Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Nutritional Strategies To Improve Nitrogen Efficiency And Reduce Nitrogen Excretion Of Lactating Dairy Cows
Download Nutritional Strategies To Improve Nitrogen Efficiency And Reduce Nitrogen Excretion Of Lactating Dairy Cows full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Nutritional Strategies To Improve Nitrogen Efficiency And Reduce Nitrogen Excretion Of Lactating Dairy Cows ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Nutritional Strategies to Improve Nitrogen Efficiency and Reduce Nitrogen Excretion of Lactating Dairy Cows by : Susan M. Noftsger
Download or read book Nutritional Strategies to Improve Nitrogen Efficiency and Reduce Nitrogen Excretion of Lactating Dairy Cows written by Susan M. Noftsger and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The mechanism of action of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid and its effects on N efficiency, ruminal variables, and milk production and composition were examined. In Trial 1, metabolizable protein (MP) supply and AA balance was manipulated through selection of highly digestible RUP sources and Met supplementation. Treatments were: 1) 18.3% crude protein with low estimated intestinal digestibility of RUP; 2) 18.3% CP with high digestibility RUP; 3) 16.9% CP with high digestibility RUP; and 4) 17.0% CP with high digestibility RUP and supplemental Met. Supplementing the highly digestible RUP source with rumen available and rumen escape sources of Met resulted in maximal milk and protein production and maximum N efficiency by cows during the production trial. In Trial 2, continuous culture fermenters were used to determine the optimal concentration of HMB for digestibility of carbohydrates and synthesis of microbial N. Treatments were three concentrations of HMB (0, 0.055, and 0.110 %) and one concentration of dl-Met (0.097%). Digestibility of carbohydrate, other than ADF, was largely insensitive to treatment. Differences in concentration and production of individual VFA were seen and the proportion of bacterial N produced from NH3-N decreased linearly with increasing HMB. This suggests that supplementation of HMB may have a sparing effect on branched chain volatile fatty acids. In trial 3, eight cows were used to examine the passage of HMB from the rumen, ruminal effects of HMB, and effects on production, N utilization, VFA, and protozoa. Samples of omasal fluid were used to determine the amount of Met supplements passing out of the rumen. Treatments were: (1) no methionine (2) 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid at 0.10% of DM; (3) isopropyl HMB at 0.13% of DM; and (4) dl-methionine at 0.088% of DM. Digestibility in the rumen was not different. Protozoa were increased numerically in the omasum by HMB and HMBi treatments. The percentage of HMB that passed into the omasum was 5.3%. Only a small amount of HMBi was found as HMB in the omasum (2.3%).
Book Synopsis Nutritional Strategies to Optimize Efficiency of Nitrogen Use by Lactating Dairy Cows by : Jan Schuba
Download or read book Nutritional Strategies to Optimize Efficiency of Nitrogen Use by Lactating Dairy Cows written by Jan Schuba and published by . This book was released on 2018* with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amino-acids; cattle; excretion; goats; nitrogen; recommendations; ruminants; sheep; supply; urea
Book Synopsis Nutritional strategies to improve nitrogen efficiency and milk protein synthesis in dairy cows by : James D. Ferguson
Download or read book Nutritional strategies to improve nitrogen efficiency and milk protein synthesis in dairy cows written by James D. Ferguson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nutritional Strategies to Influence Milk Production, Composition, Processabilty and Nitrogen Excretion of Lactating Dairy Cows by : Zoe Charlotte McKay
Download or read book Nutritional Strategies to Influence Milk Production, Composition, Processabilty and Nitrogen Excretion of Lactating Dairy Cows written by Zoe Charlotte McKay and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Identifying Strategies to Improve Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Lactating Dairy Cows by : Felipe Xavier Amaro
Download or read book Identifying Strategies to Improve Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Lactating Dairy Cows written by Felipe Xavier Amaro and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MI and longer WD. Long WD preserved water soluble carbohydrate concentrations in the silages, while it decreased CP concentrations. Predicted milk yield responses were greater when ensiled ryegrass was wilted for a shorter duration. Lastly, we evaluated (Chapter 6) the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on nutrient digestibility and ruminal N metabolism using a dual-flow continuous culture system. Incremental doses of AFB1 (0 to 150 micrograms/kg of diet DM) did not affect nutrient digestibility, fermentation parameters, and flows of N. Aflatoxin B1 increased with dose at 1 h but decreased to undetectable levels 4 h post-dosing. The clearance of AFB1 under our experimental conditions may be a function of microbial degradation, system passage rate, or the interaction of both factors.
