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Author : Simon Vanstone
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)
Download or read book Optical Drilling of the Human Nail Plate to Facilitate Transungual Drug Delivery written by Simon Vanstone and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Biji Palliyil
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (128 download)
Download or read book The Preformulation and Formulation Development for Transungual Delivery of Antifungal Drug Ciclopirox Olamine written by Biji Palliyil and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Onychomycosis also known as dermatophytic onychomycosis is the fungal infection of the toenails and fingernails, characterized by discoloration and thickening of the nail and involves the nail plate, nail bed and nail folds. The disease is more than a cosmetic problem, as it severely impacts the patient's quality of life. Onychomycosis is an opportunistic infection in special subpopulations of patients suffering from diabetes, psoriasis, HIV/AIDS etc. The current treatment strategies involve systemic delivery of oral antifungal agents including azoles (e.g. itraconazole) and allylamines (e.g. terbinafine hydrochloride) which are delivered to the nail plate from the nail bed. More recently, topical delivery of drugs including amorolfine and bifonazole/urea (available outside the United States) and Penlac® nail lacquer (ciclopirox) topical solution, 8%, available in the US are an alternative treatment option to the oral antifungal agents. Topical delivery of antifungal agents through the human nail offer several advantages over oral therapy including lower incidence of adverse events and lower potential for drug-drug interaction with drugs used to treat diabetes, HIV/AIDS and psoriasis. The objectives of this project were to: 1) To determine the critical factors affecting the delivery of ciclopirox olamine across the human nail, 2) To screen and select penetration enhancer(s) specific for ciclopirox olamine delivery into the target tissue(s) and 3) To develop a novel transungual formulation containing ciclopirox olamine (CPO) and penetration enhancer(s) for transungual delivery. Ciclopirox olamine, the salt form of the free acid of ciclopirox was used in the study to develop a novel transungual patch formulation and skin and nail permeation from the patch formulation was compared to Penlac® nail lacquer. Various factors such as drug partitioning into the healthy and infected toenail, drug-keratin binding, lateral diffusion, drug-epidermal binding and the formulation components, all play a role in achieving optimum drug penetration and permeation through the nail. Understanding the interplay of these factors helped in the development of an effective topical formulation which was observed to be superior to Penlac® nail lacquer in the in vitro studies. Most cases of onychomycosis show infection and inflammation of the nail folds (skin surrounding the nails). Therefore for an efficient treatment of OM, the antifungal drugs must be delivered to two target tissues - human nail and the nail folds. The major challenges in developing a topical formulation for treatment on OM are: a) Achieving antifungal drug minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the epidermis of the nail folds. b) Enhancing penetration and permeation of the antifungal drug across the human nail to reach the nail bed and achieve the necessary MIC (tissue underneath the nail). Twelve chemical penetration enhancers (PEs) were screened for their ability to enhance ciclopirox olamine accumulation into the nail folds and permeation through the nail. Propylene glycol (PG) enhanced the levels of the drug in the epidermis of the skin while limiting its permeation across the skin. Thiourea (TU) was selected as the best enhancer to increase ciclopirox olamine penetration into the nail. The diffusion of the antifungal drug across the human nail was studied in vitro using human cadaver toenails mounted in Franz diffusion cells. Pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) belonging to the polyisobutylene, polysiloxane and polyacrylate classes of adhesives were screened to develop a monolithic drug-in-adhesive-type nail patch. The in vitro release of CPO from the PSA patches were limited and did not improve in presence of hydrophilic plasticizer (propylene glycol) and hydrophobic plasticizers (triacetin and triethyl citrate). Increasing the concentration of TU from 1 % to 10 %, lead to its crystallization in the dry patches. Therefore a change in the patch design was recommended. Other hydrophilic polymers including Polyoxyethylene (POLYOX®) and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) were also screened to develop a modified drug-in-hydrophilic matrix patch design. The patch was designed to incorporate CPO, PG and TU in the polymer matrix overlaid on a non-occlusive backing membrane cast with polyacrylate PSA. The HPMC films