Northern Europe and the Making of the EU's Mediterranean and Middle East Policies

Download Northern Europe and the Making of the EU's Mediterranean and Middle East Policies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317086554
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Northern Europe and the Making of the EU's Mediterranean and Middle East Policies by : Timo Behr

Download or read book Northern Europe and the Making of the EU's Mediterranean and Middle East Policies written by Timo Behr and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-23 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What drives European foreign policy towards the wider Mediterranean and Middle East region? This collection takes an innovative approach to answering this question, by considering the impact of intra-European divisions on European polices towards this crucial region. European foreign policy has traditionally been defined by a clear division of labour: southern European member states take the lead in the EU’s southern neighbourhood, while central and northern European countries drive policies in the EU’s eastern neighbourhood. The resulting north-south split has entrenched geo-clientalistic behaviour as a core principle of EU foreign policy-making and has fuelled a static intra-European competition over influence and resources. However, as European power dynamics shift, these old divisions no longer hold and northern and central European countries have been pushed towards a more pro-active role in the region. But what factors are shaping the foreign policies of these countries in the Mediterranean and Middle East? What has been their contribution to common EU polices? And does their growing activism signal an end to old geo-clientalistic division as a core driver of European foreign policy?

Resisting Europe

Download Resisting Europe PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 0472132156
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (721 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Resisting Europe by : Raffaella A. Del Sarto

Download or read book Resisting Europe written by Raffaella A. Del Sarto and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2020-10-13 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resisting Europe conceptualizes the foreign policies of Europe—defined as the European Union and its member states—toward the states in its immediate southern “neighborhood” as semi-imperial attempts to turn these states into Europe’s southern buffer zone, or borderlands. In these hybrid spaces, different types of rules and practices coexist and overlap, and negotiations over meaning and implementation take place. This book examines the diverse modalities by which states in the Mediterranean Middle East and North Africa (MENA) reject, resist, challenge, modify, or entirely change European policies and preferences and provides rich empirical evidence of these contestation practices in the fields of migration and border control, banking and finance, democracy promotion and telecommunications. It addresses the complex question of when and how MENA states capitalize on their leverage and interdependence in their relationships with Europe and contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of Europe-Middle East relations, while engaging with broader debates on power and interdependence, order and contestation in international relations. While a contribution on the practices of resistance and contestation of MENA states vis-à-vis European policies and preferences in this geopolitically significant region was overdue, this volume leads the way for subsequent studies that seek to overcome the constraints of exceptionalism so characteristic of research of the Middle East, Europe/the European Union, and certainly of their relationship.

Borderlands

Download Borderlands PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192570110
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Borderlands by : Raffaella A. Del Sarto

Download or read book Borderlands written by Raffaella A. Del Sarto and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-15 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Borderlands: Europe and the Mediterranean Middle East proposes a profound rethink of the complex relationship between Europe-defined here as the European Union and its members-and the states of the Mediterranean Middle East and North Africa (MENA), Europe's 'southern neighbours'. These relations are examined through a borderlands prism that conceives of this interaction as of one between an empire of sorts, which seeks to export its order beyond the border, and the empire's southern borderlands. Focusing on trade relations on the one hand, and the cooperation on migration, borders, and security on the other, the book revisits the historical origins and modalities of Europe's selective rule transfer to MENA states, the interests underwriting these policies, and the complex dynamics marking the interaction between the two sides over a twenty-year period (1995-2015). It shows that within a system of structurally asymmetric economic relations from which Europe and MENA elites benefit the most, single MENA governments have been co-opted into the management of border and migration control where they act as Europe's gatekeepers. Combined with specific policy choices of MENA governments, Europe's selective expansion of its rules, practices, and disaggregated borders have in fact contributed to rising socio-economic inequalities and the strengthening of authoritarian rule in the 'southern neighbourhood', with Europe tacitly tolerating serious violations of the rights of refugees and migrants at its fringes. Challenging the self-proclaimed benevolent nature of European policies and the notion of 'Fortress Europe' alike, the findings of this study contribute to broader debates on power, dependence, and interdependence in the discipline of International Relations.