Book Synopsis Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition by : W. Haresign
Download or read book Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition written by W. Haresign and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition-1981 is a collection of papers that discusses the effects of dietary fat on milk composition, relating it to the biochemistry of fat synthesis in the mammary gland. The influence of concentrates on milk composition as well as the pattern and level of concentrate feeding on milk output are also covered. The book describes the need for better utilization of grass and grass products in dairy production, the mineral and trace element requirements of pigs; the importance of anion-cation balance in poultry diets and its effects on performance levels; and the selenium and cobalt requirements of ruminants. The problems of medicinal residues in animal products and the toxicological effects of aflatoxin residues in animal products are also considered. People involved in agriculture, dairy production and animal nutrition will find the book useful.
Book Synopsis The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock by : Agricultural Research Council (Great Britain)
Download or read book The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock written by Agricultural Research Council (Great Britain) and published by Cabi. This book was released on 1980 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work discusses the nutrient requirements of all forms of ruminant livestock.
Book Synopsis Acidifiers in Animal Nutrition by : Christian Lückstädt
Download or read book Acidifiers in Animal Nutrition written by Christian Lückstädt and published by Nottingham University Press. This book was released on 2008-12-01 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compilation of papers from research institutes and the worldwide animal nutrition industry provides an overview on the use of acidifiers in animal nutrition and their beneficial effects on livestock and aquaculture.
Book Synopsis Nutrient Management of Food Animals to Enhance and Protect the Environment by : E.T. Kornegay
Download or read book Nutrient Management of Food Animals to Enhance and Protect the Environment written by E.T. Kornegay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-05-22 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrient management is an important aspect of feeding livestock and poultry. Today, there is more attention directed toward this issue in animal production than ever before. The heightened awareness of the environmental impacts associated with animal production has caused animal nutritionists to refocus their thoughts, practices, and expectations regarding how nutrients are supplied to animals. In addition, the increase in the size and intensity of modern production units demands new technologies for enhancing nutrient utilization and for reducing the amount of nutrients excreted. Covering these issues and more, Nutrient Management of Food Animals to Enhance and Protect the Environment is a reference tool for agricultural industry leaders, private practitioners, government agencies, and researchers.
Book Synopsis Nitrogen Efficiency in Late Lactation Dairy Cows by : Tiago Miguel Lima da Costa Barros
Download or read book Nitrogen Efficiency in Late Lactation Dairy Cows written by Tiago Miguel Lima da Costa Barros and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our main objectives were to (Project A) determine the partitioning of N from alfalfa silage (AS), corn silage (CS), corn grain (CG), and soybean meal (SBM) in lactating cows; and (Project B) study the effects of incremental reduction in dietary crude protein (CP) concentration on N metabolism of late-lactation dairy cows. In Project A, 12 multiparous cows were fed one of four dietary treatments constructed by replacing one feed ingredient of the unlabeled pretreatment TMR with its corresponding 15N-labeled ingredient (grown with 15N-labeled fertilizers). Cows were fed dietary treatments for four days and were fed the unlabeled TMR from day another four days. Results of different modeling approaches using a single exponential pool model suggested that N from concentrates contributed to a greater extent to milk N than N from silages. Corn grain N contributed the least to urinary N compared with other feed ingredients. These results provided evidence for distinct metabolic and digestive utilization of the N from AS, CS, CG, and SBM. Overall results suggested more excretion of urinary N and fecal N relative to milk N secretion for silages than for concentrates. In project B, 16 pens of eight late-lactation cows were fed for 12 weeks one of four diets that contained CP concentration of 16.2, 14.4, 13.1, and 11.8%. Reducing dietary CP reduced, in a linear fashion, the mass of dry matter, CP, and starch digested in the digestive tract. Ruminal concentrations of ammonia and branched-chain amino acids (AA) were linearly reduced with the reduction in dietary CP. Milk N secretion and excretion of urinary N and fecal N were linearly reduced with the reduction in dietary CP. Serum concentration of essential and non-essential amino acids were not affected by dietary treatments. Muscle N breakdown increased with the reduction of dietary CP concentration in week 1 and 4 of the experimental period, however this effect was not present in week 12. Muscle N mobilization was insufficient to maintain production level, but might have been instrumental in maintaining other physiological functions such as pregnancy.
