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Author : Cristian Mitrescu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (528 download)
Download or read book On the Properties of Cirrus Clouds Over the Tropical West Pacific written by Cristian Mitrescu and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Cristian Mitrescu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (512 download)
Download or read book On the Properties of Cirrus Clouds of the Tropical West Pacific written by Cristian Mitrescu and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 : 9781729223628
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (236 download)
Download or read book Optically Thin Cirrus Clouds Over Oceans and Possible Impact on Sea Surface Temperature of Warm Pool in Western Pacific written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-10-25 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the convectively active tropical ocean regions, the measurement made from space in the IR and visible spectrum have revealed the presence of optically thin cirrus clouds, which are quite transparent in the visible and nearly opaque in the IR. The Nimbus-4 IR Interferometer Spectrometer (IRIS), which has a field of view (FOV) of approximately 100 km, was utilized to examine the IR optical characteristics of these cirrus clouds. From the IRIS data, it was observed that these optically thin cirrus clouds prevail extensively over the warm pool region of the equatorial western Pacific, surrounding Indonesia. It is found that the seasonal cloud cover caused by these thin cirrus clouds exceeds 50 percent near the central regions of the warm pool. For most of these clouds, the optical thickness in the IR is less than or = 2. It is deduced that the dense cold anvil clouds associated with deep convection spread extensively and are responsible for the formation of the thin cirrus clouds. This is supported by the observation that the coverage of the dense anvil clouds is an order of magnitude less than that of the thin cirrus clouds. From these observations, together with a simple radiative-convective model, it is inferred that the optically thin cirrus can provide a greenhouse effect, which can be a significant factor in maintaining the warm pool. In the absence of fluid transports, it is found that these cirrus clouds could lead to a runaway greenhouse effect. The presence of fluid transport processes, however, act to moderate this effect. Thus, if a modest 20 W/sq m energy input is considered to be available to warm the ocean, then it is found that the ocean mixed-layer of a 50-m depth will be heated by approximately 1 C in 100 days. Prabhakara, C. and Yoo, J.-M. and Dalu, G. and Kratz, P. Goddard Space Flight Center ...
Author : Kristin A. Laribee Dowd
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (563 download)
Download or read book The Properties of Clouds in the Tropical Western Pacific as Observed by Radar in Objectively Defined Cloudiness Regimes written by Kristin A. Laribee Dowd and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hsiao-hua K. Burke
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Thin Cirrus Cloud Over the Tropical Pacific written by Hsiao-hua K. Burke and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes a theoretical study of the detectability of high altitude (>10 km) thin cirrus clouds by various remote sensors over the tropical Pacific. The remote sensors considered include: (1) visual detection from the surface, (2) visual detection from an aircraft, and (3) infrared sensor (6.7 micrometers) from space. The radiative transfer technique to compute the atmospheric radiance (intensity) is summarized. The optical properties of ice crystals are presented. The results indicate that the minimum detectable concentration of ice crystals having a dimension greater than 80 micrometers, the critical size which will be hazardous to the RV transition, is around 2 x 10(4) m( -3) for visual detection from the surface and 3-4 x 10(3) m( -3) for both aircraft observation and infrared sensors from space. (Author).
Author : David K. Lynch
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195351398
Total Pages : 499 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)
Download or read book Cirrus written by David K. Lynch and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2002-01-24 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cirrus clouds are high, thin, tropospheric clouds composed predominately of ice. In the last ten years, considerable work has shown that cirrus is widespread--more common than previously believed--and has a significant impact on climate and global change. As the next generation weather satellites are being designed, the impact of cirrus on remote sensing and the global energy budget must be recognized and accommodated. This book, the first to be devoted entirely to cirrus clouds, captures the state of knowledge of cirrus and serves as a practical handbook as well. Each chapter is based on an invited review talk presented at Cirrus, a meeting hosted by the Optical Society of America and co-sponsored by the American Geophysical Union and the American Meteorological Society. All aspects of cirrus clouds are covered, an approach that reaches into diverse fields. Topics include: the definition of cirrus, cirrus climatologies, nucleation, evolution and dissipation, mixed-phase thermodynamics, crystallinity, orientation mechanisms, dynamics, scattering, radiative transfer, in situ sampling, processes that produce or influence cirrus (and vice versa), contrails, and the influence of cirrus on climate.