The Remaking of the Euro-Mediterranean Vision

Download The Remaking of the Euro-Mediterranean Vision PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Global Politics and Security
ISBN 13 : 9783034338172
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (381 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Remaking of the Euro-Mediterranean Vision by : Aybars Görgülü

Download or read book The Remaking of the Euro-Mediterranean Vision written by Aybars Görgülü and published by Global Politics and Security. This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The findings and policy recommendations presented in the book aim to contribute to making EU policies more responsive to major challenges in the region, more flexible on the multilateral and the bilateral level and more inclusive of key stakeholders.

Political Change in the Middle East and North Africa

Download Political Change in the Middle East and North Africa PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Edinburgh University Press
ISBN 13 : 1474415296
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (744 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Political Change in the Middle East and North Africa by : Inmaculada Szmolka

Download or read book Political Change in the Middle East and North Africa written by Inmaculada Szmolka and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-29 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking a comparative approach, this book considers the ways in which political regimes have changed since the Arab Spring. It addresses a series of questions about political change in the context of the revolutions, upheavals and protests that have taken place in North Africa and the Arab Middle East since December 2010, and looks at the various processes have been underway in the region: democratisation (Tunisia), failed democratic transitions (Egypt, Libya and Yemen), political liberalisation (Morocco) and increased authoritarianism (Bahrain, Kuwait, Syria). In other countries, in contrast to these changes, the authoritarian regimes remain intact (Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Arab United Emirates.

Routledge Handbook of Mediterranean Politics

Download Routledge Handbook of Mediterranean Politics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131744633X
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Routledge Handbook of Mediterranean Politics by : Richard Gillespie

Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Mediterranean Politics written by Richard Gillespie and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-08-14 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mediterranean space, defined by a major sea, a large number of littoral countries and to some extent their hinterlands, is at the same time an interface between Europe, Africa and Asia. This brings complex challenges in terms of achieving peace and stability. Recently it has received intense international attention through the internal destructiveness and spill-over from conflicts, primarily those waged in Libya, Syria and, more remotely, Iraq. This Handbook provides an overview of the political processes that shape the Mediterranean region in the contemporary context. It explores the issues of crucial importance to Mediterranean dynamics through a series of analytical sections that guide the reader towards a comprehensive understanding of the main regional interactions and trends. The Handbook explores: the complex historical formation of the contemporary Mediterranean geopolitical perspectives issues around peace and conflict the political economy of the region the role of non-state actors and social movements societal and cultural trends. The wide range of contributions from many of the leading academic experts on the region offers not only insights into the debates and processes that structure each theme, but also key pointers for a more general understanding of how distinct political, economic, social and cultural dynamics interact across the region. It will therefore be a key resource for policy-makers and students and scholars of Mediterranean politics and international relations.

Northern Europe and the Making of the EU's Mediterranean and Middle East Policies

Download Northern Europe and the Making of the EU's Mediterranean and Middle East Policies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317086562
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Northern Europe and the Making of the EU's Mediterranean and Middle East Policies by : Timo Behr

Download or read book Northern Europe and the Making of the EU's Mediterranean and Middle East Policies written by Timo Behr and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-23 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What drives European foreign policy towards the wider Mediterranean and Middle East region? This collection takes an innovative approach to answering this question, by considering the impact of intra-European divisions on European polices towards this crucial region. European foreign policy has traditionally been defined by a clear division of labour: southern European member states take the lead in the EU’s southern neighbourhood, while central and northern European countries drive policies in the EU’s eastern neighbourhood. The resulting north-south split has entrenched geo-clientalistic behaviour as a core principle of EU foreign policy-making and has fuelled a static intra-European competition over influence and resources. However, as European power dynamics shift, these old divisions no longer hold and northern and central European countries have been pushed towards a more pro-active role in the region. But what factors are shaping the foreign policies of these countries in the Mediterranean and Middle East? What has been their contribution to common EU polices? And does their growing activism signal an end to old geo-clientalistic division as a core driver of European foreign policy?

