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Author : Steven MacLellan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book Novel Polymeric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Contrast Agents written by Steven MacLellan and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jonathan Martinelli
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Towards Novel Polymeric Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Jonathan Martinelli and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sophie Laurent
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811025290
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)
Download or read book MRI Contrast Agents written by Sophie Laurent and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the multiple aspects of (i) preparation of the magnetic core, (ii) the stabilization with different coatings, (iii) the physico-chemical characterization and (iv) the vectorization to obtain specific nanosystems. Several bio-applications are also presented in this book. In the early days of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), paramagnetic ions were proposed as contrast agents to enhance the diagnostic quality of MR images. Since then, academic and industrial efforts have been devoted to the development of new and more efficient molecular, supramolecular and nanoparticular systems. Old concepts and theories, like paramagnetic relaxation, were revisited and exploited, leading to new scientific tracks. With their high relaxivity payload, the superparamagnetic nanoparticles are very appealing in the context of molecular imaging but challenges are still numerous: absence of toxicity, specificity, ability to cross the biological barriers, etc.
Author : Clare Lee Matilda Le Guyader
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (992 download)
Download or read book Polymeric Nanoparticle and Bioconjugate MRI Contrast Agents for In Vivo Imaging written by Clare Lee Matilda Le Guyader and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoparticles are the hallmark of nanomedicine, proving clinically relevant for the delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic drugs. Nanomaterials are highly versatile, with the ability for scientists to tailor composition and function to suit the desired application. Herein, two types of nanocarriers are investigated in the context of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents: polymeric nanoparticles and protein carriers. A key research focus in applying nanoparticles for drug delivery is in understanding physicochemical properties affecting in vivo fate. Shape or morphology of a particle is a vastly underutilized property in the design of nanoparticles, and is difficult to predictably control in the context of polymeric nanoparticles. Investigations of block copolymer nanoassemblies evaluate effects of the polymer structure and the self-assembly process to form interesting and diverse structures. In this work, ring-opening metathesis polymerization is employed to prepare and study block copolymer amphiphile self-assembly. First, a small library of amphiphiles are prepared in which the hydrophobic block functionality is varied. In varying the polymer structure and the solvent for assembly, different morphologies are produced, including small and large spheres, cylinders, y-junctions, and rods. In several cases, one polymer can take on different morphologies depending on the organic cosolvent used during micellization, highlighting the importance of assembly conditions and dynamics in forming kinetically trapped structures versus thermodynamically stable structures. These are important considerations when designing, synthesizing, and formulating polymeric nanoparticles for in vivo applications. Next, direct incorporation of a gadolinium based contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging is studied. A novel monomer and chain transfer agent of a gadolinium-chelate are used to directly incorporate the contrast agent in to a polynorbornene polymer backbone. The resulting spherical and fibrillar nanoparticles exhibited enhanced relaxivity and are studied as MRI contrast agents using live imaging in murine models. Finally, a fatty acid ligand is conjugated to a gadolinium-based contrast agent is prepared and formulated with human serum albumin. In formulation with HSA, the agent exhibits high relaxivity and prolonged blood circulation. In addition, therapeutic conjugates formulated with HSA are evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity and found to be effective in tumor growth suppression in vivo.
Author : Jessica Rose McCombs
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 49 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (867 download)
Download or read book Developing Novel Polymer Architectures for Applications In Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Self-assembly written by Jessica Rose McCombs and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Macromolecular scaffolds for drug delivery, self-assembly, and imaging applications have attracted significant attention over the last several decades. As polymerization techniques become more sophisticated, it becomes possible to create polymeric architectures with increasing control over structure, molecular weight, and mass dispersity. Herein, ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is paired with highly efficient synthetic methods to create functional bottle-brush polymers for MRI imaging and self-assembly applications. In this "graft-through" approach, bivalent macromonomers bearing a terminal exo-norbornene group were synthesized and polymerized to yield bottle-brush polymers with controlled molar masses and low dispersities. This approach is first utilized in the development of organic radical contrast agents (ORCAs) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These ORCAs are composed of macromonomers bearing long polyethylene glycol chains and sterically hindered bis(spirocyclohexyl) nitroxide free radicals. This approach enables facile tuning of nitroxide loading percentages and molecular size. Bottle-brush ORCAs displayed high r1 and r2 relaxivities suggesting that they have potential for further in vivo MRI studies. Next, bottle-brush copolymers composed of multiple polymeric domains are synthesized by ROMP. We propose that these multi-block bottle-brush polymers will self-assemble into interesting solution and bulk architectures. Several approaches to synthesizing tetrablock bottle-brush polymers were explored by combining "graft-through" and "graft-from" polymerization methods.
