On The Measurement Of Segregation

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Segregation by Design

Author : Jessica Trounstine
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108637086
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis Segregation by Design by : Jessica Trounstine

Download or read book Segregation by Design written by Jessica Trounstine and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Segregation by Design draws on more than 100 years of quantitative and qualitative data from thousands of American cities to explore how local governments generate race and class segregation. Starting in the early twentieth century, cities have used their power of land use control to determine the location and availability of housing, amenities (such as parks), and negative land uses (such as garbage dumps). The result has been segregation - first within cities and more recently between them. Documenting changing patterns of segregation and their political mechanisms, Trounstine argues that city governments have pursued these policies to enhance the wealth and resources of white property owners at the expense of people of color and the poor. Contrary to leading theories of urban politics, local democracy has not functioned to represent all residents. The result is unequal access to fundamental local services - from schools, to safe neighborhoods, to clean water.

American Apartheid

Author : Douglas S. Massey
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674018211
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (182 download)

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Book Synopsis American Apartheid by : Douglas S. Massey

Download or read book American Apartheid written by Douglas S. Massey and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This powerful and disturbing book clearly links persistent poverty among blacks in the United States to the unparalleled degree of deliberate segregation they experience in American cities. American Apartheid shows how the black ghetto was created by whites during the first half of the twentieth century in order to isolate growing urban black populations. It goes on to show that, despite the Fair Housing Act of 1968, segregation is perpetuated today through an interlocking set of individual actions, institutional practices, and governmental policies. In some urban areas the degree of black segregation is so intense and occurs in so many dimensions simultaneously that it amounts to "hypersegregation." The authors demonstrate that this systematic segregation of African Americans leads inexorably to the creation of underclass communities during periods of economic downturn. Under conditions of extreme segregation, any increase in the overall rate of black poverty yields a marked increase in the geographic concentration of indigence and the deterioration of social and economic conditions in black communities. As ghetto residents adapt to this increasingly harsh environment under a climate of racial isolation, they evolve attitudes, behaviors, and practices that further marginalize their neighborhoods and undermine their chances of success in mainstream American society. This book is a sober challenge to those who argue that race is of declining significance in the United States today.

Urban Socio-Economic Segregation and Income Inequality

Author : Maarten van Ham
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303064569X
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Urban Socio-Economic Segregation and Income Inequality by : Maarten van Ham

Download or read book Urban Socio-Economic Segregation and Income Inequality written by Maarten van Ham and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-29 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book investigates the link between income inequality and socio-economic residential segregation in 24 large urban regions in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. It offers a unique global overview of segregation trends based on case studies by local author teams. The book shows important global trends in segregation, and proposes a Global Segregation Thesis. Rising inequalities lead to rising levels of socio-economic segregation almost everywhere in the world. Levels of inequality and segregation are higher in cities in lower income countries, but the growth in inequality and segregation is faster in cities in high-income countries. This is causing convergence of segregation trends. Professionalisation of the workforce is leading to changing residential patterns. High-income workers are moving to city centres or to attractive coastal areas and gated communities, while poverty is increasingly suburbanising. As a result, the urban geography of inequality changes faster and is more pronounced than changes in segregation levels. Rising levels of inequality and segregation pose huge challenges for the future social sustainability of cities, as cities are no longer places of opportunities for all.

Handbook of Urban Segregation

Author : Sako Musterd
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1788115600
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (881 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Urban Segregation by : Sako Musterd

Download or read book Handbook of Urban Segregation written by Sako Musterd and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2020-03-28 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Urban Segregation scrutinises key debates on spatial inequality in cities across the globe. It engages with multiple domains, including residential places, public spaces and the field of education. In addition it tackles crucial group-dimensions across race, class and culture as well as age groups, the urban rich, middle class, and gentrified households. This timely Handbook provides a key contribution to understanding what urban segregation is about, why it has developed, what its consequences are and how it is measured, conceptualised and framed.

New Methods for Measuring and Analyzing Segregation

Author : Mark Fossett
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331941304X
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis New Methods for Measuring and Analyzing Segregation by : Mark Fossett

Download or read book New Methods for Measuring and Analyzing Segregation written by Mark Fossett and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license. This book introduces new methods for measuring and analyzing residential segregation. It begins by placing all popular segregation indices in the “difference of group means” framework wherein index scores can be obtained as simple differences of group means on individual-level residential attainments scored from area racial composition. Drawing on the insight that in this framework index scores are additively determined by individual residential attainments, the book shows that the level of segregation in a given city can be equated to the effect of group membership (e.g., race) on individual residential attainments. This unifies separate research traditions in the field by joining the analysis of segregation at the aggregate level with the analysis of residential attainments for individuals. Next it shows how segregation analysis can be extended by using multivariate attainment models to assess the impact of group membership (i.e., the level of segregation for a city) while including controls for other relevant individual characteristics (e.g., income, education, language, nativity, etc.). It then illustrates how one can use these models to quantitatively assess the extent to which segregation traces to impacts of group membership on residential attainments versus other factors such as group differences in income. The book then shows how micro-level attainment models can be used to study macro-level variation in segregation; specifically, by estimating multi-level models of individual residential attainments to assess how the effect of group membership (i.e., segregation index scores) vary with city characteristics. Finally, the book introduces refined versions of popular indices that are free of the vexing problem of upward bias. This improves the quality of segregation measurement directly at the level of individual cases and expanding the number of cases that can be safely included in empirical studies.