Intercultural Dialogue in EU Foreign Policy

Download Intercultural Dialogue in EU Foreign Policy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351582275
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Intercultural Dialogue in EU Foreign Policy by : Pietro de Perini

Download or read book Intercultural Dialogue in EU Foreign Policy written by Pietro de Perini and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-05 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an original, rigorous and theoretically-grounded investigation into varying EU efforts to advance intercultural dialogue (ICD) in the framework of its foreign policy towards the Mediterranean during the period 1990-2014. From the end of the Cold War, the EU has increasingly invested in both rhetoric and resources on ICD promotion. In spite of this commitment, the EU has never offered a clear and permanent understanding of what this concept entails and has been actually aimed at. By adopting a FPA standpoint and approaching ICD as one of the foreign policy instruments developed by the EU to address the relations with its Mediterranean partners, this book exposes the causes and the modalities of the contradictory development of this relevant and long standing element of EU foreign policy. De Perini investigates change and continuity in the promotion of this tool, and provides in-depth knowledge of what ICD has actually meant for the EU: from the development and launch of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership or Barcelona Process, to the revision of the European Neighbourhood Policy following the Arab uprisings. The book shows that the EU’s advancement of ICD in its foreign policy has gone through three distinct phases: ‘emergence’ (1990-2001), ‘consolidation’ (2001-2010) and ‘professionalisation’ (2010-2014). Empirically the book provides the first comprehensive and integrative analysis of all aspects of EU efforts to promote ICD. The book exposes a series of trends, limits and contradictions of EU foreign policy which are increasingly relevant today. In particular, it shows that over the last twenty-five years, the EU has addressed a set of persistent challenges characterising its relations with Mediterranean countries and people, namely challenges connected to regional conflicts, religious fundamentalisms, xenophobic attitudes towards Arab/Muslim migrants and related social tensions. As these challenges are still major issues in the current EU agenda and in the broader debate about EU foreign policy, this book provides rich and original empirical knowledge to an understanding of how the EU has decided to address these phenomena at different moments of its recent history.

Routledge Handbook of International Relations in the Middle East

Download Routledge Handbook of International Relations in the Middle East PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351859528
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Routledge Handbook of International Relations in the Middle East by : Shahram Akbarzadeh

Download or read book Routledge Handbook of International Relations in the Middle East written by Shahram Akbarzadeh and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-26 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook examines the regional and international dynamics of the Middle East. It challenges the state society dichotomy to make sense of decision-making and behavior by ruling regimes. The 33 chapter authors include the world’s leading scholars of the Middle East and International Relations (IR) in order to make sense of the region. This synthesis of area studies expertise and IR theory provides a unique and rigorous account of the region’s current dynamics, which have reached a crisis point since the beginning of the Arab Spring. The Middle East has been characterized by volatility for more than a century. Although the region attracts significant scholarly interest, IR theory has rarely been used as a tool to understand events. The constructivist approach in IR highlights the significance of state identity, shaped by history and culture, in making sense of international relations. The authors of this volume consider how IR theory can elucidate the patterns and principles that shape the region, in order to provide a rigorous account of the contemporary challenges of the Middle East. The Routledge Handbook of International Relations in the Middle East provides comprehensive coverage of International Relations issues in the region. Thus, it offers key resources for researchers and students interested in International Relations and the Middle East.

The Routledge Handbook on the European Neighbourhood Policy

Download The Routledge Handbook on the European Neighbourhood Policy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317429524
Total Pages : 788 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook on the European Neighbourhood Policy by : Tobias Schumacher

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook on the European Neighbourhood Policy written by Tobias Schumacher and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-12-06 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook on the European Neighbourhood Policy provides a comprehensive overview of the EU’s most important foreign policy instrument, provided by leading experts in the field. Coherently structured and adopting a multidisciplinary approach, this handbook covers the most important themes, developments and dynamics in the EU’s neighbourhood policy framework through a series of cutting-edge contributions. With chapters from a substantial number of scholars who have been influential in shaping the study of the ENP, this handbook serves to encourage debates which will hopefully produce more conceptual as well as neighbourhood-specific perspectives leading to enriching future studies on the EU’s policies towards its neighbourhood. It will be a key reference point both for advanced-level students, scholars and professionals developing knowledge in the fields of EU/European Studies, European Foreign Policy Analysis, Area studies, EU law, and more broadly in political economy, political science, comparative politics and international relations.