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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (433 download)
Download or read book El Revisor de los Suministros por D.A.B.L. [Badajoz y Febrero 22 de 1813] written by and published by . This book was released on 1813 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Werner Krause
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 354045733X
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (44 download)
Download or read book Contrast Agents I written by Werner Krause and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-07-01 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extracellular MRI and X-ray contrast agents are characterized by their phar- cokinetic behaviour.After intravascular injection their plasma-level time curve is characeterized by two phases. The agents are rapidly distributed between plasma and interstitial spaces followed by renal elimination with a terminal half-live of approximatly 1–2 hours. They are excreted via the kidneys in unchanged form by glomerular filtration. Extracellular water-soluble contrast agents to be applied for X-ray imaging were introduced into clinical practice in 1923. Since that time they have proved to be most valuable tools in diagnostics.They contain iodine as the element of choice with a sufficiently high atomic weight difference to organic tissue. As positive contrast agents their attenuation of radiation is higher compared with the attenuation of the surrounding tissue. By this contrast enhancement X-ray diagnostics could be improved dramatically. In 2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid derivatives iodine is firmly bound. Nowadays diamides of the 2,4,6-triiodo-5-acylamino-isophthalic acid like iopromide (Ultravist, Fig. 1) are used as non-ionic (neutral) X-ray contrast agents in most cases [1].
Author : Carlos Bárcena
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (231 download)
Download or read book Novel Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles as MRI Contrast Agents written by Carlos Bárcena and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, magnetic nanoparticles have played an increasing role in biomedical applications and have been the subject of extensive research investigations. Physical properties, including nanoparticle size, composition and surface chemistry, vary widely and influence their biological and pharmacological properties and, ultimately, their clinical applications and utilities. Among different magnetic nanoparticles, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs) were found non-toxic and used in multiple applications including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, molecular and cellular imaging, and potential therapeutic options. Herein, a mixed spinel strategy was devised to increase the magnetization of SPIO by incorporation of non-magnetic Zn 2+ . Addition of a normal spinel (ZnFe 2 O 4) to an inverse spinel (Fe 3 O 4) results in a magnetic disorder which leads to increased magnetization. Hydrophobic Zn x Fe 1-x O Fe 2 O 3 (x = 0.34) nanoparticles encapsulated in polymeric micelles exhibited increased T 2 relaxivity and sensitivity of detection over commercially used Feridex ® sample. The superb MR relaxivity of these Zn-SPIO nanoparticles and stability of micellar carriers make them excellent candidates for in vivo MR imaging of cancer.
Author : Hanlin Ou
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832540937
Total Pages : 109 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)
Download or read book Recent Advances in the Design of Novel Polymer Nanoagents for Cancer Theranostics written by Hanlin Ou and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-12-14 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Liang Du
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)
Download or read book Multifunctional Polymer Platform as Ligand and MRI Contrast Agent for Inorganic Nanocrystals written by Liang Du and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The unique physical and optical properties of inorganic nanocrystals have generated tremendous interest over the past two decades. They have been extensively studied to prepare photovoltaic devices and diagnostic tools. Luminescent quantum dots, gold nanomaterials and iron oxide nanoparticles have found promising success in a broad range of areas including light-emitting diodes, therapeutic tomography, photodynamic therapy drug delivery and magnetic resonance imaging. However, most of the as-prepared nanoparticles are stabilized by hydrophobic coordinating ligands which impede their biological applications. In this dissertation, we summarize the application of poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PIMA) polymer platform to prepare biocompatible nanomaterials as well as MRI contrast agents. In chapter 2, we designed a new set of multi-coordinating polymer ligands based on the phosphonate anchoring motif and applied them for the surface coating of luminescent quantum dots, gold nanoparticles and iron oxide nanoparticles alike. The ligand is synthesized via nucleophilic addition reaction between poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride) and amine-modified phosphonate derivatives and short polyethylene glycol hydrophilic blocks, which allows the flexibility to tune the architecture and stoichiometry of the final compound. We find that these phosphonate-based polymers exhibit strong coordinating affinity to ZnS-overcoated quantum dots (QDs), Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) as well as iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), yielding nanocrystal dispersions that exhibit good colloidal stability for all three systems. The affinity of these ligands is also preserved when additional coordinating groups are introduced, such as imidazoles. Furthermore, the resulting polymer-coated nanocrystals are easily functionalized with reactive groups, introduced along the polymer chain during synthesis. They are compact enough to allow implementation of resonance energy transfer coupling of luminescent QDs to proximal dyes. Affinity between the ligands and gold nanoparticle surfaces was compared to that of thiol groups using NaCN digestion tests. In Chapter 3, we designed a novel set of polymeric multicoordinating ligands based on the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) anchoring molecules and applied them for stabilizing luminescent quantum dots in aqueous media. The ligand is synthesized via nucleophilic addition reaction between amine-appended imidazole/poly(ethylene glycol) compounds and poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PIMA), which yields coordinating ligands with tunable number of lateral motifs. We find that these NHC-based polymers exhibit fast and robust coordinating affinity to CdSe QDs overcoated with ZnS shells. The removal of pristine coating and the generation of carbene are demonstrated by NMR techniques. 