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Nuclear Weapons In Us National Security Policy Past Present And Prospects
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Book Synopsis Nuclear Weapons in U. S. National Security Policy by : Amy F. Woolf
Download or read book Nuclear Weapons in U. S. National Security Policy written by Amy F. Woolf and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-02 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) Introduction; (2) Nuclear Weapons in U.S. National Security Policy: The Evolving Role of Nuclear Weapons; Need for a National Debate?; (3) Defining Deterrence: Deterrence, in Theory; Deterrence, During the Cold War; Deterrence, After the Cold War; Deterrence in the 21st Century; (4) Issues for Congress: How Much Has Nuclear Strategy Changed?; Does Tailored Deterrence Enhance the Credibility of Nuclear Deterrence or Increase the Risk of Nuclear Use?; Can Tailored Deterrence Provide Guidance in Determining the Size and Structure of the U.S. Nuclear Arsenal?; What Role for U.S. Nuclear Weapons?
Book Synopsis Nuclear Weapons in U.S. National Security Policy: Past, Present, and Prospects by : Amy F. Woolf
Download or read book Nuclear Weapons in U.S. National Security Policy: Past, Present, and Prospects written by Amy F. Woolf and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bush Administration has outlined a strategy of tailored deterrence to define the role that nuclear weapons play in U.S. national security policy. There has been little discussion of this concept, either in Congress or in the public at large. This leaves unanswered questions about how this strategy differs from U.S. nuclear strategy during the Cold War and how it might advise decisions about the size and structure of the U.S. nuclear arsenal. During the Cold War, the United States often modified, or tailored, its nuclear targeting doctrine, its nuclear weapons employment policy, and its nuclear force structure to enhance or maintain the credibility of its nuclear deterrent posture. In some ways, the Bush Administration's concept of tailored deterrence follows the same pattern, using assessments of an adversary's society and values to identify a range of targets that might be threatened, and adjusting U.S. war plans and force structure to enhance the credibility of U.S. threats to destroy these targets. However, tailored deterrence differs from Cold War deterrence in that it explicitly notes that U.S. nuclear weapons could be used in attacks against a number of nations that might have developed and deployed chemical and biological weapons, even if they did not possess nuclear weapons. Hence, the new policy seems more of a change in "who" we will deter than it is a change in "how" we will deter. Congress may review the concept of tailored deterrence, either as a part of its oversight of nuclear weapons policies and programs, or as a part of a broader debate about the role of nuclear weapons in U.S. national security policy.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Weapons in U.S. National Security Policy by :
Download or read book Nuclear Weapons in U.S. National Security Policy written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the Cold War, the United States relied on nuclear weapons to deter an attack by the Soviet Union and its allies and to forestall the outbreak of a global war between the United States and the Soviet Union. [...] From the end of World War II, and, particularly, from the first explosion of a Soviet nuclear weapon in 1949, until the end of the Cold War in 1991, the United States relied on nuclear weapons to deter Soviet aggression and forestall the outbreak of a global war between the United States and the Soviet Union. [...] Congressional Research Service 1 Nuclear Weapons in U. S. National Security Policy: Past, Present, and Prospects This widespread consensus about the nature of the threat to the United States and its allies, and the need for nuclear weapons to deter and respond to this threat, began to dissolve during the 1990s, after the demise of the Soviet Union. [...] Some began to argue that, in the absence of the threat of global nuclear war, the United States should declare that nuclear weapons would serve only as "weapons of last resort" to deter nuclear attacks, or possibly other catastrophic attacks, against the United States itself.2 Others argued that the United States needed to maintain a credible nuclear deterrent to "hedge" against the possibility of [...] It did not maintain a "one size fits all deterrent," but sought to "tailor" its forces and attack strategies to affect the perceptions of the Soviet Union, and other potential adversaries, by convincing them that the United States had the will, the weapons, and the plans needed to ensure that it would respond if attacked and that the level of destruction would be unacceptable to the adversary.