Group Politics in UN Multilateralism

Download Group Politics in UN Multilateralism PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004384448
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (43 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Group Politics in UN Multilateralism by :

Download or read book Group Politics in UN Multilateralism written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 2020 Friends of ACUNS Biennial Book Award Group Politics in UN Multilateralism provides a new perspective on diplomacy and negotiations at the United Nations. Very few states ‘act individually’ at the UN; instead they often work within groups such as the Africa Group, the European Union or the Arab League. States use groups to put forward principled positions in an attempt to influence a wider audience and thus legitimize desired outcomes. Yet the volume also shows that groups are not static: new groups emerge in multilateral negotiations on issues such as climate, security and human rights. At any given moment, UN multilateralism is shaped by long-standing group dynamics as well as shifting, ad-hoc groupings. These intergroup dynamics are key to understanding diplomatic practice at the UN.

The European Union and Its Eastern Neighbourhood

Download The European Union and Its Eastern Neighbourhood PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000483657
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The European Union and Its Eastern Neighbourhood by : Andriy Tyushka

Download or read book The European Union and Its Eastern Neighbourhood written by Andriy Tyushka and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-11-29 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume brings together some of the most important scholarly perspectives – in the form of both journal article reprints and original contributions – on the structure and dynamics of the EU’s multi-layered relations with its Eastern neighbours within the Eastern Partnership (EaP) framework and beyond. In May 2019, the EU’s EaP – an ambitious and sophisticated policy framework, conjoining elements of cooperation and integration, with the EU’s six eastern neighbours, i.e. Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan – turned ten years. This anniversary, in conjunction with repeatedly voiced critique by scholars and policy-makers alike regarding the framework’s effectiveness and utility, led the EU to submit the EaP to a fundamental auditing and revision. Structured around both enduring and emerging issues in the broader EU-Eastern neighbourhood framework, this book provides a retrospective analysis of key structural and relational challenges, unfolding regional dynamics, distinctive forms of bilateral/multilateral engagement, whilst also offering a critical perspective on the contested future relations between the EU and its Eastern neighbours. Looking backwards and providing a critical and thorough assessment of the first ten years of the EaP in practice, this book thinks forward and gauges its many potential future avenues. This comes at a crucial moment, as the EU and its six Eastern neighbours are in search of new and mutually acceptable forms of association.

Democracy in Southern Europe

Download Democracy in Southern Europe PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1786735598
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Democracy in Southern Europe by : Isabelle Calleja Ragonesi

Download or read book Democracy in Southern Europe written by Isabelle Calleja Ragonesi and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2019-02-28 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How have Malta and Cyprus - both EU members – transitioned from colonial island states to independent democracies? With the assistance of primary documentation this book traces the difficult path of these two states to becoming independent liberal democracies by using the pathway of democratization through decolonization. Using socio-economic and political data, analysed through the microscope of political science and international relations theories, Isabelle Calleja Ragonesi charts the progress of the two islands in the context of a number of four distinct phases. Firstly decolonization, independence and achieving the status of procedural democracies; secondly post-colonial independence consolidating democracy and regime breakdown; thirdly sovereign nation-state status and second attempts at consolidating democracy and finally attempting to reach substantive democracy status and EU membership. The study of these two states is contextualized within the context of democratization in Southern Europe and the cases of Malta and Cyprus provide new insights on the region for scholars of political science and international institutions.

