental Samples by Solvent Extraction at Controlled Valence by :
Download or read book Determination of Technetium-99 in Environmental Samples by Solvent Extraction at Controlled Valence written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Standard Test Method for Determination of Technetium-99 in Uranium Hexafluoride by Liquid Scintillation Counting Withdrawn 2008 by :
Download or read book Standard Test Method for Determination of Technetium-99 in Uranium Hexafluoride by Liquid Scintillation Counting Withdrawn 2008 written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methodology for the Determination of Environmental 129I and 99Tc by :
Download or read book Methodology for the Determination of Environmental 129I and 99Tc written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Savannah River Laboratory is using existing techniques and developing new methodology to determine the environmental impact of the Savannah River Plant with regard to 129I and 99Tc. 129I is determined by neutron activation after the method of Brauer. Activation products are quantified by .gamma.-ray spectroscopy (Ge(Li)) following chemical isolation. 125I is used as a yield tracer. 129I amounts as low as 3.8 fCi can be determined with 30-minute counting times. An isotope dilution method for 99Tc based on a three-stage surface ionization mass spectrometer is being developed. Its chemical isolation scheme ends with the Tc loaded on a single ion-exchange bead for enhanced mass-spectrometric sensitivity. 97Tc will be used as a yield tracer. A lower limit of 0.2 fCi is sought. A modified method using liquid scintillation counting has determined 99Tc in some aqueous samples. These methods have confirmed that 129I and 99Tc can be highly mobile in the aqueous environment, establishing the need for monitoring.
Book Synopsis The Determination of Technetium-99 in Environmental Materials by : B.R. Harvey
Download or read book The Determination of Technetium-99 in Environmental Materials written by B.R. Harvey and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Determination of Technetium-99 in Aqueous Samples by Isotope Dilution Inductively Coupled Plasma-mass Spectrometry by :
Download or read book Determination of Technetium-99 in Aqueous Samples by Isotope Dilution Inductively Coupled Plasma-mass Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An isotope dilution/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric method (ID/ICP-MS) for measuring the concentration of technetium-99 in aqueous samples was developed at the Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC). The procedure is faster than radiometric techniques, is also less subject to interferences, and has equal or better detection limits. It is currently being used to measure the concentration of 99Tc in samples of Savannah River water collected in the vicinity of the Savannah River Site. In this method, one liter samples of water are spiked with 97Tc. After equilibration, the technetium is extracted from the sample with a chromatographic resin. Interfering elements, molybdenum and ruthenium, are either not retained by the resin or are washed off with dilute nitric acid. The technetium is then eluted with more concentrated nitric acid, and the 99Tc/97Tc ratio in the eluant is measured with an ICP-MS. The 99Tc concentration in the original sample is calculated from the 99Tc/97Tc ratio. The chemical recovery of the extraction procedure is greater than 90%. The detection limit of the instrument, taken as three times the background counts at m/z = 99, is 0.6 part per trillion (ppt). The detection limit of the procedure, taken as three times the standard deviation of several reagent blank analyses, is 0.33 pCi/L.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Oxidation Techniques for Preparing Bioassay and Environmental Samples for Liquid Scintillation Counting by :
Download or read book Evaluation of Oxidation Techniques for Preparing Bioassay and Environmental Samples for Liquid Scintillation Counting written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In environmental and biological monitoring for carbon-14 and tritium, the presence of color and chemical quenching agents in the samples can degrade the efficiency of liquid scintillation counting. A series of experiments was performed to evaluate the usefulness, under routine conditions, of first oxidizing the samples to improve the counting by removing the color and quenching agents. The scintillation counter was calibrated for the effects of quenching agents on its counting efficiency. Oxidizing apparatus was tested for its ability to accurately recover the 14C and 3H in the samples. Scintillation counting efficiences were compared for a variety of oxidized and unoxidized environmental and bioassay samples. The overall conclusion was that, for routine counting, oxidation of such samples is advantageous when they are highly quenched or in solid form.
Book Synopsis Technetium in the Environment by : G. Desmet
Download or read book Technetium in the Environment written by G. Desmet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1986-05-31 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the discovery of technetium (in 1937, by Perrier and Segre), technetium-99 and technetium-99m have become most familiar in the specialised literature, the behaviour of the former being of concern regarding its health impact, the latter having been used intensively in medical tests for many years. The knowledge of the characteristics and behaviour of this element in nature is currently increasing exponentially. It has become clear, however, that there is still a serious shortage of information needed to assess properly its burden and impact on man and his environment. Technetium may indeed be released from nuclear installations or as a waste product from medical applications. It is generally considered to be highly mobile as the anion TcOi, but it is also suspected to be readily reduced in soils and metabolised in living beings into lower oxidation states. The seminar was planned to analyse thoroughly the experimental results obtained up to now and to make recommendations of specific issues requiring further research. This book presents the papers of the different sessions in the order of presentation, and the conclusions drawn by three discussion groups which dealt separately with: problems of sources and distribution of man-made technetium and its radiological consequences; the chemical behaviour of technetium in different ecosystems; biochemical reactions and binding with macromolecules in various life systems. vi Preface The editors, together with the Programme Committee of the Seminar, wish to express their gratitude to the chairmen of the different sessions for their summary of the group discussions.