The Impacts of Racism and Bias on Black People Pursuing Careers in Science, Engineering, and Medicine

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309679540
Total Pages : 107 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis The Impacts of Racism and Bias on Black People Pursuing Careers in Science, Engineering, and Medicine by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book The Impacts of Racism and Bias on Black People Pursuing Careers in Science, Engineering, and Medicine written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-12-18 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the changing demographics of the nation and a growing appreciation for diversity and inclusion as drivers of excellence in science, engineering, and medicine, Black Americans are severely underrepresented in these fields. Racism and bias are significant reasons for this disparity, with detrimental implications on individuals, health care organizations, and the nation as a whole. The Roundtable on Black Men and Black Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine was launched at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in 2019 to identify key levers, drivers, and disruptors in government, industry, health care, and higher education where actions can have the most impact on increasing the participation of Black men and Black women in science, medicine, and engineering. On April 16, 2020, the Roundtable convened a workshop to explore the context for their work; to surface key issues and questions that the Roundtable should address in its initial phase; and to reach key stakeholders and constituents. This proceedings provides a record of the workshop.

Cycle of Segregation

Author : Maria Krysan
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610448693
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Cycle of Segregation by : Maria Krysan

Download or read book Cycle of Segregation written by Maria Krysan and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2017-12-13 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fair Housing Act of 1968 outlawed housing discrimination by race and provided an important tool for dismantling legal segregation. But almost fifty years later, residential segregation remains virtually unchanged in many metropolitan areas, particularly where large groups of racial and ethnic minorities live. Why does segregation persist at such high rates and what makes it so difficult to combat? In Cycle of Segregation, sociologists Maria Krysan and Kyle Crowder examine how everyday social processes shape residential stratification. Past neighborhood experiences, social networks, and daily activities all affect the mobility patterns of different racial groups in ways that have cemented segregation as a self-perpetuating cycle in the twenty-first century. Through original analyses of national-level surveys and in-depth interviews with residents of Chicago, Krysan and Crowder find that residential stratification is reinforced through the biases and blind spots that individuals exhibit in their searches for housing. People rely heavily on information from friends, family, and coworkers when choosing where to live. Because these social networks tend to be racially homogenous, people are likely to receive information primarily from members of their own racial group and move to neighborhoods that are also dominated by their group. Similarly, home-seekers who report wanting to stay close to family members can end up in segregated destinations because their relatives live in those neighborhoods. The authors suggest that even absent of family ties, people gravitate toward neighborhoods that are familiar to them through their past experiences, including where they have previously lived, and where they work, shop, and spend time. Because historical segregation has shaped so many of these experiences, even these seemingly race-neutral decisions help reinforce the cycle of residential stratification. As a result, segregation has declined much more slowly than many social scientists have expected. To overcome this cycle, Krysan and Crowder advocate multi-level policy solutions that pair inclusionary zoning and affordable housing with education and public relations campaigns that emphasize neighborhood diversity and high-opportunity areas. They argue that together, such programs can expand the number of destinations available to low-income residents and help offset the negative images many people hold about certain neighborhoods or help introduce them to places they had never considered. Cycle of Segregation demonstrates why a nuanced understanding of everyday social processes is critical for interrupting entrenched patterns of residential segregation.

Segregation

Author : James H. Carr
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135889791
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (358 download)

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Book Synopsis Segregation by : James H. Carr

Download or read book Segregation written by James H. Carr and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-04-18 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new imperative for equality / James H. Carr and Nandinee K. Kutty -- Origins of economic disparities : historical role of housing segregation / Douglas S. Massey -- From credit denial to predatory lending : the challenge of sustaining minority homeownership / Kathleen C. Engel and Patricia A. McCoy -- Housing and education : the inextricable link / Deborah McKoy and Jeffrey M. Vincent -- Residential segregation and employment inequality / Margery Austin Turner -- Impacts of housing and neighborhoods on health : pathways, racial/ethnic disparities, and policy directions / Dolores Acevedo-Garcia and Theresa L. Osypuk -- Neighborhood segregation, personal networks, and access to social resources / Rachel Garshick Kleit -- Continuing isolation : segregation in America today / Ingrid Gould Ellen -- Trends in the U.S. economy : the evolving role of minorities / Dean Baker and Heather Boushey -- The prospects and pitfalls of fair housing enforcement efforts / Gregory D. Squires -- Attaining a just (and economically secure) society / James H. Carr and Nandinee K. Kutty.