showed the best drug release profile with 80 % release in 2 to 4 hours using a USP apparatus 5. These patches were characterized for drug penetration into the skin and nail permeation. Penlac® nail lacquer was used as the comparator control product. The prototype HPMC K15M patch containing 10 %w/w each of the drug and TU and 150 % w/w of PG showed 2.8 fold increase in CPO accumulation in epidermis compared to Penlac® nail lacquer in 24 hours. The skin permeation was found to be similar to that of Penlac®. The HPMC K15M patch formulation showed 2.7 fold increase in CPO concentration within the nail and 4.2 fold increase in transungual flux compared to Penlac®. The patch delivered higher levels of ciclopirox olamine into the target tissues with a lower permeation lag-time. The novel nail patch delivery system had the following properties: a) Ease of application, b) Contact with the nail surface, c) Increased concentration of drug in dissolved form within the patch, d) Presence of enhancers. The novel nail patch formulation has shown increased efficiency in topical and transungual drug delivery for treatment of OM, when compared to the commercial formulation, Penlac® nail lacquer in the in vitro studies. The physical characterization of the patch using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Polarized Light Microscopy, Optical Light Microscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, X-Ray Diffractometer and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy show that ciclopirox olamine exists at a sub-saturation level in a non-crystalline form in the patch without any significant drug-polymer interaction. In conclusion, all the objectives of the study were met by successfully selecting penetration enhancers for CPO delivery into the nail folds and across the nail plate, evaluating the interaction between CPO and target tissues, developing a transungual patch system and characterizing the novel transungual patch.
Author : Dyane E. Tower
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030508536
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)
Download or read book Evidence-Based Podiatry written by Dyane E. Tower and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-11 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical text reviews the most recent literature supporting clinical decisions regarding over a dozen common foot and ankle conditions, along with presentations of the techniques themselves, both surgical and non-surgical. The conditions are presented anatomically from forefoot to ankle, beginning with issues surrounding toenails, such as fungal infection and treatment of ingrown toenails, then proceeds to discuss the toes and toe joints, including hammertoe fixation, 2nd MPJ pathology, and Lapidus bunionectomy. Treatmentsfor arthritis of the midfoot and flatfoot follow, along with arthroscopy and arthroplasty of the ankle, surgical and non-surgical approaches for Achilles tendon ruptures, and treatments for Charcot neuroarthropathy, clubfoot and general considerations of wound care of the foot and ankle. Throughout, an emphasis is placed on the best available evidence for each treatment strategy. Evidence-Based Podiatry will be a valuable resource for podiatrists, orthopedic surgeons, and residents, fellows and trainees treating these common foot and ankle conditions.
Author : N. Zaias
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401178461
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)
Download or read book The Nail in Health and Disease written by N. Zaias and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary intent of this book is to familiarize the medical practitioner with the "nail unit" in a way which will render, correctly and more easily, the diagnosis of nail diseases. At the same time, it serves to encourage the treatment and corrective measures of the ab normalities, if possible, based on anatomical and physiological knowledge. The chapters on anatomy, regeneration, and nail formation are basic to the author's in tent. The content ofthe references quoted represents information which is proven and not controversial material. In addition, my own material not previously published is included. I would like to introduce the anatomical concept that the nail unit consists of four dif ferent epithelial structures, each with its own characteristics, yet all interrelated. These four constituents are the Proximal Nail Fold (PNF), the Matrix (M), the Nail Bed (NB) and the Hyponychium (HYP). A disease may occur in any number of or all nail unit structures. A clear understanding of the anatomy, histology, and tissue kinetics of each constituent will be necessary and is the key factor in interpreting the abnormal findings of each of these constituents as disease occurs. It follows, therefore, that treatment and Cor rective measures should include the knowledge of not only the nail but also of its relation ship to the bony phalanx and the digit.
