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On Optimal Population Paths
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Book Synopsis On Optimal Population Paths by : J.S. Lane
Download or read book On Optimal Population Paths written by J.S. Lane and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall purpose of this monograph is to integrate and critically evaluate the existing literature in the area of optimal joint savings population programs. The existing diverse presentations are all seen to be discussions within a unified framework. The central problem is to compare the desirability of alternative inter-temporal sequences of total savings and population sizes. Of critical importance is whether one regards persons as the fundamental moral entities or whether one takes Sidgwick's viewpoint that something good being the result of one's action is the baSic reason for dOing anything. The latter viewpoint is consistent with defining a complete social preference ordering over these alternative sequences. Since part of one's interest is to evaluate the consequences of various ethical beliefs a com parative study of several such orderings is presented; in particular the Mill-Wolfe average utilitarian, and Sidgwick-Meade classical utilitarian) formulations. A possible problem with the social preference ordering approach is that the ordering may indicate the desirability of increasing the population size, if this increases the total amount of good, even though people may receive less than the welfare subsistence level of consumption. However, there are other ways of evaluating actions and, if persons are the fundamental moral entities, then perhaps these actions should be evaluated by their implications for the rights of individuals i. e. people Who are currently alive, people who one can predict will exist in the future (e. g.
Book Synopsis Economic Theory of Optimal Population by : Klaus F. Zimmermann
Download or read book Economic Theory of Optimal Population written by Klaus F. Zimmermann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The notion of optimum population has attracted the attention of economists ever since economics was made a science. Roots can be traced back to ancient Greece. The topic has recently found rising interest among population economists and demographers. The economic concept of optimum population seeks to define the population size, which maximizes a welfare criterion of the society. The purpose of this book is to outline this concept from a micro and macro perspective and to link it with issues of technical progress, social security, limited resources and migration. It treats fertility endogenously and studies its welfare and policy implications. The emphasis is on a rigorous theoretical treatment of the subject using the modern growth and welfare theory as well as the new classical micro model of the family.
Book Synopsis The Demographic Dividend by : David Bloom
Download or read book The Demographic Dividend written by David Bloom and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2003-02-13 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is long-standing debate on how population growth affects national economies. A new report from Population Matters examines the history of this debate and synthesizes current research on the topic. The authors, led by Harvard economist David Bloom, conclude that population age structure, more than size or growth per se, affects economic development, and that reducing high fertility can create opportunities for economic growth if the right kinds of educational, health, and labor-market policies are in place. The report also examines specific regions of the world and how their differing policy environments have affected the relationship between population change and economic development.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309452961 Total Pages :583 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Book Synopsis Time and the Generations by : Partha Dasgupta
Download or read book Time and the Generations written by Partha Dasgupta and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-25 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How should we evaluate the ethics of procreation, especially the environmental consequences of reproductive decisions on future generations, in a resource-constrained world? While demographers, moral philosophers, and environmental scientists have separately discussed the implications of population size for sustainability, no one has attempted to synthesize the concerns and values of these approaches. The culmination of a half century of engagement with population ethics, Partha Dasgupta’s masterful Time and the Generations blends economics, philosophy, and ecology to offer an original lens on the difficult topic of optimum global population. After offering careful attention to global inequality and the imbalance of power between men and women, Dasgupta provides tentative answers to two fundamental questions: What level of economic activity can our planet support over the long run, and what does the answer say about optimum population numbers? He develops a population ethics that can be used to evaluate our choices and guide our sense of a sustainable global population and living standards. Structured around a central essay from Dasgupta, the book also features a foreword from Robert Solow; correspondence with Kenneth Arrow; incisive commentaries from Joseph Stiglitz, Eric Maskin, and Scott Barrett; an extended response by the author to them; and a joint paper with Aisha Dasgupta on inequalities in reproductive decisions and the idea of reproductive rights. Taken together, Time and the Generations represents a fascinating dialogue between world-renowned economists on a central issue of our time.
Book Synopsis The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-02-01 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The anthrax incidents following the 9/11 terrorist attacks put the spotlight on the nation's public health agencies, placing it under an unprecedented scrutiny that added new dimensions to the complex issues considered in this report. The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century reaffirms the vision of Healthy People 2010, and outlines a systems approach to assuring the nation's health in practice, research, and policy. This approach focuses on joining the unique resources and perspectives of diverse sectors and entities and challenges these groups to work in a concerted, strategic way to promote and protect the public's health. Focusing on diverse partnerships as the framework for public health, the book discusses: The need for a shift from an individual to a population-based approach in practice, research, policy, and community engagement. The status of the governmental public health infrastructure and what needs to be improved, including its interface with the health care delivery system. The roles nongovernment actors, such as academia, business, local communities and the media can play in creating a healthy nation. Providing an accessible analysis, this book will be important to public health policy-makers and practitioners, business and community leaders, health advocates, educators and journalists.
