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Author : Jin Xiu Qi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (762 download)
Download or read book Optimal Solvent and Well Geometry for Production of Heavy Oil by Cyclic Solvent Injection written by Jin Xiu Qi and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Zhongwei Du
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Experimental and Mathematical Studies of Cyclic Solvent Injection To Enhance Heavy Oil Recovery written by Zhongwei Du and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been suggested that Cyclic Solvent Injection (CSI) is a highly promising technique to recover heavy oil resources at which other recovery techniques are not economically or efficiently available. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct experimental and mathematical studies on the CSI for effective heavy oil recovery purposes. Experimental and data regression studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of the wormhole on the CSI. Nine tests were completed using three sand-pack physical models with different dimensions. Experimental results suggest that the oil production can be divided into two phases: solvent chamber rising phase and solvent chamber spreading phase. The average production rate in the solvent chamber rising phase is proportional to the wormhole length, while the average production rate in the solvent chamber spreading phase does not change much with the wormhole length. In addition, a relation of the oil production rate to the drainage height is obtained by regression analysis and verified with a different experiment. It is suggested that for a rectangular model, the oil production rate in the chamber rising phase is proportional to h1.1667. Experimental study of effects of pressure decline rate on the CSI has been performed. Twelve tests with ten decline rates through linear and non-linear pressure-drawdown methods were conducted. Results of optimizing the pressure decline rate indicated that the pressure decline rate plays a primary role in the CSI by affecting solvent chamber growth, foamy oil flow performance in Phase 1, and pressure drop force in Phase 2. Different driving mechanisms in different phases lead to different optimum pressure decline rates. Comparison of two pressure-drawdown methods suggests that the main difference between the non-linear pressure-drawdown method and linear pressuredrawdown method is that the former cannot provide a continuous driving force for diluted oil as well as the latter. The effect of the intermittent driving force is much more significant in Phase 2. Therefore, production performance of tests of pressure-drawdown linearly was generally better than that of tests of pressure-drawdown non-linearly. A linear material balance equation of CSI has been proposed to obtain the recovery factor of diluted oil. It is successfully used to obtain the recovery factor of diluted oil of each cycle for a well-designed CSI test in a rectangular physical model (80×40×20 cm3). The relation of the solution-gas oil ratio and the diluted oil formation volume factor with pressure under non-equilibrium state are obtained through linear regression based the material balance equation. They are successfully verified through experimental data of a CSI test in a cylindrical model. Results indicate that the efficiency of oil dilution increases from 4.75% to 10.70% before the Cycle 10. Then it slightly varies from 10% to 16.25% till the Cycle 25. It is dramatically decreased 10.11% in the last five cycles. For first three cycles, the diluted oil recovery factor is up to 40% due to extended production time. Then it almost keeps around 32% till the Cycle 25. Three mixture solvent with the decline rate of 12.5 kPa/min ,5 kPa/min and 1 kPa/min have been conducted. Knowledge of production performance of mixture solvent CSI tests is obtained through the comparison of mixture solvent tests with different decline rate and the comparison between mixture and pure solvent tests. Pure solvent tests had larger recovery factor and average oil production per cycle than mixture solvent tests. The asphaltene precipitation and production time significantly impacted the recovery factor of diluted oil in mixture solvent tests.