Crisis and change in European Union foreign policy

Download Crisis and change in European Union foreign policy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 152615563X
Total Pages : 163 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (261 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Crisis and change in European Union foreign policy by : Nikki Ikani

Download or read book Crisis and change in European Union foreign policy written by Nikki Ikani and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2021-10-26 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do crises produce changes in specific European Union foreign policy areas, and how should we conceptualise these policy changes? This book provides a novel analytical framework that serves to investigate the way in which the EU changes its foreign policy after crisis. Ikani adapts the existing theorising of foreign policy change to a single framework applicable to the EU context, providing readers with a toolbox to both explain the process of change and measure the policy change that follows. The framework is developed through an investigation of two important EU foreign policy change episodes, taking place after the Arab uprisings and the Ukraine conflict, and test-driven in three recent cases of EU foreign policy change after crisis. The volume presents a novel typology of EU foreign policy change, advancing on the fields of foreign policy analysis, public policy studies and International Relations. In doing so, it explains both the decision-making process leading to policy change, and the variation in change outcomes following this process. Further to offering those researching the EU foreign policy response to crisis with timely and empirically rich accounts of five recent change episodes, this book adds to the literature by suggesting two forms of EU foreign policy change, symbolic change and constructive ambiguity, which unlike previously argued form frequent and important outcomes of the decision-making process.

The Foreign Policy of the European Union

Download The Foreign Policy of the European Union PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350930490
Total Pages : 481 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (59 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Foreign Policy of the European Union by : Stephan Keukeleire

Download or read book The Foreign Policy of the European Union written by Stephan Keukeleire and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2022-02-10 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keukeleire and Delreux demonstrate the scope and diversity of the European Union's foreign policy, showing that EU foreign policy is broader than the Common Foreign and Security Policy and the Common Security and Defence Policy, and that areas such as trade, development, environment and energy are inextricable elements of it. This book offers a comprehensive and critical account of the EU's key foreign relations – with its neighbourhood, with the US, China and Russia, and with emerged powers – and argues that the EU's foreign policy needs to be understood not only as a response to crises and conflicts, but also as a means of shaping international structures and influencing long-term processes. This third edition reflects recent changes and trends in EU foreign policy as well as the international context in which it operates, addressing issues such as the increasingly contested international order, the conflict in Ukraine, the migration and refugee crisis, Brexit and Covid-19. The book not only clarifies the formal procedures in EU foreign policy-making but also elucidates how it works in practice. The third edition includes new sections and boxes on 'strategic autonomy', European arms exports, the EU's external representation, the 'Brussels Effect', and decentring and gender approaches to EU foreign policy. Up to date, jargon-free and supported by its own website (eufp.eu), this systematic and innovative appraisal of this key policy area is suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as practitioners.

The Foreign Policy of the European Union

Download The Foreign Policy of the European Union PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815722524
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Foreign Policy of the European Union by : Federiga M. Bindi

Download or read book The Foreign Policy of the European Union written by Federiga M. Bindi and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Explores European foreign policy and the degree of European Union success in proposing itself as a valid international actor, drawing from the expertise of scholars and practitioners in many disciplines. Addresses issues past and present, theoretical and practice-oriented, and country- and region-specific"-- Provided by publisher.

The SAGE Handbook of European Foreign Policy

Download The SAGE Handbook of European Foreign Policy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1473914434
Total Pages : 1081 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (739 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The SAGE Handbook of European Foreign Policy by : Knud Erik Jorgensen

Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of European Foreign Policy written by Knud Erik Jorgensen and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2015-04-30 with total page 1081 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last two decades the study of European foreign policy has experienced remarkable growth, presumably reflecting a more significant international role of the European Union. The Union has significantly expanded its policy portfolio and though empty symbolic politics still exists, the Union’s international relations have become more substantial and its foreign policy more focused. European foreign policy has become a dynamic policy area, being adapted to changing challenges and environments, such as the Arab Spring, new emerging economies/powers; the crisis of multilateralism and much more. The SAGE Handbook of European Foreign Policy, Two-Volume set, is a major reference work for Foreign Policy Programmes around the world. The Handbook is designed to be accessible to graduate and postgraduate students in a wide variety of disciplines across the humanities and social sciences. Both volumes are structured to address areas of critical concern to scholars at the cutting edge of all major dimensions of foreign policy. The volumes are composed of original chapters written specifically to the following themes: · Research traditions and historical experience · Theoretical perspectives · EU actors · State actors · Societal actors · The politics of European foreign policy · Bilateral relations · Relations with multilateral institutions · Individual policies · Transnational challenges The Handbook will be an essential reference for both advanced students and scholars.