Author : Jón Hjaltalín Ólafsson
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331939424X
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)
Download or read book Antibiotic and Antifungal Therapies in Dermatology written by Jón Hjaltalín Ólafsson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-03 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an up-to-date practical guide to the treatment of both common and unusual bacterial, fungal, and protozoal skin infections. Antibiotics and other treatment options for common skin diseases such as acne, rosacea, erysipelas, and impetigo are extensively discussed, and a thorough update is provided on therapies for fungal infections in the nails, hair, and skin. Current treatments for skin symptoms associated with sexually transmitted diseases are also explored in detail. A range of mycobacterial infections are discussed, and a further chapter considers the treatment of protozoal infections, including leishmaniasis, which are often unfamiliar to practitioners in the Western world. This handy book, with its helpful graphics and clear lists of symptoms, treatments, and practical tips, will be an ideal quick reference for the busy practitioner.
Author : S Sacchidanand
Publisher : JP Medical Ltd
ISBN 13 : 9350904608
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (59 download)
Download or read book Nail & Its Disorders written by S Sacchidanand and published by JP Medical Ltd. This book was released on 2013-05-30 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nail abnormalities are common and appearances can be difficult to diagnose with certainty. They may be a sign of an underlying internal disease or disorder so it is vital that correct diagnosis and treatment are achieved. This book is a comprehensive guide to the anatomy, infections, inflammatory disorders and tumours of the nail. Beginning with detailed discussion on nail evolution, anatomy, embryology, biochemistry, blood supply and functions, the following chapters examine numerous nail disorders in children and adults. The final chapters describe nail surgery and nail cosmetics, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of various products. The thorough text is further enhanced by numerous full colour illustrations, clinical pictures and dermatoscopic images, to assist learning. Key points Comprehensive guide to disorders of the nail Describes in detail the anatomy, embryology and functions of nail Discusses infections, inflammatory disorders and tumours in all age groups Separate chapters on nail surgery and nail cosmetics Includes more than 275 full colour illustrations, clinical pictures and dermatoscopic images
Author : Leon V. Berhardt
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781634856621
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (566 download)
Download or read book Advances in Medicine and Biology written by Leon V. Berhardt and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Adam I. Rubin
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331965649X
Total Pages : 665 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)
Download or read book Scher and Daniel's Nails written by Adam I. Rubin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-31 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thoroughly updated 4th Edition of this highly regarded text continues to provide the latest therapeutic and surgical information on nail disease and disorders. It expands and updates all areas of onychology, including the newest in diagnostic techniques for nail diseases, a segment of dermatology that not only proves more difficult than cutaneous disorders but also is an exciting and innovative area on the frontier of skin research. Scher and Daniel's Nails: Diagnosis, Surgery, Therapy provides an update of therapeutic advances to help the resident, practitioner, and related healthcare provider (podiatrist, nurse, primary care physician, and all involved in nail care). A major section is devoted to nail surgery and nail pathology, both of which have been behind compared to other aspects of dermatology. There is also extensive information on the billion dollar nail cosmetics industry, which will bring this text to the attention of all nail technicians (several hundred thousand in the US alone) as well as to cosmeticians and manufacturers.
Author : Elias J. Anaissie
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 1416056807
Total Pages : 702 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Clinical Mycology written by Elias J. Anaissie and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book of its kind to focus on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of patients with fungal infections, this definitive reference returns in a completely revised, full-color new edition. It presents specific recommendations for understanding, controlling, and preventing fungal infections based upon underlying principles of epidemiology and infection control policy, pathogenesis, immunology, histopathology, and laboratory diagnosis and antifungal therapy. More than 560 photographs, illustrations, and tables depict conditions as they appear in real life and equip you to identify clinical manifestations with accuracy. Expanded therapy content helps you implement the most appropriate treatment quickly, and a bonus CD-ROM-featuring all of the images from the text-enables you to enhance your electronic presentations. Includes specific recommendations for diagnosing, preventing, and treating fungal infections in various patient populations based upon underlying principles of epidemiology and infection control policy, pathogenesis, immunology, histopathology, and laboratory diagnosis and antifungal therapy. Covers etiologic agents of disease, fungal infections in special hosts such as pediatric patients and patients with cancer and HIV, infections of specific organ systems, and more, to make you aware of the special considerations involved in certain cases. Features clinically useful and reader-friendly practical tools-including algorithms, slides, graphs, pictorials, photographs, and radiographs-that better illustrate and communicate essential points, promote efficient use in a variety of clinical and academic settings, and facilitate slide making for lectures and presentations. Offers a CD-ROM containing all of the book's images for use in your electronic presentations. Offers more clinically relevant images-more than 300 in full color for the first time-to facilitate diagnosis. Features expanded therapy-related content, including up-to-date treatment strategies and drug selection and dosing guidelines. Includes several new sections in the chapter on fungal infections in cancer patients that reflect the formidable clinical challenges these infections continue to present. Presents the work of additional international contributors who have defined many of the key issues in the field, providing more of a global perspective on the best diagnostic and management approaches. Uses a new, full-color design to enhance readability and ease of access to information.