Book Synopsis Feeding Strategies to Improve Sustainability and Welfare in Animal Production by : Fulvia Bovera
Download or read book Feeding Strategies to Improve Sustainability and Welfare in Animal Production written by Fulvia Bovera and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-04-23 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the scientific contributions published within the Animals topical collection “Feeding Strategies to Improve Sustainability and Welfare in Animal Production”. Originally a Special Issue, it has turned into a permanent collection, with its first article being published in July 2019 and more than 30 published articles a year later: evidence of the great interest from the scientific community regarding the topics addressed. The articles, which are grouped by species (poultry, ruminants, pigs, etc.) and by topic, deal with a wide range of arguments that, first of all, highlight the extraordinary complexity and diversity that exists in the animal production sector, and then, the great influence that nutrition and feeding can have in terms of optimizing the use of environmental resources and improving the welfare of farmed animals. In addition, all this is closely connected with the urgent need to safeguard the resources of the planet on which we live.
Book Synopsis Field and Laboratory Methods for Grassland and Animal Production Research by : L. 't Mannetje
Download or read book Field and Laboratory Methods for Grassland and Animal Production Research written by L. 't Mannetje and published by CABI. This book was released on 2000 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considers a range of methods used by plant and animal production scientists to study grassland vegetation and animal performance. This volume replaces a previous title, ''Measurement of Grassland Vegetation and Animal Production'', published in 1978, but incorporates many new topics.
Book Synopsis INRA feeding system for ruminants by : INRA
Download or read book INRA feeding system for ruminants written by INRA and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-11-27 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The INRA Feeding System for Ruminants has been renewed to better address emerging challenges for animal nutrition: prevision of productive responses, product quality, animal health and emissions to the environment, in a larger extent of breeding contexts. The new system is mainly built from meta-analyses of large data bases, and modelling. The dietary supply model accounts for digestive interactions and flows of individual nutrients, so that feed values depend on the final ration. Animal requirements account for variability in metabolic efficiency. Various productive and non-productive animal responses to diets are quantified. This book presents the whole system for dairy and meat, large and small ruminant production, including specificities for tropical and Mediterranean areas. The first two sections present biological concepts and equations (with their field of application and statistical accuracy) used to predict intake (including at grazing) and nutrient supply (Section 1), animal’s requirements and multiple responses to diets (Section 2). They apply to net energy, metabolisable protein and amino acids, water, minerals and vitamins. Section 3 presents the use of concepts and equations in rationing with two purposes: (1) diet calculation for a given performance objective; and (2) prediction of the multiple responses of animal to diet changes. Section 4 displays the tables of feed values, and their prevision. All the equations and concepts are embedded in the fifth version of INRAtion® software for practical use.
Download or read book NorFor - written by Harald Volden and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-05 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NorFor is a semi-mechanistic feed evaluation system for cattle, which is used by advisors in Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. This book describes in detail the system and it covers five main sections. The first is concerned with information on feed characteristics, feed analysis and feed digestion methods. The second section describes the digestion and metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract and the supply and requirement of energy and metabolizable amino acids. The third section considers the prediction of feed intake and physical structure of the diet. The fourth section focuses on model evaluation and the final section provides information on the IT solutions and feed ration formulation by a non-linear economical optimization procedure. This book will be of significant interest to researchers, students and advisors of cattle nutrition and feed evaluation.