Book Synopsis Comparative Development Studies by : Masudul Alam Choudhury
Download or read book Comparative Development Studies written by Masudul Alam Choudhury and published by Springer. This book was released on 1993-06-18 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of ethico-economic theorizing on socio-economic development, this book examines critically the views currently held by theoreticians' comprehensive concept of the world view in development theory, then reconsiders various global issues, both in theoretical and applied perspectives.
Book Synopsis Population and Political Theory by : James S. Fishkin
Download or read book Population and Political Theory written by James S. Fishkin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-03-08 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of the acclaimed Politics and Society series, Population and Political Theory brings together leading thinkers in the fields of philosophy, political science, economics, and social policy to address issues at the convergence of population policy and political theory. Offers a single-volume, systematic overview of philosophical issues relating to population Represents a unique merging of discussions of population policy with political theory Broad in scope, the diverse discussions will appeal to political philosophers, population specialists, and public policy makers
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Population Ethics by : Gustaf Arrhenius
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Population Ethics written by Gustaf Arrhenius and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-08 with total page 649 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'The Oxford Handbook of Population Ethics' presents up-to-date theoretical analyses of various problems associated with the moral standing of future people and animals in current decision-making. The essays in this handbook shed light on the value of population change and the nature of our obligations to future generations. It brings together world-leading philosophers to introduce readers to some of the paradoxes of population ethics, challenge some fundamental assumptions that may be taken for granted in debates concerning the value of population change, and apply these problems and assumptions to real-world decisions.--
Book Synopsis On Optimal Population Paths by : John S. Lane
Download or read book On Optimal Population Paths written by John S. Lane and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chemicals from Microalgae by : Zvi Cohen
Download or read book Chemicals from Microalgae written by Zvi Cohen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-09-11 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production of chemicals from microalgae is becoming a significant area of biological research. Chemicals from Microalgae seeks to cover the various aspects that relate to the use of microalgae as a source of chemicals. The chapters discuss the occurrence and physiological role of these chemicals and concentrates on the methods aimed at enhancin
Book Synopsis The Cowles Commission in Chicago, 1939–1955 by : Clifford Hildreth
Download or read book The Cowles Commission in Chicago, 1939–1955 written by Clifford Hildreth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author is indebted to the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and to the Graduate School of the University of Minnesota for financial aid. This permitted visits with quite a few old Cowlespeople, reproduction of documents, and some reduction in teaching commitments. The many who responded with information and suggestions cannot be blamed for the shortcomings of the book. Faculty and staff at the Cowles Foundation were particularly helpful. Dori Clifton, Business Manager, and Karlee Gifford, Librarian, were always resourceful in locating people and documents. Michael Intrilgator, Leonid Hurwicz, and Martin Beckmann fur- Intriligator also nished perceptive comments on an earlier draft. obtained my access to the Marschak archives at UCLA. Wendy Williamson, the librarian at the Jacob C. Schmookler Library at the University of Minnesota cheerfully and efficiently handled lots of (sometimes vague) requests for reference materials and produced neat and timely drafts from very trying scratchpaper. Appropriate parts of my correspondence and some copies of documents will be placed in a Cowles Commission archive at the Cowles Foundation, Vale University.
Book Synopsis Combinatorial Heuristic Algorithms with FORTRAN by : Hang Tong Lau
Download or read book Combinatorial Heuristic Algorithms with FORTRAN written by Hang Tong Lau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years researchers have spent much effort in developing efficient heuristic algorithms for solving the class of NP-complete problems which are widely believed to be inherently intractable from the computational point of view. Although algorithms have been designed and are notorious among researchers, computer programs are either not implemented on computers or very difficult to obtain. The purpose of this book is to provide a source of FORTRAN coded algorithms for a selected number of well-known combinatorial optimization problems. The book is intended to be used as a supplementary text in combinatorial algorithms, network optimization, operations research and management science. In addition, a short description on each algorithm will allow the book to be used as a convenient reference. This work would not have been possible without the excellent facilities of Bell-Northern Research, Canada. H. T. Lau lIe des Soeurs Quebec, Canada August 1986 CONTENTS Page Introduction Part I. INTEGER PROGRAMMING Chapter 1. Integer Linear Programming Chapter 2. Zero-one Linear Programming 30 Chapter 3. Zero-one Knapsack Problem 38 Part II. NETWORK DESIGN Chapter 4. Traveling Salesman Problem 52 Chapter 5. Steiner Tree Problem 81 Chapter 6. Graph Partitioning 98 Chapter 7. K-Median Location 106 Chapter 8. K-Center Location 114 List of Subroutines 123 Bibliographic Notes 124 INTRODUCTION Following the elegant theory of NP-comp1eteness, the idea of developing efficient heuristic algorithms has been gaining its popularity and significance.