Book Synopsis U.S. nuclear policy in the 21st century a fresh look at national strategy and requirements: final report by :
Download or read book U.S. nuclear policy in the 21st century a fresh look at national strategy and requirements: final report written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1998 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sweeping changes are occurring in the international system, presenting the United States with both opportunities and challenges. The East-West strategic rivalry that dominated the global security environment for over forty years has been fundamentally and, in a number of critical ways, irreversibly altered. Yet the world continues to be unpredictable and dangerous. Relations with Russia and China have improved dramatically in the last ten years but remain uncertain. Both states continue to emphasize and modernize their nuclear arsenals. In other regions of vital interest to the United States, potential adversaries increasingly have at their disposal advanced conventional and unconventional capabilities, as well as weapons of mass destruction and the means for their delivery. Together, these and other factors, such as the ongoing revolution in military technology, have engendered major adjustments in U.S. national security policy and in the strategy and forces that support U.S. security interests. A series of U.S. government analyses, including the Nuclear Posture Review and the Quadrennial Defense Review, has guided the restructuring of U.S. conventional forces and provided the basis for the late 1997 Presidential Decision Directive on nuclear weapons policy. Further analyses and adjustments will certainly follow. As a contribution to this dynamic process, this report assesses the rationale and requirements for U.S. nuclear weapons, and the infrastructure and people that are critical to their sustainment, in the current and future security environment. By so doing, the report is intended to promote greater understanding of the issues and the measures that will be necessary to sustain deterrence in an uncertain future. The American public and its leadership in both the Executive and Legislative branches must remain informed, involved, and supportive. Absent concerted and continuing high-level attention to the policies and programs supporting its nuclear forces, 7.
Download or read book No Use written by Thomas M. Nichols and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than forty years, the United States has maintained a public commitment to nuclear disarmament, and every president from Ronald Reagan to Barack Obama has gradually reduced the size of America's nuclear forces. Yet even now, over two decades after the end of the Cold War, the United States maintains a huge nuclear arsenal on high alert and ready for war. The Americans, like the Russians, the Chinese, and other major nuclear powers, continue to retain a deep faith in the political and military value of nuclear force, and this belief remains enshrined at the center of U.S. defense policy regardless of the radical changes that have taken place in international politics. In No Use, national security scholar Thomas M. Nichols offers a lucid, accessible reexamination of the role of nuclear weapons and their prominence in U.S. security strategy. Nichols explains why strategies built for the Cold War have survived into the twenty-first century, and he illustrates how America's nearly unshakable belief in the utility of nuclear arms has hindered U.S. and international attempts to slow the nuclear programs of volatile regimes in North Korea and Iran. From a solid historical foundation, Nichols makes the compelling argument that to end the danger of worldwide nuclear holocaust, the United States must take the lead in abandoning unrealistic threats of nuclear force and then create a new and more stable approach to deterrence for the twenty-first century.
Book Synopsis Balancing Scientific Openness and National Security Controls at the Nuclear Weapons Laboratories by : National Academy of Engineering
Download or read book Balancing Scientific Openness and National Security Controls at the Nuclear Weapons Laboratories written by National Academy of Engineering and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-01-08 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report addresses consequences of current and proposed restrictions on international contacts by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) national laboratories and explores methods of best serving national security through positive new scientific advances facilitated by international communication among scientists, through scientific contacts to further non-proliferation, and through careful protection of crucial classified information from foreign espionage. The report summarizes a symposium that examined: the role of the DOE's national laboratories in national security and the contributions by foreign laboratories and scientists, proposals for amending security policies of the weapons laboratories in regard to contact with foreign laboratories and scientists, and the risks and benefits of scientific openness in this context. Finally, the report reviews current policies and proposals designed to enhance security at the weapons laboratories, primarily those related to restrictions on foreign contacts by DOE scientists.
