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Nox Nmhc And Co Emissions From Biomass Derived Fuel Extenders Used In Spark Ignition Engines
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Book Synopsis NOx, NMHC, and CO Emissions from Biomass Derived Fuel Extenders Used in Spark Ignition Engines by : Timothy W. Rudolph
Download or read book NOx, NMHC, and CO Emissions from Biomass Derived Fuel Extenders Used in Spark Ignition Engines written by Timothy W. Rudolph and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biofuels from Lignocellulosic Biomass by : Michael Boot
Download or read book Biofuels from Lignocellulosic Biomass written by Michael Boot and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-08-01 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by experts in combustion technology, this is a unique and refreshing perspective on the current biofuel discussion, presenting the latest research in this important field. The emphasis throughout this reference is on applications, industrial perspectives and economics, focusing on new classes of biofuels such as butanols, levulinates, benzenoids and others. Clearly structured, each chapter presents a new class of biofuel and discusses such topics as production pathways, fuel properties and its impact on engines. The result is a fascinating, user-oriented overview of new classes of biofuels beyond bioethanol.
Download or read book Acid Precipitation written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pollution Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 984 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indexes material from conference proceedings and hard-to-find documents, in addition to journal articles. Over 1,000 journals are indexed and literature published from 1981 to the present is covered. Topics in pollution and its management are extensively covered from the standpoints of atmosphere, emissions, mathematical models, effects on people and animals, and environmental action. Major areas of coverage include: air pollution, marine pollution, freshwater pollution, sewage and wastewater treatment, waste management, land pollution, toxicology and health, noise, and radiation.
Book Synopsis Application of Liquid Biofuels to Internal Combustion Engines by : Soo-Young No
Download or read book Application of Liquid Biofuels to Internal Combustion Engines written by Soo-Young No and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-17 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the application of liquid biofuels to internal combustion (IC) engines. Biofuels are one of the most promising renewable and sustainable energy sources. Particularly, liquid biofuels obtained from biomass could become a valid alternative to the use of fossil fuels in the light of increasingly stringent environmental constraints. In this book, the discussion is limited to liquid biofuels obtained from triglycerides and lignocellulose among the many different kinds of biomass. Several liquid biofuels from triglycerides, straight vegetable oil, biodiesel produced from inedible vegetable oil, hydrotreated vegetable oil, and pyrolytic oil have been selected for discussion, as well as biofuels from lignocellulose bio-oil, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and butanol, and biomass-to-liquids diesel. This book includes three chapters on the application of methanol, ethanol and butanol to advanced compression ignition (CI) engines such as LTC, HCCI, RCCI and DF modes. Further, the application of other higher alcohols and other drop-in fuels such as DMF, MF, MTHF, and GVL are also discussed. The book will be a valuable resource for graduate students, researchers and engine designers who are interested in the application of alcohols and other biofuels in advanced CI engines, and also useful for alternative energy planners selecting biofuels for CI engines in the future.
Book Synopsis Inevitability of Engine-Out Nox Emissions from Spark-Ignition and Diesel Engines by :
Download or read book Inevitability of Engine-Out Nox Emissions from Spark-Ignition and Diesel Engines written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internal combustion engines, both spark ignition and Diesel, are dominant types of vehicle power sources and also provide power for other important stationary applications. Overall, these engines are a central part of power generation in modern society. However, these engines, burning hydrocarbon fuels from natural gas to gasoline and Diesel fuel, are also responsible for a great deal of pollutant emissions to the environment, especially oxides of nitrogen (NO[sub x]) and unburned hydrocarbons (UHC). In recent years, pollutant species emissions from internal combustion engines have been the object of steadily more stringent limitations from various governmental agencies. Engine designers have responded by developing engines that reduce emissions to accommodate these tighter limitations. However, as these limits become ever more stringent, the ability of engine design modifications to meet those limits must be questioned. Production of NO[sub x] in internal combustion engines is primarily due to the high temperature extended Zeldovich reaction mechanism: (1) O + N[sub 2] = NO + N; (2) N + O[sub 2] = NO + O; and (3) N + OH = NO + H. The rates of these reactions become significant when combustion temperatures reach or exceed about 2000K. This large temperature dependence, characterized by large activation energies for the rates of the reactions listed here, is a direct result of the need to break apart the tightly bonded oxygen and nitrogen molecules. The strongest bond is the triple bond in the N [triple-bond] N molecule, resulting in an activation energy of about 75 kcal/mole for Reaction (1), which is the principal cause for the large temperature dependence of the extended Zeldovich NO[sub x] mechanism. In most engines, NO[sub x] is therefore produced primarily in the high temperature combustion product gases. Using a reliable kinetic model for NO[sub x] production such as the GRI Mechanism [1] or the Miller-Bowman model [2] with hydrocarbon products at temperatures from 1500K through 2500K, the amounts of NO[sub x] produced at a given residence time in an engine can easily be computed, as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 depicts how temperatures such as those existing in the combustion zones of heavy-duty engines would produce NO[sub x] emissions. This figure was created assuming that a fuel/air equivalence ratio [phi] of 0.65 was used to heat the combustion air. This equivalence ratio would be similar to that of a heavy-duty lean-burn spark-ignition or diesel engine. At temperatures in the neighborhood of 2000K and residence times between 1-5 milliseconds, which are typical of residence times at these temperatures in engines, the production of NO[sub x] increases dramatically. It is evident from Fig. 1 that product temperatures must remain below approximately 2100K to achieve extremely low NO[sub x] production levels in engines. This conclusion led to a combined experimental and modeling study of product gas temperatures in engine combustion and their influence on emission levels.