White Space, Black Hood

Author : Sheryll Cashin
Publisher : Beacon Press
ISBN 13 : 080700037X
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis White Space, Black Hood by : Sheryll Cashin

Download or read book White Space, Black Hood written by Sheryll Cashin and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 2021-09-14 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A 2021 C. Wright Mills Award Finalist Shows how government created “ghettos” and affluent white space and entrenched a system of American residential caste that is the linchpin of US inequality—and issues a call for abolition. The iconic Black hood, like slavery and Jim Crow, is a peculiar American institution animated by the ideology of white supremacy. Politicians and people of all colors propagated “ghetto” myths to justify racist policies that concentrated poverty in the hood and created high-opportunity white spaces. In White Space, Black Hood, Sheryll Cashin traces the history of anti-Black residential caste—boundary maintenance, opportunity hoarding, and stereotype-driven surveillance—and unpacks its current legacy so we can begin the work to dismantle the structures and policies that undermine Black lives. Drawing on nearly 2 decades of research in cities including Baltimore, St. Louis, Chicago, New York, and Cleveland, Cashin traces the processes of residential caste as it relates to housing, policing, schools, and transportation. She contends that geography is now central to American caste. Poverty-free havens and poverty-dense hoods would not exist if the state had not designed, constructed, and maintained this physical racial order. Cashin calls for abolition of these state-sanctioned processes. The ultimate goal is to change the lens through which society sees residents of poor Black neighborhoods from presumed thug to presumed citizen, and to transform the relationship of the state with these neighborhoods from punitive to caring. She calls for investment in a new infrastructure of opportunity in poor Black neighborhoods, including richly resourced schools and neighborhood centers, public transit, Peacemaker Fellowships, universal basic incomes, housing choice vouchers for residents, and mandatory inclusive housing elsewhere. Deeply researched and sharply written, White Space, Black Hood is a call to action for repairing what white supremacy still breaks. Includes historical photos, maps, and charts that illuminate the history of residential segregation as an institution and a tactic of racial oppression.

Segregation and Mistrust

Author : Eric M. Uslaner
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139788523
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (397 download)

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Book Synopsis Segregation and Mistrust by : Eric M. Uslaner

Download or read book Segregation and Mistrust written by Eric M. Uslaner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-09-17 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Generalized trust – faith in people you do not know who are likely to be different from you – is a value that leads to many positive outcomes for a society. Yet some scholars now argue that trust is lower when we are surrounded by people who are different from us. Eric M. Uslaner challenges this view and argues that residential segregation, rather than diversity, leads to lower levels of trust. Integrated and diverse neighborhoods will lead to higher levels of trust, but only if people also have diverse social networks. Professor Uslaner examines the theoretical and measurement differences between segregation and diversity and summarizes results on how integrated neighborhoods with diverse social networks increase trust in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Sweden and Australia. He also shows how different immigration and integration policies toward minorities shape both social ties and trust.

Moving toward Integration

Author : Richard H. Sander
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674919874
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis Moving toward Integration by : Richard H. Sander

Download or read book Moving toward Integration written by Richard H. Sander and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-07 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reducing residential segregation is the best way to reduce racial inequality in the United States. African American employment rates, earnings, test scores, even longevity all improve sharply as residential integration increases. Yet far too many participants in our policy and political conversations have come to believe that the battle to integrate America’s cities cannot be won. Richard Sander, Yana Kucheva, and Jonathan Zasloff write that the pessimism surrounding desegregation in housing arises from an inadequate understanding of how segregation has evolved and how policy interventions have already set many metropolitan areas on the path to integration. Scholars have debated for decades whether America’s fair housing laws are effective. Moving toward Integration provides the most definitive account to date of how those laws were shaped and implemented and why they had a much larger impact in some parts of the country than others. It uses fresh evidence and better analytic tools to show when factors like exclusionary zoning and income differences between blacks and whites pose substantial obstacles to broad integration, and when they do not. Through its interdisciplinary approach and use of rich new data sources, Moving toward Integration offers the first comprehensive analysis of American housing segregation. It explains why racial segregation has been resilient even in an increasingly diverse and tolerant society, and it demonstrates how public policy can align with demographic trends to achieve broad housing integration within a generation.