Author : Hongze Ma
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Optimum Cyclic Solvent Injection (CSI) and Waterflooding/Gasflooding in the Post Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand (Chops) Reservoirs written by Hongze Ma and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, the technical synergy of combining cyclic solvent injection (CSI) and waterflooding (WF) or gasflooding (GF) in a two-well configuration for the post-cold heavy oil production with sand (CHOPS) reservoirs was explored. In the experiments, the original heavy oil samples were collected from the Colony and McLaren formations in Alberta, Canada. The PVT data and viscosities of CH4/CO2/C3H8-saturated Colony/McLaren heavy oil were measured at different equilibrium pressures and Tres = 21 °C. A total of 17 sandpacked laboratory tests were conducted to examine the technical and economical merits of the combined CSI and WF/GF. Both the CSI + WF and CSI + GF recovered more heavy oil than the CSI or WF alone due to the extended foamy-oil flow. The combined CSI and WF outperformed the combined CSI and GF in terms of the heavy oil recovery factor (RF), heavy oil production rate, and cumulative gas-oil ratio (GOR) because gas channeling was hindered by the subsequently injected water. In addition, C3H8 was found to be a more dissolving and extracting solvent than CO2 due to its more favourable PVT properties and larger heavy oil viscosity reduction. The intermediate pressure drawdown rate or CO2 injection rate resulted in a higher heavy oil RF during the CSI or GF. Theoretically, an analytical material balance model (MBM) was formulated to predict the cumulative heavy oil and gas productions and the average reservoir pressure during the primary production and subsequent CSI. The non-equilibrium phase behaviour and the foamy-oil properties were taken into account in this analytical MBM. Several unknown parameters were tuned and determined by best matching the theoretically predicted data and the experimentally measured data, such as the nucleation coefficient of dissolved CH4 in the heavy oil and the decay coefficient of dispersed CH4 bubbles from the heavy oil. The predicted cumulative heavy oil productions and average reservoir pressures during the primary production and subsequent CSI agreed well with the measured data. However, there were large discrepancies between the predicted and measured cumulative gas productions in the CSI because of its gas channeling, which is a major technical issue encountered in the CSI. In addition, it was found that dissolved CH4 in the heavy oil became the dispersed CH4 bubbles more quickly when the nucleation coefficient was larger at a higher pressure drawdown rate or in a less viscous heavy oil. The foamy heavy oil with the dispersed CH4 bubbles was more stable when the decay coefficient was smaller at an increased pressure drawdown rate or in a more viscous heavy oil. Numerical simulations were undertaken to optimize the CSI, CSI + WF, and CSI + GF after the primary production in a representative and synthetic field-scale heavy oil reservoir by choosing the net present value (NPV) as an objective function. The steepest ascent (SA) method and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) were utilized to find the optimum well controls and maximize the NPV. Both the SA method and PSO efficiently determined nearly optimum NPVs for the CSI, CSI + WF, and CSI + GF in the heavy oil reservoirs with/without the wormholes. It was found in this study that the NPV of the CSI + GF was the highest in the post-CHOPS reservoir. The oil producer should be operated at the minimum allowable bottom hole pressure (BHP) during the entire reservoir life. The gas injector should be used to inject at the maximum allowable injection rate during the early cycles but shut in during the late cycles to control the gas channeling.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book The Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kewei Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Cyclic Hot Solvent Injection Method to Enhance Heavy Oil Recovery Based on Experimental Study written by Kewei Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the solvent-based heavy oil recovery methods, the cyclic solvent injection (CSI) method has been acknowledged as an effective method with high oil production rate. Oil recovery in pure solvent CSI study is as high as over 70%. However, injection pressure in the pure solvent CSI is limited by the low dew point pressure of hydrocarbon at laboratory ambient temperature condition. In the mixture gas CSI method, although the solvent dew point pressure can be raised at the ambient temperature condition, recovery factor of this method is much lower than that of pure solvent CSI method. Therefore, it is necessary to explore an alternative CSI method which takes advantage of both pure gas-based and mixture gas-based CSI methods. As raising the pure solvent injection temperature can increase the solvent dew point pressure, the idea of hot solvent CSI is experimentally tested in this study. This new type of CSI method is named the cyclic hot solvent injection method (CHSI). In the CHSI laboratory study, hot solvent can reach high initial reservoir pressure. The experimental system consists of a sand-pack model unit, injection unit, production unit and data acquisition unit. Three major topics have been studied concerning CHSI: the comparison between CHSI and the replaceable method of CHSI (the mixture gas CSI method), the comparison between CHSI and the "N-Solv" (hot vapor solvent extraction) method, and temperature sensitivity analysis in CHSI. Experimental results show that, for the first topic, oil recovery of CHSI method is much higher than it is in mixture gas CSI method; for the second topic, oil production performance of CHSI is compared with that II in N-Solv; for the third topic, three solvent injection temperature levels are compared with each other in order to study solvent temperature effect on the oil production performance. Experimental results show that the CHSI method is an effective heavy oil extraction method, because this method is superior to mixture gas CSI method and N-Solv method regarding oil recovery. Oil recovery of CHSI is hardly influenced by solvent injection temperature. However, solvent injection temperature positively affects oil production rate during early CSI production period.