Book Synopsis Modeling NO and CO Emissions in Lean Natural Gas Spark Ignition Engines by : Aaron David Golub
Download or read book Modeling NO and CO Emissions in Lean Natural Gas Spark Ignition Engines written by Aaron David Golub and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environment Abstracts Annual 1989 by : Bowker Editorial Staff
Download or read book Environment Abstracts Annual 1989 written by Bowker Editorial Staff and published by R. R. Bowker. This book was released on 1990 with total page 1932 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental, Economic, and Scalability Consideration of Selected Biomass-Derived Blendstocks for Mixing-Controlled Compression Ignition (MCCI) Engines by :
Download or read book Environmental, Economic, and Scalability Consideration of Selected Biomass-Derived Blendstocks for Mixing-Controlled Compression Ignition (MCCI) Engines written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Co-Optimization of Fuels & Engines (Co-Optima) explores how simultaneous innovations in fuels and engines can boost fuel economy and vehicle performance while reducing emissions. The Analysis of Sustainability, Scale, Economics, Risk and Trade (ASSERT) team supports Co-Optima goals by evaluating environmental and economic drivers and the potential of bioblendstock candidates. The team assesses potential benefits or drawbacks of deploying co-optimized fuels and engines in the transportation sector. This presentation provides guidance into which Co-Optima bioblendstocks may be most economically and environmentally viable when scaled up.
Book Synopsis Co-optimization of Fuels and Engines by : John Farrell
Download or read book Co-optimization of Fuels and Engines written by John Farrell and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Co-Optimization of Fuels and Engines (Co-Optima) initiative is a new DOE initiative focused on accelerating the introduction of affordable, scalable, and sustainable biofuels and high-efficiency, low-emission vehicle engines. The simultaneous fuels and vehicles research and development (R & D) are designed to deliver maximum energy savings, emissions reduction, and on-road vehicle performance. The initiative's integrated approach combines the previously independent areas of biofuels and combustion R & D, bringing together two DOE Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy research offices, ten national laboratories, and numerous industry and academic partners to simultaneously tackle fuel and engine research and development (R & D) to maximize energy savings and on-road vehicle performance while dramatically reducing transportation-related petroleum consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This multi-year project will provide industry with the scientific underpinnings required to move new biofuels and advanced engine systems to market faster while identifying and addressing barriers to their commercialization. This project's ambitious, first-of-its-kind approach simultaneously tackles fuel and engine innovation to co-optimize performance of both elements and provide dramatic and rapid cuts in fuel use and emissions. This presentation provides an overview of the initiative and reviews recent progress focused on both advanced spark-ignition and compression-ignition approaches.