Book Synopsis More Test Examples for Nonlinear Programming Codes by : Klaus Schittkowski
Download or read book More Test Examples for Nonlinear Programming Codes written by Klaus Schittkowski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of 188 nonlinear programming test examples is a supplement of the test problem collection published by Hock and Schittkowski [2]. As in the former case, the intention is to present an extensive set of nonlinear programming problems that were used by other authors in the past to develop, test or compare optimization algorithms. There is no distinction between an "easy" or "difficult" test problem, since any related classification must depend on the underlying algorithm and test design. For instance, a nonlinear least squares problem may be solved easily by a special purpose code within a few iterations, but the same problem can be unsolvable for a general nonlinear programming code due to ill-conditioning. Thus one should consider both collections as a possible offer to choose some suitable problems for a specific test frame. One difference between the new collection and the former one pub lished by Hock and Schittkowski [2], is the attempt to present some more realistic or "real world" problems. Moreover a couple of non linear least squares test problems were collected which can be used e. g. to test data fitting algorithms. The presentation of the test problems is somewhat simplified and numerical solutions are computed only by one nonlinear programming code, the sequential quadratic programming algorithm NLPQL of Schittkowski [3]. But both test problem collections are implemeted in the same way in form of special FORTRAN subroutines, so that the same test programs can be used.
Book Synopsis Optimality in Infinite Horizon Economies by : Anders Borglin
Download or read book Optimality in Infinite Horizon Economies written by Anders Borglin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern welfare economics as it is known today to economists took its final shape with the emergence of the Arrow-Debreu model. The classical conjectures about the beneficient workings of markets together with the converse statement, that optimal (in the sense of Pareto) allocations may be sustained by prices and markets, has laid a firm foundation for further research in welfare economics. But more than that, it has inspired researchers to take up entirely new topics, notably by closer considerations of situations where the assumptions of the original model may seem overly restrictive. One of these new directions has been connected with generalizing the model so that it takes into account the possibility of infinitely many commodities. On the face of it, the idea of an infinity of commodities may seem a mathematical fancy having no "real" counterpart in economic life. This is not so, however. Quite to the contrary, infinity enters in a very natural way when it is taken into account that economic transactions take place over time. 2 In the Arrow-Debreu formalism, time may be incorporated into the model in a very simple way using dated commodities. Thus two commodities are considered as being different if they are to be delivered at different points of time.
Book Synopsis The Estimation of Macroeconomic Disequilibrium Models with Regime Classification Information by : Glenn D. Rudebusch
Download or read book The Estimation of Macroeconomic Disequilibrium Models with Regime Classification Information written by Glenn D. Rudebusch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Design of Adaptive Organizations by : Nobuo Takahashi
Download or read book Design of Adaptive Organizations written by Nobuo Takahashi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organization design has been discussed by many authors in management and organization theory. They have obtained intuitive and prescriptive propositions appealing that the best organization design is contingent on the environmental conditions. But their studies, called contingency theory, are mostly based on empirical research. Most of the "propositions" are drawn as only inferences from the results of them. On the other hand, decision theoretic models of "organizations" in the stochastic environment have been studied by some economists and management scientists independently of contingency theory. In this book, important aspects of organization design problems are formulated as statistical decision problems in the framework of management and organization theory. Part One of this book analyzes a short-run adaptive problems of the organization design. Part One contains an expanded exposition of the ideas and results published in the professional journals, and I would like to thank the anonymous reviewers of the following journals: Behaviormetrika, Human Relations, Behavioral Science. Part Two of this book considers a long-run adaptive process in the organization, and has not previously been published in its IV present form, although a version of this part is to appear in Journal of the Department of Liberal Arts, March 1987, The University of Tokyo. The resul ts of Part One and Part Two are supported by the empirical research on Japanese firms in Part Three. This research was financially supported by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation (NTT). I acknowledge this gratefully.