Book Synopsis U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy by : George Bunn
Download or read book U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy written by George Bunn and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2007-08-29 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Brookings Institution Press and the Center for International Security and Cooperation publication What role should nuclear weapons play in today's world? How can the United States promote international security while safeguarding its own interests? U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy informs this debate with an analysis of current nuclear weapons policies and strategies, including those for deterring, preventing, or preempting nuclear attack; preventing further proliferation, to nations and terrorists; modifying weapons designs; and revising the U.S. nuclear posture. Presidents Bush and Clinton made major changes in U.S. policy after the Cold War, and George W. Bush's administration made further, more radical changes after 9/11. Leaked portions of 2001's Nuclear Posture Review, for example, described more aggressive possible uses for nuclear weapons. This important volume examines the significance of such changes and suggests a way forward for U.S. policy, emphasizing stronger security of nuclear weapons and materials, international compliance with nonproliferation obligations, attention to the demand side of proliferation, and reduced reliance on nuclear weapons in U.S. foreign policy.
Book Synopsis Russian Nuclear Weapons by : U. S. Army
Download or read book Russian Nuclear Weapons written by U. S. Army and published by . This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important report from the U.S. Army's Strategic Studies Institute provides unique insights into the Russian nuclear arsenal, arms control, and American-Russian relationships. Russian Nuclear Weapons: Past, Present, and Future * 1. Russian Nuclear and Conventional Weapons: The Broken Relationship * 2. Russia's Conventional Armed Forces: Reform and Nuclear Posture to 2020 * 3. Nuclear Weapons in Russian Strategy and Doctrine * 4. Russia's Security Relations with the United States: Futures Planned and Unplanned * 5. Nuclear Weapons in Russian National Security Strategy * 6. Caught between Scylla and Charybdis: The Relationship between Conventional and Nuclear Capabilities in Russian Military Thought * 7. Russia and Nuclear Weapons * 8. Russian Tactical Nuclear Weapons: Current Policies and Future Trends * 9. New START and Nonproliferation: Suitors or Separate Tables? * 10. Russia's Nuclear Posture and the Threat that Dare Not Speak its Name * Hillary Clinton, Vladimir Putin, Sergey Lavrov Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs. While the Cold War is long past, the importance of arms control in Russo-American relations and the related issue of nuclear weapons for Russia remain vital concerns. Indeed, without an appreciation of the multiple dimensions of the latter, progress in the former domain is inconceivable. With this in mind, the Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) is very pleased to present the following essays, which explore many, if not all, of the issues connected with Russia's relatively greater reliance on nuclear weapons for its security. As such, they constitute an important contribution to the analysis of the Obama administration's reset policy, Russo-American relations, Russian foreign and defense policy, and international security in both Europe and Asia. Additionally, questions concerning the approach taken by other nuclear power nations in reference to the arms control agenda provide a crucial backdrop for the progress toward curbing the proliferation of nuclear weapons, a long-standing central goal of U.S. security policy. We offer these essays to our readers in the belief that the information and analyses contained herein will strengthen our understanding of Russia's extensive nuclear agenda and provide a deeper understanding of the many issues in international security connected with Russia and its nuclear posture. Dale Herspring and Roger McDermott present a systematic exposition and analysis of the reforms of the conventional forces and the impact this might have on nuclear issues. Andrei Shoumikhin, Pavel Baev, and Nikolai Sokov closely examine the ways in which Russia has previously thought about nuclear weapons, how it does so at present, and as well as how it might think about them in the future. Daniel Goure and Stephen Blank analyze some of the larger strategic issues driving Russian security and defense policy and their connection to nuclear weapons. Stephen Cimbala relates both the U.S. and Russian structures to issues tied to nonproliferation and to what future reductions to a 1,000 warhead level might look like, while Jacob Kipp analyzes the deep-seated strategic challenges that Russia faces in its Asian-Pacific Far East. Richard Weitz provides an in-depth analysis of the vexing issue of tactical nuclear weapons (TNW) that are already a source of friction between the two sides and one that will figure prominently in any future arms control negotiation. In many cases, it will become clear that in the attempt to answer the questions asked of them, the authors of this book have produced a considerable amount of overlap, i.e., more than one author addressing the same point. However, what is equally as clear is that there is no agreement among them. There was a deliberate attempt to avoid a "pre-cooked" consensus. Rather, each author's individual view is asserted in their chapters, underscoring the inherent opacity of Russian programs and the different analytical approaches of each writer.