Book Synopsis Determination of Picogram Amounts of Technetium in Environmental Samples by Neutron Activation Analysis by : S. Foti
Download or read book Determination of Picogram Amounts of Technetium in Environmental Samples by Neutron Activation Analysis written by S. Foti and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A procedure for the determination of picogram amounts of 99Tc in filter paper and vegetation samples has been developed. The procedure consists of the following major steps: Pre-irradiation separation of technetium from the sample and purification of the technetium fraction. Thermal neutron irradiation of the 99Tc fraction to produce 100Tc. Post-irradiation separation and purification of 100Tc from other activated nuclides. Counting of the 16 sec 100Tc in a low-background beta counter. (Author).
Book Synopsis The Development and Application of an Analytical Method for the Determination of Technetium-99 in the Aquatic Environment by : Kaliaperumal Rajendran
Download or read book The Development and Application of an Analytical Method for the Determination of Technetium-99 in the Aquatic Environment written by Kaliaperumal Rajendran and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A literature survey of techniques for the analytical determination of technetium-99 by : S.E. Long
Download or read book A literature survey of techniques for the analytical determination of technetium-99 written by S.E. Long and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analytical Method for the Radiochemical Determination of Technetium-99 in Nitrate Solutions by Solvent Extraction of Tetraphenylarsonium Pertechnetate by :
Download or read book Analytical Method for the Radiochemical Determination of Technetium-99 in Nitrate Solutions by Solvent Extraction of Tetraphenylarsonium Pertechnetate written by and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of Chemical Isolation and Concentration Techniques for Tc-99 Analysis by Resin-bead Mass Spectrometry by :
Download or read book Development of Chemical Isolation and Concentration Techniques for Tc-99 Analysis by Resin-bead Mass Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel, highly sensitive, isotope-dilution analytical technique for the determination of technetium-99 has been developed around single ion-exchange bead mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry is much more sensitive than direct counting for the low-energy, low-specific activity, Tc-99 isotope. Further, the point source provided by a single ion-exchange bead leads to a greater signal-to-noise ratio in the mass spectrometric measurement than does conventional application of a solution to the source filament. Recent results indicate a sensitivity greater than 0.1 picogram. Isolation of technetium from the samples occurs after addition of Tc-97 as a yield tracer. A combination of ion-exchange chromatography and ion-association solvent extraction provides decontamination from the potential interferences, Mo-97 and Ru-99. Subsequently, the technetium is loaded onto a pair of anion-exchange beads (diameter approx. 0.3 mm). The noncritical isolation and bead-loading scheme typically concentrates the technetium in the sample by a factor of about a million with overall recoveries exceeding 50%. A variety of environmental samples from the Savannah River Plant (SRP) has been analyzed by this method.
Book Synopsis Strategy and Methodology for Radioactive Waste Characterization by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Strategy and Methodology for Radioactive Waste Characterization written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade significant progress has been achieved in the development of waste characterization and control procedures and equipment as a direct response to ever-increasing requirements for quality and reliability of information on waste characteristics. Failure in control procedures at any step can have important, adverse consequences and may result in producing waste packages which are not compliant with the waste acceptance criteria for disposal, thereby adversely impacting the repository. The information and guidance included in this publication corresponds to recent achievements and reflects the optimum approaches, thereby reducing the potential for error and enhancing the quality of the end product. -- Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis The Comparison of Sample Preparation Techniques for the Determination of Technetium-99 in Pure Uranium Compounds and Subsequent Analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) by : PR. Makinson
Download or read book The Comparison of Sample Preparation Techniques for the Determination of Technetium-99 in Pure Uranium Compounds and Subsequent Analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) written by PR. Makinson and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this presentation, a procedure for the determination of ng/g levels of technetium-99 in uranium dioxide powder, hydrolyzed uranium hexafluoride (Hex), and uranyl nitrate liquor (UNL) is discussed, and three methods for the dissolution of uranium dioxide are compared. Digestion of uranium dioxide using concentrated nitric acid in a stoppered glass tube gives variable results. A concentrated hydrochloric acid dissolution using microwave digestion in sealed TFE-fluorocarbon PFA digestion vessels gives reproducible results, as does the digestion using dilute nitric acid in open beakers. The effects of the isobaric interference of ruthenium-99 and the molecular interference of 98MoH and the use of suitable algorithms to correct for such interferences are discussed. Compensation of signal suppression due to the uranium matrix is made by the use of matrix-matched calibration standard solutions and instrumental drift is monitored and corrected by the addition of rhodium as an internal standard. A detection limit (2 s) of 0.3 ng g-1 U is achieved using a solution containing 2 g of uranium per litre and a 30-s per isotope acquisition time, using "peak jump" mode.