Author : William R. Cotton
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080916651
Total Pages : 826 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Storm and Cloud Dynamics written by William R. Cotton and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-12-21 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Storm and Cloud Dynamics focuses on the dynamics of clouds and of precipitating mesoscale meteorological systems. Clouds and precipitating mesoscale systems represent some of the most important and scientifically exciting weather systems in the world. These are the systems that produce torrential rains, severe winds including downburst and tornadoes, hail, thunder and lightning, and major snow storms. Forecasting such storms represents a major challenge since they are too small to be adequately resolved by conventional observing networks and numerical prediction models. - Provides a complete treatment of clouds integrating the analysis of air motions with cloud structure, microphysics, and precipitation mechanics - Describes and explains the basic types of clouds and cloud systems that occur in the atmosphere-fog, stratus, stratocumulus, altocumulus, altostratus, cirrus, thunderstorms, tornadoes, waterspouts, orographically induced clouds, mesoscale convection complexes, hurricanes, fronts, and extratropical cyclones - Summarizes the fundamentals, both observational and theoretical, of atmospheric dynamics, thermodynamics, cloud microphysics, and radar meteorology, allowing each type of cloud to be examined in depth - Integrates the latest field observations, numerical model simulations, and theory - Supplies a theoretical treatment suitable for the advanced undergraduate or graduate level, as well as post-graduate
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Optically Thin Cirrus Clouds Over Oceans and Possible Impact on Sea Surface Temperature of Warm Pool in Western Pacific written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (574 download)
Download or read book Distribution and Radiative Forcing of Tropical Thin Cirrus Clouds written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand the radiative impact of tropical thin cirrus clouds, the frequency of occurrence and optical depths of these clouds have been derived. "Thin" cirrus clouds are defined here as being those that are not detected by the operational Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud mask, corresponding to an optical depth value of approximately 0.3 or smaller, but that are detectable in terms of the cirrus reflectance product based on the MODIS 1.375-micron channel. With such a definition, thin cirrus clouds were present in more than 40% of the pixels flagged as "clear sky" by the operational MODIS cloud mask algorithm. It is shown that these thin cirrus clouds are frequently observed in deep convective regions in the western Pacific. Thin cirrus optical depths were derived from the cirrus reflectance product. Regions of significant cloud fraction and large optical depths were observed in the Northern Hemisphere during the boreal spring and summer and moved southward during the boreal autumn and winter. The radiative effects of tropical thin cirrus clouds were studied on the basis of the retrieved cirrus optical depths, the atmospheric profiles derived from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) observations, and a radiative transfer model in conjunction with a parameterization of ice cloud spectral optical properties. To understand how these clouds regulate the radiation field in the atmosphere, the instantaneous net fluxes at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and at the surface were calculated. The present study shows positive and negative net forcings at the TOA and at the surface, respectively. The positive (negative) net forcing at the TOA (surface) is due to the dominance of longwave (shortwave) forcing. Both the TOA and surface forcings are in a range of 0-20 W/sq m, depending on the optical depths of thin cirrus clouds.
Author : David K. Lynch
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0195130723
Total Pages : 499 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)
Download or read book Cirrus written by David K. Lynch and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2002 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text, devoted entirely to cirrus clouds, captures the state of knowledge of cirrus clouds and serves as a practical handbook as well.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Proceedings of the Fourth Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (713 download)
Download or read book The Properties of Convective Clouds Over the Western Pacific and Their Relationship to the Environment of Tropical Cyclones written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The long-term goal of the proposed work is to advance our understanding of the relationship between large-scale and mesoscale environmental conditions and small but powerful convective events during tropical cyclone (TC) development and intensity changes. Our ultimate goal is to identify the necessary conditions that determine the formation and evolution of a TC.
Author : Tao Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Analysis of the Tropical Tropopause Layer Cirrus in Calipso and Mls Data - a Water Perspective written by Tao Wang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two mechanisms appear to be primarily responsible for the formation of cirrus clouds in Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL): detrainment from deep convective anvils and in situ initiation. Here we propose to identify TTL cirrus clouds by analyzing water content measurements from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) and Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). Using ice water content (IWC) and water vapor (H2O) abundances we identify TTL cirrus clouds that contain too much ice to have been formed in situ -- and therefore must be of convective origin. We use two methods to infer amounts of water vapor available for in situ formation. Clouds with IWC greater than this threshold are categorized as being of convective origin; clouds with IWC below the threshold are ambiguous -- they could either form from in situ or still be of convective origin. Applying the thresholds from December 2008 to November 2009, we found that at least 19.2% of tropical cirrus were definitively of convective origin at the tropopause (375 K) during boreal winter. At each level, we found three maxima in the occurrence of convective cirrus: western Pacific, equatorial Africa, and South America. Averaged over the entire tropics (30oS to 30oN), we found convective cirrus occurs more frequently in boreal winter and less frequently in boreal summer, basically following the a decreasing trend from DJF, MAM, SON, to JJA. During boreal summer, we found that only 4.6% of tropical cirrus come from convection. Sensitivity tests show that the thresholds derived at 390 K have the largest uncertainty. At lower levels, especially 375 K, our thresholds are robust.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book EOS Science Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1092 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2012: Dept. of Energy FY 2012 justifications (cont.) written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 1092 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1464963398
Total Pages : 4306 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (649 download)
Download or read book Issues in Earth Sciences, Geology, and Geophysics: 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 4306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Earth Sciences, Geology, and Geophysics: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Earth Sciences, Geology, and Geophysics. The editors have built Issues in Earth Sciences, Geology, and Geophysics: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Earth Sciences, Geology, and Geophysics in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Earth Sciences, Geology, and Geophysics: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Author : William B Rossow
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9811256926
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (112 download)
Download or read book Studies Of Cloud, Convection And Precipitation Processes Using Satellite Observations written by William B Rossow and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2022-10-26 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clouds, convection and precipitation processes are central components of Earth's weather and climate. They are produced by atmospheric motions across a very wide range of space-time scales from local weather to long-term global climate variation. They feedback on these motions by perturbing the heating/cooling that drive the atmospheric circulation. These processes also perturb the oceanic circulation and land surface properties that affect the atmospheric circulation.Because of the coupling of the atmosphere-ocean-land system across all scales by cloud, convection and precipitation processes, studying their behaviors requires measurements in space-time variations across all these scales simultaneously. Satellite constellations with global coverage and high time resolution offer the ideal platforms for such observations. This book summarizes some of the latest research using combinations of various satellite observations to study these processes and to evaluate their representations in global weather and climate models.Included with this publication are downloadable electronic slides and accompanying notes of each lecture for students, teachers, and public speakers around the world to be better able to understand cloud, convection and precipitation processes.