Book Synopsis U. S. nuclear policy in the 21st century by :
Download or read book U. S. nuclear policy in the 21st century written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nuclear Weapons and American Grand Strategy by : Francis J. Gavin
Download or read book Nuclear Weapons and American Grand Strategy written by Francis J. Gavin and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring what we know--and don't know--about how nuclear weapons shape American grand strategy and international relations A 2020 CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title The world first confronted the power of nuclear weapons when the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. The global threat of these weapons deepened in the following decades as more advanced weapons, aggressive strategies, and new nuclear powers emerged. Ever since, countless books, reports, and articles--and even a new field of academic inquiry called "security studies"--have tried to explain the so-called nuclear revolution. Francis J. Gavin argues that scholarly and popular understanding of many key issues about nuclear weapons is incomplete at best and wrong at worst. Among these important, misunderstood issues are: how nuclear deterrence works; whether nuclear coercion is effective; how and why the United States chose its nuclear strategies; why countries develop their own nuclear weapons or choose not to do so; and, most fundamentally, whether nuclear weapons make the world safer or more dangerous. These and similar questions still matter because nuclear danger is returning as a genuine threat. Emerging technologies and shifting great-power rivalries seem to herald a new type of cold war just three decades after the end of the U.S.-Soviet conflict that was characterized by periodic prospects of global Armageddon. Nuclear Weapons and American Grand Strategy helps policymakers wrestle with the latest challenges. Written in a clear, accessible, and jargon-free manner, the book also offers insights for students, scholars, and others interested in both the history and future of nuclear danger.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Weapons' Role in 21st Century U.S. Policy by : Dominick R. Pelligrini
Download or read book Nuclear Weapons' Role in 21st Century U.S. Policy written by Dominick R. Pelligrini and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the role of nuclear weapons in 21st century U.S. policy. The world has changed a great deal in the last decade and a half. The Cold War stand-off with the Soviet Union is over, and Russia is no longer an ideological adversary. The United States has made historic reductions in its operationally deployed strategic nuclear forces and plans to reduce them to a level of 1,700 to 2,200 by 2012, as called for by the Moscow Treaty. The U.S. has also greatly reduced its non-strategic nuclear forces and the total nuclear warhead stockpile. These significant nuclear reductions are fully warranted in the new security environment. The United States continues to maintain nuclear forces for two fundamental reasons. First, the international security environment remains dangerous and unpredictable, and has grown more complicated since the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Political intentions can change overnight and technical surprises can be expected. Second, nuclear weapons continue to play unique roles in supporting U.S. national security. Although not suited for every 21st century challenge, nuclear weapons remain an essential element in modern strategy. This book consists of public documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.
Book Synopsis The Role of Nuclear Weapons in the U.S. National Security Strategy and the Army by :
Download or read book The Role of Nuclear Weapons in the U.S. National Security Strategy and the Army written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the demise of the Cold War and the disintegration of the Former Soviet Union, the long standing threat to the U.S. and its allies seems to be disappearing. As a result, the principles that governed the past strategies are no longer present or they are quickly fading away. As the fear of global nuclear war seemingly diminishes, this has reopened a national debate concerning the role of nuclear weapons in U.S. National Security Strategy. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of nuclear weapons. The intent is not to produce an emotional plea for these weapons. More importantly, the concern is that future leaders continue to consider all options in developing a coherent military strategy and not automatically accept the premise that certain roles for these systems are no longer needed or do not have to be explored. In fact, future leaders must recognize that nuclear weapons cannot be un-invented and will continue to play a role in maintaining crisis stability in the new world, limiting proliferation and providing a warfighting option, if needed.
