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Author : Eastern Research Group, Inc
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9782897001018
Total Pages : 79 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)
Download or read book North American Black Carbon Emissions Estimation Guidelines written by Eastern Research Group, Inc and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9782897001018
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)
Download or read book North American Black Carbon Emissions Estimation Guidelines written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The information contained herein is the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the views of the CEC, or the governments of Canada, Mexico or the United States of America. [...] While the BC emission inventories cover the breadth of important emission sources and provide complete estimates of BC emissions in the United States, the inventory method in the report generally focuses on how BC emissions were derived from existing PM inventories. [...] US National Emissions Inventory Understanding the methods and data sources for the US BC emission inventory requires understanding the methods and sources for the PM estimates in the NEI. [...] Mexico National Emissions Inventory For those sectors not included in the SNAP report, but considered significant sources of BC in either the European guidance or the US Report to Congress, the team reviewed the results of the 2008 NEI for Mexico, developed by the Secretariat of the Environment and Natural Resources (Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales-Semarnat). [...] The process for adapting the tiers to North America depended on the evaluation of Canadian, Mexican, and United States methods and data sources compared to the EMEP/EEA tiers.
Author :
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 928934038X
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (893 download)
Download or read book Improved emission inventories of SLCP written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2015-04-23 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emission inventories of Short Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCP), and especially of Black Carbon (BC), are uncertain and not always comparable. Comparable and reliable emission inventories are essential when aiming for efficient strategies and policies for reduced emissions. This report presents the Nordic emissions and emission inventories of SLCP, the important emission sources and their development over time. It also discusses knowledge gaps, factors contributing to the uncertainties, and possibilities for improved emission estimates. The overall objective of the three-year project is to improve the Nordic emission inventories of Short Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCP), with a focus on Black Carbon (BC). This report presents the results from the first phase of the project, an analysis of the present status of knowledge, with focus on BC and particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions from residential biomass combustion, on-road and non-road diesel vehicles, and shipping. The next phase will draw on the results from this background analysis in designing and implementing an emission measurement program, where the objective is to expand the knowledge and develop well documented and reliable emission factors, primarily for BC, for use in future national emission inventories.
Author :
Publisher : World Business Pub.
ISBN 13 : 9781569735688
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (356 download)
Download or read book The Greenhouse Gas Protocol written by and published by World Business Pub.. This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard helps companies and other organizations to identify, calculate, and report GHG emissions. It is designed to set the standard for accurate, complete, consistent, relevant and transparent accounting and reporting of GHG emissions.
Author : Andersen, Jes Sig
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9289346736
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (893 download)
Download or read book A Protocol for Black Carbon Emissions written by Andersen, Jes Sig and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2016-08-29 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This protocol was developed and subsequently tested in 2012-2015 by Nordic test and research institutes, with Danish Technological Institute (DTI) as project manager. This protocol describes a potential standardized procedure for measurements of BC (Black Carbon) in terms of both EC (Elemental Carbon) and OC (Organic Carbon) from residential wood burning stoves. Such a standardized test can then be used for voluntary eco-labeling of wood stoves, and by manufacturers interested in testing and developing extremely low-emission, low-black carbon, “climate-friendly” stoves. This testing protocol is part of a project supported by the Nordic Council of Ministers and the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC), and implemented by the International Cryosphere Climate Initiative (ICCI).
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9782897001032
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Lignes directrices relatives à l'évaluation des émissions de carbone noir en Amérique du Nord written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: À partir de ces travaux initiaux et de l'apport du groupe d'experts, les lignes directrices ont été compilées de manière à recommander des sources précises de facteurs d'émission, de données sur l'activité et de facteurs de spéciation, dans le but de fournir suffisamment de détails pour permettre aux concepteurs des inventaires en Amérique du Nord de dresser des inventaires des émissions de carbon [...] Ces lignes directrices, qui constituent le présent document, fournissent un ensemble uniforme de méthodes visant à améliorer la précision des estimations des émissions de CN en Amérique du Nord, de sorte qu'il soit possible de dresser des inventaires fiables et cohérents permettant de fixer les niveaux de référence et des mesures de réduction prioritaires en fonction des catégories de sources ou d [...] Pour les méthodes de niveau 1, un tableau des facteurs d'émission et de spéciation recommandés est fourni pour chaque sous-secteur dans l'annexe B. Les lignes directrices traitent aussi de questions relatives à la validation et au niveau d'incertitude des inventaires, ainsi que de pratiques exemplaires de gestion de données et de présentation de rapports. [...] Le domaine de recherche le plus important est peut-être celui de l'amélioration des facteurs de spéciation du CN, de manière à tenir compte des propriétés d'absorption de la lumière et à harmoniser le degré de détail de ces facteurs avec celui des facteurs d'émission de PM sous-jacents. [...] Ces lignes directrices avaient pour objet de fournir un ensemble uniforme de méthodes visant à améliorer la précision des évaluations des émissions de CN en Amérique du Nord, de telle sorte qu'il soit possible de dresser des inventaires fiables et cohérents permettant de déterminer des niveaux de référence et des mesures de réduction prioritaires, en fonction des catégories de sources ou des empla.
Author : Jason Blake Cohen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5713 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (94 download)
Download or read book Estimating Global Black Carbon Emissions Using a Top-down Kalman Filter Approach written by Jason Blake Cohen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 5713 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black carbon (BC) is an important aerosol constituent in the atmosphere and climate forcer. A good understanding of the radiative forcing of BC and associated climate feedback and response is critical to minimize the uncertainty in predicting current and future climate influenced by anthropogenic aerosols. One reason for this uncertainty is that current emission inventories of BC are mostly obtained from the so-called bottom-up approach, an approach that derives emissions based on categorized emitting sources and emission factors used to convert burning mass to emissions. In this work, we provide a first global-scale top-down estimation of global BC emissions, as well as an estimated error range, by using a Kalman Filter. This method uses data of both column aerosol absorption optical depth and surface concentrations from global and regional networks to constrain our fully coupled climate-aerosol-urban model and thus to derive an optimized estimate of BC emissions as 17.8±5.6 Tg/yr, a factor of more than 2 higher than commonly used global BC emissions data sets. We further perform 22 additional optimization simulations that incorporate the known uncertain ranges of various important physical, model, and measurement parameters and still yield an optimized value within the above given range, from a low of 14.6 Tg/yr to a high of 22.2 Tg/yr. Furthermore, we show that the emissions difference between our optimized and a priori estimation is not uniform, with East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Eastern Europe underestimated, while North America is overestimated in the a priori inventory.
Author : Linda Allen
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429839626
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (298 download)
Download or read book The Greening of US Free Trade Agreements written by Linda Allen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an up-to-date critical analysis of the integration of environmental policies into US free trade agreements. The work focuses on the evolution of the design of environmental policies and analyzes their effectiveness. Starting with the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) leading to the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), the book examines the history of policy integration. In doing so, it provides an overview of the major trade-related environmental policies and presents empirical research on their effectiveness, a discussion of the continued demand for policy integration in light of the effectiveness, and recommendations for addressing shortcomings. The main objective of the book is to inform the ongoing policy debate over integration of environmental policies into trade agreements. The current renegotiation of NAFTA provides an opportune time for undertaking this critical review of trade-related environmental policies. As our understanding and knowledge of the environmental policies associated with US trade agreements, in particular for NAFTA, has grown significantly over the past twenty-five years, this book provides a timely and critical update for this policy debate. Students and scholars of environmental law, trade and economics, and specifically US trade, environmental policy and law will find this book of great interest.
Author : András Gelencsér
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402028873
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Carbonaceous Aerosol written by András Gelencsér and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-28 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of carbonaceous aerosol has only recently emerged from atmospheric pollution studies; even standard nomenclature and terminology are still unsettled. This monograph is the first to offer comprehensive coverage of the nature and atmospheric role of carbonaceous aerosol particles. Atmospheric chemists, physicists, meteorologists, and modellers will find this a thought-inspiring and sometimes provocative overview of all global phenomena affected by or related to carbonaceous aerosol.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309454204
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)
Download or read book Valuing Climate Damages written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-06-23 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The social cost of carbon (SC-CO2) is an economic metric intended to provide a comprehensive estimate of the net damages - that is, the monetized value of the net impacts, both negative and positive - from the global climate change that results from a small (1-metric ton) increase in carbon-dioxide (CO2) emissions. Under Executive Orders regarding regulatory impact analysis and as required by a court ruling, the U.S. government has since 2008 used estimates of the SC-CO2 in federal rulemakings to value the costs and benefits associated with changes in CO2 emissions. In 2010, the Interagency Working Group on the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases (IWG) developed a methodology for estimating the SC-CO2 across a range of assumptions about future socioeconomic and physical earth systems. Valuing Climate Changes examines potential approaches, along with their relative merits and challenges, for a comprehensive update to the current methodology. This publication also recommends near- and longer-term research priorities to ensure that the SC- CO2 estimates reflect the best available science.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309391458
Total Pages : 73 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)
Download or read book Assessment of Approaches to Updating the Social Cost of Carbon written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-03-26 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The social cost of carbon (SCC) for a given year is an estimate, in dollars, of the present discounted value of the damage caused by a 1-metric ton increase in CO2 emissions into the atmosphere in that year; or equivalently, the benefits of reducing CO2 emissions by the same amount in that given year. The SCC is intended to provide a comprehensive measure of the monetized value of the net damages from global climate change from an additional unit of CO2, including, but not limited to, changes in net agricultural productivity, energy use, human health effects, and property damages from increased flood risk. Federal agencies use the SCC to value the CO2 emissions impacts of various policies including emission and fuel economy standards for vehicles, regulations of industrial air pollutants from industrial manufacturing, emission standards for power plants and solid waste incineration, and appliance energy efficiency standards. There are significant challenges to estimating a dollar value that reflects all the physical, human, ecological, and economic impacts of climate change. Recognizing that the models and scientific data underlying the SCC estimates evolve and improve over time, the federal government made a commitment to provide regular updates to the estimates. To assist with future revisions of the SCC, the Interagency Working Group on the Social Cost of Carbon (IWG) requested the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine complete a study that assessed the merits and challenges of a limited near-term update to the SCC and of a comprehensive update of the SCC to ensure that the estimates reflect the best available science. This interim report focuses on near-term updates to the SCC estimates.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)
Download or read book The North American Carbon Budget and Implications for the Global Carbon Cycle written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accompanying CD-ROM contains full text of book and appendixes. Cf. menu frames of CD-ROM.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309471699
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)
Download or read book Review of the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-06-18 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change poses many challenges that affect society and the natural world. With these challenges, however, come opportunities to respond. By taking steps to adapt to and mitigate climate change, the risks to society and the impacts of continued climate change can be lessened. The National Climate Assessment, coordinated by the U.S. Global Change Research Program, is a mandated report intended to inform response decisions. Required to be developed every four years, these reports provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date evaluation of climate change impacts available for the United States, making them a unique and important climate change document. The draft Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4) report reviewed here addresses a wide range of topics of high importance to the United States and society more broadly, extending from human health and community well-being, to the built environment, to businesses and economies, to ecosystems and natural resources. This report evaluates the draft NCA4 to determine if it meets the requirements of the federal mandate, whether it provides accurate information grounded in the scientific literature, and whether it effectively communicates climate science, impacts, and responses for general audiences including the public, decision makers, and other stakeholders.
Author : Takahiko Hiraishi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789291691401
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (914 download)
Download or read book 2013 Revised Supplementary Methods and Good Practice Guidance Arising from the Kyoto Protocol written by Takahiko Hiraishi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2013 revised supplementary methods and good practice guidance arising from the Kyoto Protocol (KP Supplement) describes the supplementary methods and good practice guidance for measuring, estimating and reporting of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals resulting from land use, land: use change and forestry (LULUCF) activities covered by the Kyoto Protocol (KP) for the second commitment period (CP). This document addresses activities under Article 3.3, Forest Management and elective activities under Article 3.4. The supplementary methods and good practice guidance of this document are relevant to each Party included in Annex I that have ratified the KP for the second CP and for other countries interested in the updated guidance.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309470501
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)
Download or read book Improving Characterization of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-08-25 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding, quantifying, and tracking atmospheric methane and emissions is essential for addressing concerns and informing decisions that affect the climate, economy, and human health and safety. Atmospheric methane is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) that contributes to global warming. While carbon dioxide is by far the dominant cause of the rise in global average temperatures, methane also plays a significant role because it absorbs more energy per unit mass than carbon dioxide does, giving it a disproportionately large effect on global radiative forcing. In addition to contributing to climate change, methane also affects human health as a precursor to ozone pollution in the lower atmosphere. Improving Characterization of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States summarizes the current state of understanding of methane emissions sources and the measurement approaches and evaluates opportunities for methodological and inventory development improvements. This report will inform future research agendas of various U.S. agencies, including NOAA, the EPA, the DOE, NASA, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the National Science Foundation (NSF).
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Assessment of the Comparability of Greenhouse Gas and Black Carbon Emissions Inventories in North America written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Parties to the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC) have a strategic objective to improve the comparability of emissions data, methodologies, and inventories in North America. Improved comparability of greenhouse gas (GHG) and black carbon inventories will enable the Parties to share results and strengthen capacities, while working towards advancing domestic mitigation objectives, standards, regulations, and policies over the next five years. In order to fulfill this goal, the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) has commissioned ICF to assess the comparability of GHG (both national and subnational) and black carbon (BC) inventories across North America"--Executive summary.
Author : Thomas White
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400716702
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Greenhouse Gas Inventories written by Thomas White and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-01 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The assessment of greenhouse gases emitted to and removed from the atmosphere is high on the international political and scientific agendas. Growing international concern and cooperation regarding the climate change problem have increased the need for policy-oriented solutions to the issue of uncertainty in, and related to, inventories of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The approaches to addressing uncertainty discussed here reflect attempts to improve national inventories, not only for their own sake but also from a wider, systems analytical perspective — a perspective that seeks to strengthen the usefulness of national inventories under a compliance and/or global monitoring and reporting framework. These approaches demonstrate the benefits of including inventory uncertainty in policy analyses. The authors of the contributed papers show that considering uncertainty helps avoid situations that can, for example, create a false sense of certainty or lead to invalid views of subsystems. This may eventually prevent related errors from showing up in analyses. However, considering uncertainty does not come for free. Proper treatment of uncertainty is costly and demanding because it forces us to make the step from “simple to complex” and only then to discuss potential simplifications. Finally, comprehensive treatment of uncertainty does not offer policymakers quick and easy solutions.