Author : Ian A. Trail
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1447165632
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (471 download)
Download or read book Disorders of the Hand written by Ian A. Trail and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-04 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disorders of the Hand describes the techniques for diagnosis applicable to the various disorders of the hand and how evidence based findings influence clinical practice. Treatment options including surgery are discussed in detail and clinical pearls are given in every chapter. Swelling, tumours, congenital hand defects and surgical techniques are comprehensively covered in this third of four volumes, while hand injuries, nerve compression, hand reconstruction, inflammation, arthritis and contractures are included in the book’s three sister volumes.
Author : Ryan F. Donnelly
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119959667
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (199 download)
Download or read book Microneedle-mediated Transdermal and Intradermal Drug Delivery written by Ryan F. Donnelly and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-17 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microneedles can be used for delivery of a wide range of drug substances for practically any medical condition and present a real opportunity for vaccines and medicines that are unsuitable for oral administration or conventional patch delivery. Microneedle-mediated Transdermal and Intradermal Drug Delivery covers the major aspects relating to the use of microneedle arrays in enhancing drug delivery applications. It provides an overview of the various methods employed to design and produce microneedles, from the different materials involved to the importance of application methods. It carefully and critically reviews ongoing transdermal and intradermal delivery research using microneedles and includes the outcomes of in vivo animal and human studies. Importantly, it also discusses the safety and patient acceptability studies carried out to date. Finally, the book reviews the recent patents in microneedle research and describes the ongoing developments within industry that will determine the future of microneedle-mediated transdermal and intradermal drug delivery. By an expert author team with practical experience in the design and development of drug delivery systems this is the only text that provides a comprehensive review of microneedle research in transdermal and intradermal drug delivery.
Author : Susan Ettinger
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128030348
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)
Download or read book Nutritional Pathophysiology of Obesity and its Comorbidities written by Susan Ettinger and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-09-01 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutritional Pathophysiology of Obesity and Its Comorbidities: A Case-Study Approach challenges students and practitioners to understand the role of nutrients within the pathophysiology and development of disease, specifically those diseases which develop as a result of obesity. Through a case-based approach, the author presents complex clinical scenarios that require multiple treatment strategies, including targeted diet modification as an adjuvant to medical therapy. The book is divided into 9 modules and 5 appendices each of which covers aspects of obesity and its comorbidities. Within each module, a case is detailed with relevant history, laboratory and physical data, and follow-up information. Each case is followed by a resource section which delineates current understanding of the pathophysiology of the condition, as well as the actions of nutrients and food components shown to modify these processes. A "further readings" section cites current supporting clinical and basic literature as well as published guidelines. Explores how obesity is a key player in the pathophysiology of many diseases, including diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, hypertension, and atherosclerosis Integrates current understandings of the molecular mechanisms of nutrient action on the processes of disease development and treatment Presents students and early practitioners with complex clinical scenarios through a practical case-based approach
Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128033312
Total Pages : 660 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)
Download or read book Current and Emerging Technologies for the Diagnosis of Microbial Infections written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-11-23 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current and Emerging Technologies in Microbial Diagnostics, the latest volume in the Methods in Microbiology series, provides comprehensive, cutting-edge reviews of current and emerging technologies in the field of clinical microbiology. The book features a wide variety of state-of-the art methods and techniques for the diagnosis and management of microbial infections, with chapters authored by internationally renowned experts. This volume focuses on current techniques, such as MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy and molecular diagnostics, along with newly emerging technologies such as host-based diagnostics and next generation sequencing. Written by recognized leaders and experts in the field Provides a comprehensive and cutting-edge review of current and emerging technologies in the field of clinical microbiology, including discussions of current techniques such as MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy and molecular diagnostics Includes a broad range and breadth of techniques covered Presents discussions on newly emerging technologies such as host-based diagnostics and next generation sequencing
Author : Eckart Haneke
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351729837
Total Pages : 623 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (517 download)
Download or read book Histopathology of the Nail written by Eckart Haneke and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-06-26 with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive review of the histopathology of the human nail will act as a masterclass for all dermatologists, dermatopathologists, and nail-interested pathologists who have to interpret histological sections of nail tissue, which can be challenging for many reasons. In addition to a wealth of illustrated examples, the text guides the reader through the specialized terminology of nail science and supplies clinical data to help reach a reliable histopathological diagnosis.