Book Synopsis U.S. National Security Policy and Strategy by : Sam C. Sarkesian
Download or read book U.S. National Security Policy and Strategy written by Sam C. Sarkesian and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 1988-12-14 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work was designed to establish a sense of history and perspective for the study and teaching of national security. It is also intended to bring a sense of balance to current debates on national security policy. This is accomplished by presenting selected official U.S. documents covering the past thirty years, a careful reading of which not only provides valuable insights into the policy process but also into the meaning of American values. Rather than giving a comprehensive picture, this volume is designed to portray the critical reference points in the periods and events examined, and to identify the attitudes of the times. The book primarily treats the period from 1950 to the mid-1980s, although the first document examined is the National Security Act of 1947. The documents examined cover the national security establishment, new defense policies such as counterinsurgency, the events of the Vietnam War and its aftermath, nuclear strategy, the Reagan reassertion, and congressional constraints on the executive branch of government. A number of foreign and national security policy references were used as background and guides; these are listed in the Select Bibliography.
Book Synopsis National Security and the Nuclear Dilemma by : Richard Smoke
Download or read book National Security and the Nuclear Dilemma written by Richard Smoke and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Committee on International Security and Arms Control Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309518377 Total Pages :119 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (95 download)
Book Synopsis The Future of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy by : Committee on International Security and Arms Control
Download or read book The Future of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy written by Committee on International Security and Arms Control and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-07-01 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The debate about appropriate purposes and policies for U.S. nuclear weapons has been under way since the beginning of the nuclear age. With the end of the Cold War, the debate has entered a new phase, propelled by the post-Cold War transformations of the international political landscape. This volume--based on an exhaustive reexamination of issues addressed in The Future of the U.S.-Soviet Nuclear Relationship (NRC, 1991)--describes the state to which U.S. and Russian nuclear forces and policies have evolved since the Cold War ended. The book evaluates a regime of progressive constraints for future U.S. nuclear weapons policy that includes further reductions in nuclear forces, changes in nuclear operations to preserve deterrence but enhance operational safety, and measures to help prevent proliferation of nuclear weapons. In addition, it examines the conditions and means by which comprehensive nuclear disarmament could become feasible and desirable.
Book Synopsis The Case for U.S. Nuclear Weapons in the 21st Century by : Brad Roberts
Download or read book The Case for U.S. Nuclear Weapons in the 21st Century written by Brad Roberts and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2015-12-09 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “An excellent contribution to the debate on the future role of nuclear weapons and nuclear deterrence in American foreign policy.” ―Contemporary Security Policy This book is a counter to the conventional wisdom that the United States can and should do more to reduce both the role of nuclear weapons in its security strategies and the number of weapons in its arsenal. The case against nuclear weapons has been made on many grounds—including historical, political, and moral. But, Brad Roberts argues, it has not so far been informed by the experience of the United States since the Cold War in trying to adapt deterrence to a changed world, and to create the conditions that would allow further significant changes to U.S. nuclear policy and posture. Drawing on the author’s experience in the making and implementation of U.S. policy in the Obama administration, this book examines that real-world experience and finds important lessons for the disarmament enterprise. Central conclusions of the work are that other nuclear-armed states are not prepared to join the United States in making reductions, and that unilateral steps by the United States to disarm further would be harmful to its interests and those of its allies. The book ultimately argues in favor of patience and persistence in the implementation of a balanced approach to nuclear strategy that encompasses political efforts to reduce nuclear dangers along with military efforts to deter them. “Well-researched and carefully argued.” ―Foreign Affairs
Book Synopsis National Security for a New Era by : Donald M. Snow
Download or read book National Security for a New Era written by Donald M. Snow and published by Longman Publishing Group. This book was released on 2004 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This accessible and stimulating new book from renowned security scholar Donald Snow examines the United States' national security situation today and what policies the U.S. should adopt to confront it. National Security for a New Era is the first comprehensive examination of American national security policy since the events of 9/11 galvanized change. It starts from the premise that there have been two fundamental fault lines in national security policy over the past 15 years, the end of the Cold War and the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Each transformed security policy: the end of the Cold War ushered in the era of globalization for the 1990s, and 9/11 initiated a shift to a more traditional geopolitical view of the world for the early 2000s. The text attempts to place these traumatic events into the context of the prior American experience of the Cold War, traditional concerns over American interests, politics, and military problems, and to extend that experience into the future. Asymmetrical warfare, the Iraq war precedent, the neo-conservative challenge, state building, and the future reconciliation of globalization and geopolitics are all examined.