13C and HMBC NMR spectroscopy also confirm the existence of the carbene-carbon which is crucial for binding the transition-metals on QD surfaces. These QDs exhibit essentially identical absorption and emission features before and after the cap exchange, and their compact architecture is demonstrated by diffusion ordered NMR spectroscopy. Agarose gel electrophoresis measurements indicate that the polymer coating imparts the QDs good compatibility in different pH, and it prevents protein adsorption. Excellent colloidal stability of these QD samples is observed in a wide range of competitive conditions over extended period of time. In Chapter 4, we detail the design of a set of polymeric contrast agents used for 19F magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI). The agent is synthesized via a nucleophilic addition reaction between poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride) and amine-appended fluorinated precursors and short polyethylene glycol (PEG) coils, which permits the tunability of the stoichiometric architecture. We find that introducing PEG moieties to ~70% of the repeating units on the polymers is essential for balancing the hydrophobic feature of fluorine groups. We show that the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the contrast agents is highly dependent on the arm-length between the polymer scaffold and the magnetic responding CF3 groups. A series of lateral fluorinated chains with different lengths are installed onto the polymers, and extended transverse relaxation time (T2) is observed from the agents with long arm-lengths. Data from Diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) indicate that using a pegylated arm between the macromolecule and CF3 groups does not greatly increase the hydrodynamic size of the resulting contrast agents. The effectiveness of inserting the arm is also confirmed by phantom images collected from agent dispersions with different concentrations. In Chapter 5, we provide a summary of the versatility of PIMA platform and discuss the outlook of these multifunctional polymeric molecules.
Author : Shing-Chung Cheung
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781374701670
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Novel Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Shing-Chung Cheung and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Potential Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents the development of novel formulations on the basis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Optimization of the synthesis route resulted in the development of particles meeting general requirements for eventual applications. Furthermore, the selection of appropriate stabilizing agents imparted the nanoparticles with beneficial features, making an in vivo application possible. In doing so, the formulations seem to be especially promising for the application as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. Chapter 1 gives a brief insight into current research in the field of magnetic nanoparticles. While the originally promoted idea of dragging nanoparticles to the site of action by a massive external field is becoming less important, the use of magnetic carriers as single and multifunctional imaging agents is gaining in importance. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with optimal properties for MRI contrast enhancement and the comparative assessment of polymeric macromolecules as stabilizers for such nanoparticles. It was revealed that particles covered by poly(ethylene imine)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) performed better than their poly(ethylene imine) counterparts, in terms of stability and cytotoxicity. The systems containing the former polymer showed pronounced colloidal stability even in protein-rich cell media. In addition, cytotoxicity was reduced by more than an order of magnitude. In this respect, the assumptions made in the run-up to the studies have found confirmation. Indeed, the introduction of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) moieties to the polymer backbone positively manipulated the above properties. In addition, the physicochemical properties of the generated iron oxide nanoparticles were found to be excellent, despite the simplicity of the synthesis procedure. The iron oxide cores displayed high crystallinity, high saturation magnetization and superparamagnetic features. The polymer-coated nanopartic.
Author : Costica Caizer
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119754674
Total Pages : 516 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)
Download or read book Magnetic Nanoparticles in Human Health and Medicine written by Costica Caizer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-11-22 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic Nanoparticles in Human Health and Medicine Explores the application of magnetic nanoparticles in drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, and alternative cancer therapy Magnetic Nanoparticles in Human Health and Medicine addresses recent progress in improving diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and using non-invasive and non-toxic magnetic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and magnetic hyperthermia. Focusing on cancer diagnosis and alternative therapy, the book covers both fundamental principles and advanced theoretical and experimental research on the magnetic properties, biocompatibilization, biofunctionalization, and application of magnetic nanoparticles in nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine. Chapters written by a panel of international specialists in the field of magnetic nanoparticles and their applications in biomedicine cover magnetic hyperthermia (MHT), MRI contrast agents, biomedical imaging, modeling and simulation, nanobiotechnology, toxicity issues, and more. Readers are provided with accurate information on the use of magnetic nanoparticles in diagnosis, drug delivery, and alternative cancer therapeutics—featuring discussion of current problems, proposed solutions, and future research directions. Topics include current applications of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in nanomedicine and alternative cancer therapy: drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, superparamagnetic hyperthermia as alternative cancer therapy, magnetic hyperthermia in clinical trials, and simulating the physics of magnetic particle heating for cancer therapy. This comprehensive volume: Covers both general research on magnetic nanoparticles in medicine and specific applications in cancer therapeutics Discusses the use of magnetic nanoparticles in alternative cancer therapy by magnetic and superparamagnetic hyperthermia Explores targeted medication delivery using magnetic nanoparticles as a future replacement of conventional techniques Reviews the use of MRI with magnetic nanoparticles to increase the diagnostic accuracy of medical imaging Magnetic Nanoparticles in Human Health and Medicine is a valuable resource for researchers in the fields of nanomagnetism, magnetic nanoparticles, nanobiomaterials, nanobioengineering, biopharmaceuticals nanobiotechnologies, nanomedicine, and biopharmaceuticals, particularly those focused on alternative cancer diagnosis and therapeutics.