Ethnic Segregation in Cities

Author : Ceri Peach
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 9780709920120
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (21 download)

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Book Synopsis Ethnic Segregation in Cities by : Ceri Peach

Download or read book Ethnic Segregation in Cities written by Ceri Peach and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1981-01-01 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Measuring Racial Discrimination

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309091268
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Measuring Racial Discrimination by : National Research Council

Download or read book Measuring Racial Discrimination written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-07-24 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many racial and ethnic groups in the United States, including blacks, Hispanics, Asians, American Indians, and others, have historically faced severe discriminationâ€"pervasive and open denial of civil, social, political, educational, and economic opportunities. Today, large differences among racial and ethnic groups continue to exist in employment, income and wealth, housing, education, criminal justice, health, and other areas. While many factors may contribute to such differences, their size and extent suggest that various forms of discriminatory treatment persist in U.S. society and serve to undercut the achievement of equal opportunity. Measuring Racial Discrimination considers the definition of race and racial discrimination, reviews the existing techniques used to measure racial discrimination, and identifies new tools and areas for future research. The book conducts a thorough evaluation of current methodologies for a wide range of circumstances in which racial discrimination may occur, and makes recommendations on how to better assess the presence and effects of discrimination.

Sexual Segregation in Vertebrates

Author : Kathreen Ruckstuhl
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521835220
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (352 download)

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Book Synopsis Sexual Segregation in Vertebrates by : Kathreen Ruckstuhl

Download or read book Sexual Segregation in Vertebrates written by Kathreen Ruckstuhl and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Males and females of many species can, and do, live separately for long periods of time. This sexual segregation is widespread and can be on social, spatial or habitat scales. An understanding of sexual segregation is important in the explanation of life history and social preference, population dynamics and the conservation of rare species. Sexual Segregation in Vertebrates explores the reasons why this behaviour has evolved and what factors contribute to it.

Urban Inequality and Segregation in Europe and China

Author : Gwilym Pryce
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030745449
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Urban Inequality and Segregation in Europe and China by : Gwilym Pryce

Download or read book Urban Inequality and Segregation in Europe and China written by Gwilym Pryce and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-16 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book explores new research directions in social inequality and urban segregation. With the goal of fostering an ongoing dialogue between scholars in Europe and China, it brings together an impressive team of international researchers to shed light on the entwined processes of inequality and segregation, and the implications for urban development. Through a rich collection of empirical studies at the city, regional and national levels, the book explores the impact of migration on cities, the related problems of social and spatial segregation, and the ramifications for policy reform. While the literature on both segregation and inequality has traditionally been dominated by European and North American studies, there is growing interest in these issues in the Chinese context. Economic liberalization, rapid industrial restructuring, the enormous growth of cities, and internal migration, have all reshaped the country profoundly. What have we learned from the European and North American experience of segregation and inequality, and what insights can be gleaned to inform the bourgeoning interest in these issues in the Chinese context? How is China different, both in terms of the nature and the consequences of segregation inequality, and what are the implications for future research and policy? Given the continued rise of China’s significance in the world, and its recent declaration of war on poverty, this book offers a timely contribution to scholarship, identifying the core insights to be learned from existing research, and providing important guidance on future directions for policy makers and researchers.

The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty

Author : David Brady
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199914052
Total Pages : 937 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty by : David Brady

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty written by David Brady and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 937 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty builds a common scholarly ground in the study of poverty by bringing together an international, inter-disciplinary group of scholars to provide their perspectives on the issue. Contributors engage in discussions about the leading theories and conceptual debates regarding poverty, the most salient topics in poverty research, and the far-reaching consequences of poverty on the individual and societal level.

Diversity Explosion

Author : William H. Frey
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815732856
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

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Book Synopsis Diversity Explosion by : William H. Frey

Download or read book Diversity Explosion written by William H. Frey and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2018-07-24 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Greater racial diversity is good news for America's future Race is once again a contentious topic in America, as shown by the divisive rise of Donald Trump and the activism of groups like Black Lives Matter. Yet Diversity Explosion argues that the current period of profound racial change will lead to a less-divided nation than today's older whites or younger minorities fear. Prominent demographer William Frey sees America's emerging diversity boom as good news for a country that would otherwise face declining growth and rapid aging for many years to come. In the new edition of this popular Brookings Press offering, Frey draws from the lessons of the 2016 presidential election and new statistics to paint an illuminating picture of where America's racial demography is headed—and what that means for the nation's future. Using the U.S. Census, national surveys, and related sources, Frey tells how the rapidly growing "new minorities"—Hispanics, Asians, and multiracial Americans—along with blacks and other groups, are transforming and reinvigorating the nation's demographic landscape. He discusses their impact on generational change, regional shifts of major racial groups, neighborhood segregation, interracial marriage, and presidential politics. Diversity Explosion is an accessible, richly illustrated overview of how unprecedented racial change is remaking the United States once again. It is an essential guide for political strategists, marketers, investors, educators, policymakers, and anyone who wants to understand the magnitude, potential, and promise of the new national melting pot in the twenty-first century.