Author : Mahendra Rai
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0124017088
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (24 download)
Download or read book Fighting Multidrug Resistance with Herbal Extracts, Essential Oils and Their Components written by Mahendra Rai and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fighting Multidrug Resistance with Herbal Extracts, Essential Oils and their Components offers scientists a single source aimed at fighting specific multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms such as bacteria, protozoans, viruses and fungi using natural products. This essential reference discusses herbal extracts and essential oils used or under investigation to treat MDR infections, as well as those containing antimicrobial activity that could be of potential interest in future studies against MDR microorganisms. The need to combat multidrug-resistant microorganisms is an urgent one and this book provides important coverage of mechanism of action, the advantages and disadvantages of using herbal extracts, essential oils and their components and more to aid researchers in effective antimicrobial drug discovery Addresses the need to develop safe and effective approaches to coping with resistance to all classes of antimicrobial drugs Provides readers with current evidence-based content aimed at using herbal extracts and essential oils in antimicrobial drug development Includes chapters devoted to the activity of herbal products against herpes, AIDS, tuberculosis, drug-resistant cancer cells and more
Author : Nilton Di Chiacchio
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319449931
Total Pages : 163 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)
Download or read book Melanonychias written by Nilton Di Chiacchio and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-11 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to guide the dermatologist and the general physician in the differential diagnosis and treatment of melanonychias. Melanonychia is a longitudinal pigmentation of the nail and it is considering a common presenting problem in general dermatology. The differential diagnosis varies from subungual hematoma to a fungal infection to a melanocytic lesion (hypermelanosis, lentigo, nevus, and melanoma) among others. Melanonychia may also indicate an early stage of nail melanoma, and its diagnosis remains a challenge among dermatologist. A recent publication on Dermatologists accuracy in early diagnosis of melanoma of the nail matrix showed that in situ melanoma of the nail matrix is very difficult for dermatologists to diagnose, regardless of the level of their experience. On Melanonychias the reader will find a complete discussion about all the most important topics on this condition, since its basic aspects (such as nail anatomy and epidemiology) until applied topics (including clinical features, nail biopsy and treatment).
Author : C. Alexiou
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 380559819X
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (55 download)
Download or read book Nanomedicine - Basic and Clinical Applications in Diagnostics and Therapy written by C. Alexiou and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2011-10-06 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomedicine - the application of nanotechnology to human health - is a promising field of research at the interface of physical, chemical, biological, and medical science. Recent advances have made it possible to analyze biological systems at cellular and subcellular levels, offering numerous promising approaches to improve medical diagnosis and therapy. It is expected that nanomedicine will have a great impact especially on drug delivery and imaging. In this context, the development of targeted, highly specific nanoparticles is of pivotal importance. The results of these advances will offer personalized diagnostic tools and treatments in the future. Based on the 2nd Else Kröner-Fresenius-Symposium, this book presents a broad spectrum of topics ranging from nanoscale drug delivery/drug design to nanotoxicity and from diagnostics and imaging to therapeutic applications including antibody therapies. The contributions are authored by leading experts in the field and provide an excellent overview of the current knowledge in nanomedicine. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of the subject area this volume will be of special interest to physicians, biologists, chemists, engineers, and physicists as well as to students in the respective fields.