Author : Marco Essig
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 1455749788
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (557 download)
Download or read book MR Contrast Agents, An Issue of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics written by Marco Essig and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2012-11-28 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MRI contrast agents improve visibility of internal body structures. This issue offers a complete, practically focused review of the use of a variety of contrast agents for MR Imaging. A contrast agent not only must be safe, but also efficacious and cost-effective, and the articles in this issue address all three of these concerns and the uses of contrast agents for a variety of applications.
Author : Andre S. Merbach
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118503678
Total Pages : 514 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (185 download)
Download or read book The Chemistry of Contrast Agents in Medical Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Andre S. Merbach and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-19 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the most important tools in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research. The number of MRI scanners operating around the world is estimated to be approximately 20,000, and the development of contrast agents, currently used in about a third of the 50 million clinical MRI examinations performed every year, has largely contributed to this significant achievement. This completely revised and extended second edition: Includes new chapters on targeted, responsive, PARACEST and nanoparticle MRI contrast agents. Covers the basic chemistries, MR physics and the most important techniques used by chemists in the characterization of MRI agents from every angle from synthesis to safety considerations. Is written for all of those involved in the development and application of contrast agents in MRI. Presented in colour, it provides readers with true representation and easy interpretation of the images. A word from the Authors: Twelve years after the first edition published, we are convinced that the chemistry of MRI agents has a bright future. By assembling all important information on the design principles and functioning of magnetic resonance imaging probes, this book intends to be a useful tool for both experts and newcomers in the field. We hope that it helps inspire further work in order to create more efficient and specific imaging probes that will allow materializing the dream of seeing even deeper and better inside the living organisms. Reviews of the First Edition: "...attempts, for the first time, to review the whole spectrum of involved chemical disciplines in this technique..."—Journal of the American Chemical Society "...well balanced in its scope and attention to detail...a valuable addition to the library of MR scientists..."—NMR in Biomedicine
Author : Eric T. Ahrens
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1040146856
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)
Download or read book Fluorine Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Eric T. Ahrens and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-10-11 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Image-based biomarkers that report on specific cell phenotypes in the body are highly valued for disease detection and monitoring cytotherapies. Towards this need, there is sustained scientific interest in fluorine-19 (19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for in vivo molecular–cellular imaging applications. The attraction of 19F tracer MRI is its ability to produce pure ‘hot-spot’ images, an absence of false-positive signals, robust quantification, and tracer safety. For molecular–cellular applications, fluorine MRI does not require a pre-scan prior to tracer administration, thus offering several advantages over metal–ion-based proton (1H) contrast-agent approaches. Key applications of 19F MRI include cell tracking, inflammation detection, and biosensing. Fluorinated imaging tracers can also serve as therapeutic agents or drug-delivery vehicles. Over the past decade, the field of 19F MRI has seen remarkable innovation in tracer designs and detection methods as well as the realization of its clinical potential. This book is an interdisciplinary compendium detailing cutting-edge science and biomedical research in the emerging field of 19F MRI and includes technical issues, such as pulse sequence considerations and limits of detection of the techniques; synthesis of novel 19F MRI tracer agents; inflammation, cancer, and stroke imaging; regenerative brain repair; theranostic nanomedicine; and clinical perspectives. The book will appeal to investigators involved in MRI physics, biomedicine, immunology, pharmacology, and probe chemistry as well as general readers.
Author : Nicholas J. Darton
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107031095
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Magnetic Nanoparticles in Biosensing and Medicine written by Nicholas J. Darton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing together topics from a wide range of disciplines, and featuring up-to-date examples of clinical usage and research applications, this text provides a comprehensive insight into the fundamentals of magnetic biosensors and the applications of magnetic nanoparticles in medicine.