Book Synopsis Relationship Between Mammary Gland Metabolism and Nitrogen Efficiency in the Lactating Dairy Cow by :
Download or read book Relationship Between Mammary Gland Metabolism and Nitrogen Efficiency in the Lactating Dairy Cow written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research was to evaluate the responses in mammary metabolism and milk protein yield when the mammary gland is exposed to different nutritional scenarios and to correlate these with efficiency of nitrogen utilization. Two trials were conducted using Latin square designs. The first trial evaluated three dietary CP levels (16.1, 14.6 and 13.2%) with or without abomasal infusion of the predicted limiting essential amino acids (EAA) on 14.6 and 13.2% CP diets. Milk and milk protein yields were not affected by treatment (average 35.4 kg/d and 1.03 kg/d, respectively); efficiency of use of dietary CP and MP increased, and urinary N excretion decreased, as dietary CP decreased. Infusions of EAA increased mammary clearance rate for the non-infused EAA, allowing for the same yield of milk protein despite lower arterial concentrations of these AA in the infused treatments. Overall, efficiency of N utilization did not appear to be affected by changes in mammary metabolism and was probably driven by reduced extra-mammary catabolism as AA supply was reduced. The second trial evaluated post-ruminal infusions of glucose, acetate and casein, alone or in combination. Glucose increased milk protein yield through greater mammary AA clearance rate and reduced AA oxidation within the gland, achieving a 58% efficiency of MP utilization. When glucose was infused with casein, the recovery of infused casein in milk protein was 47%. Acetate had no effect on milk protein yield. Under the condition of this experiment, cell signaling proteins were not affected by treatment and therefore did not help explain the responses to infused nutrients. In conclusion, glucose has a clear stimulating effect on milk protein synthesis and the mammary gland has the ability to increase the supply of nutrients to match its synthetic capacity. Both experiments demonstrated that the NRC (2001) model does not have the ability to predict the responses observed on either low (13.2%) CP diet or with glucose infusion. This indicates that the single nutrient-limiting nature of the NRC (2001) model, which milk and milk protein secretion based only on MP limitation, is insensitive to the interaction of glucose and MP supplies.
Book Synopsis Nutrient Requirements of Domesticated Ruminants by : Mike Freer
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Domesticated Ruminants written by Mike Freer and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2007 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This publication represents a revision of the report entitled 'Feeding standards for Australian livestock. Ruminants' that was issued in 1990 by CSIRO Publishing in conjunction with the Standing Committee on Agriculture"--Introduction.
Book Synopsis Protein Nutrition in Dairy Cows by : Paulina Letelier
Download or read book Protein Nutrition in Dairy Cows written by Paulina Letelier and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The release of N into the environment is having a severe negative impact in the ecosystems and human health. The dairy industry is under pressure to improve the N utilization and reduce the N losses to the environment. This work comprises 1 meta-analysis, and 2 cow experiments that aimed to study the effect of protein nutrition, amino acids (AA), and sampling methodologies on cow performance, and N utilization responses of lactating dairy cows. The meta-analysis was conducted to determine the association of plasma essential AA (EAA) profile with cow performance and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN). A hierarchical clustering revealed 2 plasma EAA clusters. Cows in cluster 1 had lower proportion of Leu and Val and greater proportion of Phe, Lys, Ile and Thr in total plasma EAA, greater milk, protein and fat yield and numerically lower PUN than cows in cluster 2. Our findings suggested the existence of an association between the plasma EAA profile and productive performance. The first cow experiment evaluated three protocols to determine urinary urea-N (UUN) excretion, the end-product of N metabolism in dairy cows. Urinary urea-N excretion was lower when determined by spot sampling compared to bladder catheterization or via an external collection cup device. Urinary urea-N and creatinine concentration were greater for spot sampling than for bladder catheterization. Urine specific gravity explained 66.5, 73.2, and 32.1% of the variation in urine output for bladder catheterization, collection cup and spot sampling, respectively. Increasing salt in the diet tended to increase urine output, decrease urinary urea concentration as well as milk protein concentration and yield. Finally, the last cow experiment evaluated production performance of dairy cows when fed 4 levels of dietary crude protein (CP) at different stages of lactation. Milk energy output was influenced by the interaction between dietary CP and stage of lactation. At 180 days in milk, feeding diets with more than 16.3% up to 17.4% CP marginally increased milk energy output from 31.5 to 32.6 Mcal/d. At 270 days in milk, the predicted responses of milk energy output to dietary CP decreased, resulting in a marginal improvement (24.5 vs. 25.8 Mcal/d) when cows were fed diet with more than 15.6% up to 16.9% CP. Nitrogen use efficiency linearly decreased with increasing levels of dietary CP.