Author : H. J. Lechtenberg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Field Study of Viscous Oil Production by Solvent Stimulation, Wilmington, California written by H. J. Lechtenberg and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Tao Jiang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book An Improved Vapour Solvent Injection Technique for Enhanced Heavy Oil Recovery written by Tao Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Analytical Model for Simulating Heavy-Oil Recovery by Cyclic Steam Injection Using Horizontal Wells, SUPRI TR-118 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this investigation, existing analytical models for cyclic steam injection and oil recovery are reviewed and a new model is proposed that is applicable to horizontal wells. A new flow equation is developed for oil production during cyclic steaming of horizontal wells. The model accounts for the gravity-drainage of oil along the steam-oil interface and through the steam zone. Oil viscosity, effective permeability, geometry of the heated zone, porosity, mobile oil saturation, and thermal diffusivity of the reservoir influence the flow rate of oil in the model. The change in reservoir temperature with time is also modeled, and it results in the expected decline in oil production rate during the production cycle as the reservoir cools. Wherever appropriate, correlations and incorporated to minimize data requirements. A limited comparison to numerical simulation results agrees well, indicating that essential physics are successfully captured. Cyclic steaming appears to be a systematic met hod for heating a cold reservoir provided that a relatively uniform distribution of steam is obtained along the horizontal well during injection. A sensitivity analysis shows that the process is robust over the range of expected physical parameters.
Author : Arash Ahadi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Role of C3H8 and CH4 in Enhancing the Foamy Oil Phenomena and Performance of CO2-Based Cyclic Solvent Injection in Heavy Oil Systems written by Arash Ahadi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As light oil resources are continuously depleted, heavy oil exploitation is nowadays being put on agenda to meet the ever-increasing energy demand. Cyclic Solvent Injection (CSI) technique holds great promise as a viable approach to produce heavy oil from thin reservoirs where thermal and gravity-dominated recovery methods fail to sufficiency (and economically) recover oil. CSI, with CO2 being used as the solvent, has become a subject of several investigations and considerable speculation in light oil systems. Nevertheless, not too many studies ventured into realm of application of CO2 in heavy oil systems. In addition, importance of C3H8 and CH4 in the injected CO2 stream has been addressed in the literature; however, the details of the optimum mixing ratio of these two hydrocarbon solvents are the main knowledge gap that needs to be addressed. In this study, series of cyclic injection tests of pure CO2, CH4-CO2, C3H8-CO2, C3H8-CH4, and C3H8-CH4-CO2 were conducted at various operating pressures and mixture compositions to different (in terms of viscosity) heavy oil samples. Sand pack models with absolute permeability of kabs = 6-10 D and porosity of ø = 27-32% were used as representatives of a typical heavy oil reservoir. It was attempted to measure the CO2/solvent apparent solubility, solvent-produced oil asphaltene content, duration of produced-oil foamy shape stability, and oil recovery in each cycle to probe into the trend of responsible mechanisms during each cycle of CSI. Results showed that there is an optimum pressure in cyclic CO2 injection process in heavy oil systems; the pressure beyond which the ultimate oil recovery factor (RF) did not notably improve (near 4.82 MPa in this study). Higher concentration of C3H8 in the CO2 stream improved the oil recovery during cyclic injection. However, ultimate RF was not noticeably increased when C3H8 concentration in the mixture exceeded a certain value (near 50 mole% in this study). Although C3H8 showed effective role on the performance of CSI, it was found that the recovery factor reduces with increased CH4 concentration in the CO2 stream. The highest recovery factor of 73.8% was obtained by injecting mixture of 50% C3H8 - 50% CO2 into 1850 mPa.s viscous oil sample under the operating pressure of Pinj = 1.72 MPa. The results of CSI tests on the heavy oil with viscosity of 6430 mPa.s were lower by almost 20% since the solvent solubility was noticeably lower. Performing C3H8-CH4 tests to 6430 mPa.s viscous oil revealed that there is an optimum fraction of C3H8 in CH4 stream (near 50 mole% in this study). Moreover, partially replacement of C3H8 with CO2 (50% C3H8 - 50% CH4 with 30% C3H8 - 40% CH4 - 30% CO2) was effective (and profitable) as the achieved ultimate RF were more or less the same. No oil production was observed after conducting the first cycle injection of optimum quantified solvents on oil with the viscosity of 22 000 mPa.s. Small values of Solvent Utilization Factor (SUF), relatively high values of Solvent Oil Ratio (SOR), and low quality of the produced oil in the last cycles suggest that higher cycle numbers of CSI in heavy oil reservoirs is depending on the economic limits and might be conducted cautiously.
Author : Nirbendra KC
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Experimental Testing of Solvent Assisted Cyclic Steam Injection in Heavy Oil Reservoirs written by Nirbendra KC and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Anireju Emmanuel Dudun
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3668646511
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (686 download)
Download or read book The use of Prosper in studying the Production Optimization of an Oil Well written by Anireju Emmanuel Dudun and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-02-26 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2014 in the subject Engineering - Power Engineering, grade: A, University of Benin, course: Petroleum Engineering, language: English, abstract: Crude oil production is a major requirement to sustaining the well begins of any petroleum company. This will entail the effective placement of all facilities and equipment; surface or subsurface in order to achieve optimum volume of crude oil production, this is usually called production optimization. In this study, the software prosper was utilized to case study well J-12T Well J-12T, a natural producer was producing at its peak oil rate at 6137 STB/d at 0% water-cut by mid-1973 but since then production has been on the decline due to increasing water-cut and decreasing reservoir pressure. But to date, the well is producing at an oil rate of 1431 STB/d at a water-cut of 50%.The VLP/IPR data were matched to well test flow rate measurement with a deviation of about 0,0534%, thereafter a short and long term optimization plan scenarios such as sensitivity runs on the well head pressure, tubing sizes, and gas lift technique respectively etc for the well, were simulated in PROSPER and then evaluated. The results of this work suggests that; by lowering the Christmas tree pressure from 180 to 120psi the well’s life can be extended to 70% water-cut, also increasing the tubing size from 2,992" to 3,958" ID is also recommended. The gas lift method was found to be more economical as it can produce up to a maximum economic water cut of 90% with optimum gas injection rate of 3.3MMscf/d and oil production rates will increased from 1431 STB/d to about 3000 STB/d at 50% water-cut.
Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 640 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Petroleum Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995-08 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : G. Felipe Ramos
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (812 download)
Download or read book Optimization of Well Configuration for Solvent Vapour Extraction (VAPEX) Heavy Oil Recovery written by G. Felipe Ramos and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adding straight multilateral wells spaced 20 m apart has proven to be the most effective and profitable design, both in the individual section as well as scaled full field. The recovery factor increased by 1.5%, a net gain of $240,000 after blowdown. This project provides a preliminary study of an economic alternative to a heavy oil extraction method that is not as energy and water intensive as thermal commercial production processes currently used in the field.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 748 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Zuojing Zhu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Numerical Investigation of Solvent and Thermal Hybrid Processes for Thin Heavy Oil Reservoirs written by Zuojing Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Xinfeng Jia
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Enhanced Solvent Vapour Extraction Processes in Thin Heavy Oil Reservoirs written by Xinfeng Jia and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Duong Thai Nguyen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (988 download)
Download or read book Production Mechanism of Diluent Injection in Heavy Oil and Bitumen written by Duong Thai Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The invention of horizontal and hydraulic fractured have shaped the oil and gas industry in such a way that engineers could never imagine. Thanks to the new technology, tight formation productions help the United States comes tantalizingly close to energy independent. After four decades, the U.S. lifted the ban on crude oil export increased the competition in the energy market. However, tight formations productions require high capital investment, and high water consumption but its production declines fast. Scientist[s] have been actively seeking for alternative resources for future supply. Heavy oil and bitumen is one of interesting alternative, as the resource can be all over the world, but te largest reserves are concentrated in Americas: Venezuela, and in Canada's Alberta Province. The production of heavy oil and bitumen is an extremely energy-intensive activity with the associated high environmental impact. Most common methods for heavy oil and bitumen production are surface mining or heat injection. The heat lost associated with steam injection is a big concern, sometimes it can be as high as 90%. To reduce heat loss, the use of solvent was employed. However, solvent processes with vertical wells could be much slower than the thermal process such as steam injection. Since the introduction of horizontal well and hydraulic fracture that helps increase the contact area between the solvent and oil, the investigation of solvent injection process has been widely revisited. Solvent or diluent injection without understanding asphaltene behavior can cause permeability and porosity reduction. In this study, I have investigated the mass transfer mechanisms in diluent processes with focus on understanding how these mechanisms govern asphaltene precipitation, flocculation and transportation.