Download or read book Energy Information Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Comparison Study on Emission Characteristics of Using Higher Alcohol Oxygenates with Gasoline in a Multipoint Fuel Injection Spark-Ignition Engine by : Gopinath Dhamodaran
Download or read book A Comparison Study on Emission Characteristics of Using Higher Alcohol Oxygenates with Gasoline in a Multipoint Fuel Injection Spark-Ignition Engine written by Gopinath Dhamodaran and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Usage of oxygenates has become common practice for improving gasoline properties. In this study, two oxygenates, one from the ether family (diisopropyl ether (DIPE)) and one from the alcohol family (n-butanol), were mixed with gasoline at 5, 15, and 25 % by volume to get D5, D15, D25, N5, N15, and N25 blends. Blends of DIPE (D5, D15, and D25) and n-butanol (N5, N15, and N25) were tested in a four-stroke four-cylinder multipoint fuel injection spark-ignition engine at 0.33 MPa (brake mean effective pressure) over a speed range of 1,400 to 2,800 r/min with 200 r/min increments. The performance and emission behavior obtained from blends of DIPE and n-butanol were compared with base gasoline. Lower hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions are observed for oxygenate blends than for gasoline. However, blends of DIPE and butanol emitted higher nitrogen oxide (NO x ) than gasoline. The retarded spark timing from 14° before top-dead-center (bTDC) to 12° bTDC reduced NO x emissions from blends. The study also concludes that DIPE is a suitable and comparable oxygenate additive to n-butanol and offers high knock resistance equal to n-butanol.
Download or read book Automotive Air Pollution written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Automotive air pollution will intensify with increasing urbanization and the rapid pace of motorization in developing countries. Without effective measures to curb air pollution, some 300-400 million city dwellers in developing countries will become exposed to unhealthy and dangerous levels of air pollution by the end of the century. Administratively simple policies that encourage clean fuels and better traffic management are the most promising approach to controlling vehicle pollutant emissions in developing countries.
Book Synopsis Transportation Energy Data Book by :
Download or read book Transportation Energy Data Book written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Internal Combustion Engines and Powertrain Systems for Future Transport 2019 by : IMECHE
Download or read book Internal Combustion Engines and Powertrain Systems for Future Transport 2019 written by IMECHE and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-03-09 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the changing landscape of the transport sector, there are also alternative powertrain systems on offer that can run independently of or in conjunction with the internal combustion (IC) engine. This shift has actually helped the industry gain traction with the IC Engine market projected to grow at 4.67% CAGR during the forecast period 2019-2025. It continues to meet both requirements and challenges through continual technology advancement and innovation from the latest research. With this in mind, the contributions in Internal Combustion Engines and Powertrain Systems for Future Transport 2019 not only cover the particular issues for the IC engine market but also reflect the impact of alternative powertrains on the propulsion industry. The main topics include: • Engines for hybrid powertrains and electrification • IC engines • Fuel cells • E-machines • Air-path and other technologies achieving performance and fuel economy benefits • Advances and improvements in combustion and ignition systems • Emissions regulation and their control by engine and after-treatment • Developments in real-world driving cycles • Advanced boosting systems • Connected powertrains (AI) • Electrification opportunities • Energy conversion and recovery systems • Modified or novel engine cycles • IC engines for heavy duty and off highway Internal Combustion Engines and Powertrain Systems for Future Transport 2019 provides a forum for IC engine, fuels and powertrain experts, and looks closely at developments in powertrain technology required to meet the demands of the low carbon economy and global competition in all sectors of the transportation, off-highway and stationary power industries.
Book Synopsis Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles by : Asif Faiz
Download or read book Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles written by Asif Faiz and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributions by Surhid Gautam and Lit-Mian Chan. This book presents a state-of-the art review of vehicle emission standards and regulations and provides a synthesis of worldwide experience with vehicle emission control technologies and their applications in both industrial and developing countries. Topics covered include: * The two principal international systems of vehicle emission standards: those of North America and Europe * Test procedures used to verify compliance with emissions standards and to estimate actual emissions * Engine and aftertreatment technologies that have been developed to enable new vehicles to comply with emission standards, as well as the cost and other impacts of these technologies * An evaluation of measures for controlling emissions from in-use vehicles * The role of fuels in reducing vehicle emissions, the benefits that could be gained by reformulating conventional gasoline and diesel fuels, the potential benefits of alternative cleaner fuels, and the prospects for using hydrogen and electric power to run motor vehicles with ultra-low or zero emissions. This book is the first in a series of publications on vehicle-related pollution and control measures prepared by the World Bank in collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme to underpin the Bank's overall objective of promoting transport that is environmentally sustainable and least damaging to human health and welfare.
Download or read book Air Pollution written by Kenneth Wark and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1997-12 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: