Norms Naturalism And Epistemology

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Norms, Naturalism and Epistemology

Author : J. Knowles
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230511260
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Norms, Naturalism and Epistemology by : J. Knowles

Download or read book Norms, Naturalism and Epistemology written by J. Knowles and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-11-04 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the field of epistemology, naturalism holds that there are no a priori norms for guiding our belief-formation: we must start our inquiries in situ , assuming some beliefs and the general reliability of our basic cognitive practices to justify others. Naturalized epistemology seeks to motivate norms for cognitive enquiry on such a naturalistic basis. The author argues that, whilst naturalism must be embraced, this more abmitious project is in vain: to the extent one can justify naturalistic norms, they are not needed for optimal rational belief-formation.

Norms, Naturalism and Epistemology

Author : J. Knowles
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9781403902870
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Norms, Naturalism and Epistemology by : J. Knowles

Download or read book Norms, Naturalism and Epistemology written by J. Knowles and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2003-11-04 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the field of epistemology, naturalism holds that there are no a priori norms for guiding our belief-formation: we must start our inquiries in situ , assuming some beliefs and the general reliability of our basic cognitive practices to justify others. Naturalized epistemology seeks to motivate norms for cognitive enquiry on such a naturalistic basis. The author argues that, whilst naturalism must be embraced, this more abmitious project is in vain: to the extent one can justify naturalistic norms, they are not needed for optimal rational belief-formation.

A Naturalistic Epistemology

Author : Hilary Kornblith
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198712456
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis A Naturalistic Epistemology by : Hilary Kornblith

Download or read book A Naturalistic Epistemology written by Hilary Kornblith and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume collects thirteen papers by Hilary Kornblith on the theme of naturalistic epistemology. These papers present Kornblith's own version of a naturalistic epistemology, together with critical discussion of alternative approaches, including work on foundationalism, the coherence theory of justification, internalism and externalism, social epistemology, the role of intuitions in philosophical theorizing, epistemic normativity, and the ways in whichphilosophical theories may be informed by empirical considerations.

Quine's Naturalism

Author : Paul A. Gregory
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 1441101489
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (411 download)

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Book Synopsis Quine's Naturalism by : Paul A. Gregory

Download or read book Quine's Naturalism written by Paul A. Gregory and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2011-11-03 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: W. V. Quine was the most important naturalistic philosopher of the twentieth century and a major impetus for the recent resurgence of the view that empirical science is our best avenue to knowledge. His views, however, have not been well understood. Critics charge that Quine's naturalized epistemology is circular and that it cannot be normative. Yet, such criticisms stem from a cluster of fundamental traditional assumptions regarding language, theory, and the knowing subject - the very presuppositions that Quine is at pains to reject. Through investigation of Quine's views regarding language, knowledge, and reality, the author offers a new interpretation of Quine's naturalism. The naturalism/anti-naturalism debate can be advanced only by acknowledging and critiquing the substantial theoretical commitments implicit in the traditional view. Gregory argues that the responses to the circularity and non-normativity objections do just that. His analysis further reveals that Quine's departure from the tradition penetrates the conception of the knowing subject, and he thus offers a new and engaging defence of Quine's naturalism.

Understanding Naturalism

Author : Jack Ritchie
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317493575
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Naturalism by : Jack Ritchie

Download or read book Understanding Naturalism written by Jack Ritchie and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-12-05 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many contemporary Anglo-American philosophers describe themselves as naturalists. But what do they mean by that term? Popular naturalist slogans like, "there is no first philosophy" or "philosophy is continuous with the natural sciences" are far from illuminating. "Understanding Naturalism" provides a clear and readable survey of the main strands in recent naturalist thought. The origin and development of naturalist ideas in epistemology, metaphysics and semantics is explained through the works of Quine, Goldman, Kuhn, Chalmers, Papineau, Millikan and others. The most common objections to the naturalist project - that it involves a change of subject and fails to engage with "real" philosophical problems, that it is self-refuting, and that naturalism cannot deal with normative notions like truth, justification and meaning - are all discussed. "Understanding Naturalism" distinguishes two strands of naturalist thinking - the constructive and the deflationary - and explains how this distinction can invigorate naturalism and the future of philosophical research.

Naturalistic Epistemology

Author : A. Shimony
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400937350
Total Pages : 387 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Naturalistic Epistemology by : A. Shimony

Download or read book Naturalistic Epistemology written by A. Shimony and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. AIMS OF THE INTRODUCTION The systematic assessment of claims to knowledge is the central task of epistemology. According to naturalistic epistemologists, this task cannot be well performed unless proper attention is paid to the place of the knowing subject in nature. All philosophers who can appropriately be called 'naturalistic epistemologists' subscribe to two theses: (a) human beings, including their cognitive faculties, are entities in nature, inter acting with other entities studied by the natural sciences; and (b) the results of natural scientific investigations of human beings, particularly of biology and empirical psychology, are relevant and probably crucial to the epistemological enterprise. Naturalistic epistemologists differ in their explications of theses (a) and (b) and also in their conceptions of the proper admixture of other components needed for an adequate treatment of human knowledg- e.g., linguistic analysis, logic, decision theory, and theory of value. Those contributors to this volume who consider themselves to be naturalistic epistemologists (the majority) differ greatly in these respects. It is not my intention in this introduction to give a taxonomy of naturalistic epistemologies. I intend only to provide an overview which will stimulate a critical reading of the articles in the body of this volume, by facilitating a recognition of the authors' assumptions, emphases, and omissions.

Naturalized Epistemology and the Construction of Normativity

Author : Karyn L. Freedman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Naturalized Epistemology and the Construction of Normativity by : Karyn L. Freedman

Download or read book Naturalized Epistemology and the Construction of Normativity written by Karyn L. Freedman and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Naturalized epistemology gives epistemic priority to the question, 'why do people hold the beliefs that they do?', and it asks us to recognize that we can't hope to answer this question unless we look at the context in which beliefs are held. Like all epistemic naturalists, I think that the descriptive question about belief acquisition is the most important one, but I don't think that it is the only genuine one. Normativity is a legitimate epistemic concern, and in this thesis I argue that there is a place for it in a naturalized epistemology. To this end, I discuss three contemporary accounts of epistemic naturalism: W. V. O. Quine's 'Epistemology Naturalized', David Bloor and Barry Barnes' Strong Programme, and Larry Laudan's 'normative naturalism'. Each of these accounts offer something important to the current debates on naturalism: Quine shows the significance of the descriptive question of belief acquisition; Bloor and Barnes illustrate the importance of causal explanations in answering this question; and Laudan provides an argument for a normative naturalism. What I offer is an account of the source of normative notions. My position is that norms of rationality are constructed: historically contingent, but not arbitrary. This position goes hand in hand with global epistemic relativism, the view that standards of rationality are relative to cultures. I embrace this view. I argue that it is the most honest way to make sense of our normative practices, and, importantly, I show that to accept it does not entail a great loss.

Naturalism and Normativity

Author : Mario De Caro
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231508875
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Naturalism and Normativity by : Mario De Caro

Download or read book Naturalism and Normativity written by Mario De Caro and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2010-08-11 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Normativity concerns what we ought to think or do and the evaluations we make. For example, we say that we ought to think consistently, we ought to keep our promises, or that Mozart is a better composer than Salieri. Yet what philosophical moral can we draw from the apparent absence of normativity in the scientific image of the world? For scientific naturalists, the moral is that the normative must be reduced to the nonnormative, while for nonnaturalists, the moral is that there must be a transcendent realm of norms. Naturalism and Normativity engages with both sides of this debate. Essays explore philosophical options for understanding normativity in the space between scientific naturalism and Platonic supernaturalism. They articulate a liberal conception of philosophy that is neither reducible to the sciences nor completely independent of them yet one that maintains the right to call itself naturalism. Contributors think in new ways about the relations among the scientific worldview, our experience of norms and values, and our movements in the space of reason. Detailed discussions include the relationship between philosophy and science, physicalism and ontological pluralism, the realm of the ordinary, objectivity and subjectivity, truth and justification, and the liberal naturalisms of Donald Davidson, John Dewey, John McDowell, and Ludwig Wittgenstein.

Naturalism, Reference, and Ontology

Author : Chase B. Wrenn
Publisher : Peter Lang
ISBN 13 : 9781433102295
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Naturalism, Reference, and Ontology by : Chase B. Wrenn

Download or read book Naturalism, Reference, and Ontology written by Chase B. Wrenn and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2008 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Naturalism, Reference, and Ontology is a collection of twelve original essays honoring Roger F. Gibson, who has been a leading proponent and defender of W. V. Quine's philosophy for nearly thirty years. The essays address a wide range of topics, including normativity and naturalized epistemology, holism, consciousness, the philosophy of logic, perception, value theory, and the arts. The contributors are an international group of prominent philosophers as well as rising scholars including: Robert Barrett, Lars Bergström, Richard Creath, David Henderson, Terence Horgan, Ernest Lepore, Pete Mandik, Alex Orenstein, Kenneth Shockley, J. Robert Thompson, Josefa Toribio, Joseph Ullian, Josh Weisberg, and Chase B. Wrenn.

Epistemic Norms

Author : Clayton Littlejohn
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199660026
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis Epistemic Norms by : Clayton Littlejohn

Download or read book Epistemic Norms written by Clayton Littlejohn and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epistemic norms play an increasingly important role in current debates in epistemology and beyond. In this volume a team of established and emerging scholars presents new work on the key debates. They consider what epistemic requirements constrain appropriate belief, assertion, and action, and explore the interconnections between these standards.

Scientific Understanding

Author : Henk W. de Regt
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
ISBN 13 : 0822971240
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Understanding by : Henk W. de Regt

Download or read book Scientific Understanding written by Henk W. de Regt and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 2014-08-09 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To most scientists, and to those interested in the sciences, understanding is the ultimate aim of scientific endeavor. In spite of this, understanding, and how it is achieved, has received little attention in recent philosophy of science. Scientific Understanding seeks to reverse this trend by providing original and in-depth accounts of the concept of understanding and its essential role in the scientific process. To this end, the chapters in this volume explore and develop three key topics: understanding and explanation, understanding and models, and understanding in scientific practice. Earlier philosophers, such as Carl Hempel, dismissed understanding as subjective and pragmatic. They believed that the essence of science was to be found in scientific theories and explanations. In Scientific Understanding, the contributors maintain that we must also consider the relation between explanations and the scientists who construct and use them. They focus on understanding as the cognitive state that is a goal of explanation and on the understanding of theories and models as a means to this end. The chapters in this book highlight the multifaceted nature of the process of scientific research. The contributors examine current uses of theory, models, simulations, and experiments to evaluate the degree to which these elements contribute to understanding. Their analyses pay due attention to the roles of intelligibility, tacit knowledge, and feelings of understanding. Furthermore, they investigate how understanding is obtained within diverse scientific disciplines and examine how the acquisition of understanding depends on specific contexts, the objects of study, and the stated aims of research.

Beyond Description

Author : Marcin Milkowski
Publisher : Texts in Philosophy
ISBN 13 : 9781904987918
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (879 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond Description by : Marcin Milkowski

Download or read book Beyond Description written by Marcin Milkowski and published by Texts in Philosophy. This book was released on 2010 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributors to this volume engage with issues of normativity within naturalised philosophy. The issues are critical to naturalism as most traditional notions in philosophy, such as knowledge, justification or representation, are said to involve normativity. Some of the contributors pursue the question of the correct place of normativity within a naturalised ontology, with emergentist and eliminativist answers offered on neighbouring pages. Others seek to justify particular norms within a naturalised framework, the more surprising ones including naturalist takes on the a priori and intuitions. Finally, yet others examine concrete examples of the application of norms within particular epistemic endeavours, such as psychopathology and design. The overall picture is that of an intimate engagement with issues of normativity on the part of naturalist philosophers - questioning some of the fundamentals at the same time as they try to work out many of the details.

Wilfrid Sellars

Author : James O'Shea
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1509500863
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Wilfrid Sellars by : James O'Shea

Download or read book Wilfrid Sellars written by James O'Shea and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-13 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work of the American philosopher Wilfrid Sellars continues to have a significant impact on the contemporary philosophical scene. His writings have influenced major thinkers such as Rorty, McDowell, Brandom, and Dennett, and many of Sellars basic conceptions, such as the logical space of reasons, the myth of the given, and the manifest and scientific images, have become standard philosophical terms. Often, however, recent uses of these terms do not reflect the richness or the true sense of Sellars original ideas. This book gets to the heart of Sellars philosophy and provides students with a comprehensive critical introduction to his lifes work. The book is structured around what Sellars himself regarded as the philosophers overarching task: to achieve a coherent vision of reality that will finally overcome the continuing clashes between the world as common sense takes it to be and the world as science reveals it to be. It provides a clear analysis of Sellars groundbreaking philosophy of mind, his novel theory of consciousness, his defense of scientific realism, and his thoroughgoing naturalism with a normative turn. Providing a lively examination of Sellars work through the central problem of what it means to be a human being in a scientific world, this book will be a valuable resource for all students of philosophy.

How Successful is Naturalism?

Author : Georg Gasser
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 311032895X
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis How Successful is Naturalism? by : Georg Gasser

Download or read book How Successful is Naturalism? written by Georg Gasser and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Naturalism is the reigning creed in analytic philosophy. Naturalists claim that natural science provides a complete account of all forms of existence. According to the naturalistic credo there are no aspects of human existence which transcend methods and explanations of science. Our concepts of the self, the mind, subjectivity, human freedom or responsibility is to be defined in terms of established sciences. The aim of the present volume is to draw the balance of naturalism’s success so far. Unlike other volumes it does not contain a collection of papers which unanimously reject naturalism. Naturalists and anti-naturalists alike unfold their positions discussing the success or failure of naturalistic approaches. "How successful is naturalism? shows where the lines of agreement and disagreement between naturalists and their critics are to be located in contemporary philosophical discussion. With contributions of Rudder Lynne Baker, Johannes Brandl, Helmut Fink, Ulrich Frey, Georg Gasser & Matthias Stefan, Peter S.M. Hacker, Winfried Löffler, Nancey Murphy, Josef Quitterer, Michael Rea, Thomas Sukopp, Konrad Talmont-Kaminski and Gerd Vollmer.

Normativity and Naturalism in the Philosophy of the Social Sciences

Author : Mark Risjord
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317386027
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis Normativity and Naturalism in the Philosophy of the Social Sciences by : Mark Risjord

Download or read book Normativity and Naturalism in the Philosophy of the Social Sciences written by Mark Risjord and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-01-22 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Normativity and Naturalism in the Social Sciences engages with a central debate within the philosophy of social science: whether social scientific explanation necessitates an appeal to norms, and if so, whether appeals to normativity can be rendered "scientific." This collection brings together contributions from a diverse group of philosophers who explore a broad but thematically unified set of questions, many of which stem from an ongoing debate between Stephen Turner and Joseph Rouse (both contributors to this volume) on the role of naturalism in the philosophy of the social sciences. Informed by recent developments in both philosophy and the social sciences, this volume will set the benchmark for contemporary discussions about normativity and naturalism. This collection will be relevant to philosophers of social science, philosophers in interested in the rule following and metaphysics of normativity, and theoretically oriented social scientists.

Epistemic Consequentialism

Author : Kristoffer Ahlström
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198779682
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Epistemic Consequentialism by : Kristoffer Ahlström

Download or read book Epistemic Consequentialism written by Kristoffer Ahlström and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An important issue in epistemology concerns the source of epistemic normativity. Epistemic consequentialism maintains that epistemic norms are genuine norms in virtue of the way in which they are conducive to epistemic value, whatever epistemic value may be. So, for example, the epistemic consequentialist might say that it is a norm that beliefs should be consistent, in that holding consistent beliefs is the best way to achieve the epistemic value of accuracy. Thus epistemic consequentialism is structurally similar to the family of consequentialist views in ethics. Recently, philosophers from both formal epistemology and traditional epistemology have shown interest in such a view. In formal epistemology, there has been particular interest in thinking of epistemology as a kind of decision theory where instead of maximizing expected utility one maximizes expected epistemic utility. In traditional epistemology, there has been particular interest in various forms of reliabilism about justification and whether such views are analogous to-and so face similar problems to-versions of consequentialism in ethics. This volume presents some of the most recent work on these topics as well as others related to epistemic consequentialism, by authors that are sympathetic to the view and those who are critical of it.

Quine's Epistemic Norms in Practice

Author : Michael Shepanski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781350304291
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Quine's Epistemic Norms in Practice by : Michael Shepanski

Download or read book Quine's Epistemic Norms in Practice written by Michael Shepanski and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this illuminating guide to the criteria of rational theorizing, Michael Shepanski identifies, defends and applies W. V. Quine's epistemic norms - the norms that best explain Quine's decisions to accept some theories and not others. Parts I and II set out the doctrines of this epistemology, demonstrating their potential for philosophical application. Part III is a case study in which Shepanski develops a theory of the propositional attitudes by the method of formalizing inferences to behaviour. He presents critiques of popular alternative views, including foundationalism, the centrality of knowledge and Quine's own epistemological naturalism. By reassessing Quine's normative epistemology, Shepanski advances our understanding of Quine's philosophy whilst providing a guide for our own theorizing.