Non Targeted Analysis For Discovery Of Chemicals Of Emerging Concerns In Treated Water For Drinking And Source Investigation

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Non-targeted Analysis for Discovery of Chemicals of Emerging Concerns in Treated Water for Drinking and Source Investigation

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Non-targeted Analysis for Discovery of Chemicals of Emerging Concerns in Treated Water for Drinking and Source Investigation by :

Download or read book Non-targeted Analysis for Discovery of Chemicals of Emerging Concerns in Treated Water for Drinking and Source Investigation written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is part of an inter-laboratory collaborating project led by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EPA provided water samples collected from a river, effluent of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and water treatment plant (WTP) in northeastern United States that uses chlorine disinfection. Non-targeted analysis was utilized to screen for a wide range of chemicals. The samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction (SPE) using Oasis HLB and analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC/TOF-MS) in nontargeted analytical manner. By using non-targeted analysis, chemicals not targeted can be screened, while a targeted analysis analyzes known chemicals in a sample leaving unknown chemicals undetected. In this study, true detection of a chemical was determined by meeting the following criteria: it must be found only in the sample, must not be found in any field blank sample, and must have a mass spectral similarity score of 500 (50%) or above using the NIST mass spectral library. Data analysis was done by using the instrument software, ChromaTOF, and its add-in feature, “Statistical Compare”. After the automatic data analysis, manual review followed. In total, 382 unique compounds were identified from all six sample locations collected. After manual review, 135 compounds showed high similarity with the NIST mass spectra, and 247 were deemed as low identified compounds. In the wastewater effluent, a majority of the compounds were ingredients of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) and flavoring/food additives. In the treated drinking water, 6 disinfection byproducts (DBPs) were detected and not detected in the feed water to the drinking water facility, but produced after treatment. Possible sources of the trace chemicals were discussed. Of all the chemicals tentatively identified, only two from the treated drinking water sample, tribromoacetic acid and dibromochloromethane are regulated in drinking water. This study confirms previous findings that PPCPs and DBPs continue to be pollutants of source waters. Also, the results indicate that non-target analysis was useful to evaluate the efficiency of wastewater and drinking water processes. Further study requires confirmation of the tentatively identified compound, quantification of the compounds for risk assessment and source investigation. The CD-ROM, an appendix to this thesis, is available for viewing at the Media Center in the SDSU Library.

Non-targeted Chemical Analysis for the Identification of Persistent Organic Compounds in Treated Wastewater

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (968 download)

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Book Synopsis Non-targeted Chemical Analysis for the Identification of Persistent Organic Compounds in Treated Wastewater by :

Download or read book Non-targeted Chemical Analysis for the Identification of Persistent Organic Compounds in Treated Wastewater written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To assess the effectiveness of the advanced oxidation process (AOP), treated wastewater samples after reverse osmosis (ROP) and ultraviolet light/hydrogen peroxide (UVP) were analyzed by a non-targeted qualitative approach for the presence of organic compounds. Five sampling events were analyzed that occurred at Orange County Water District (OCWD)’s Advanced Water Purification Facility (AWPF) in Fountain Valley, CA. Tap water samples were also collected from a kitchen faucet at OCWD for two of the sampling events. Triplicates for each sample type were collected. The water samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC/TOF-MS). While targeted analysis approaches are used to detect known chemicals, non-targeted approaches provide a broad overview of all those that are detected, and consider unknown chemicals. In this study, true detection of a chemical was determined by meeting two criteria: it must be found in all triplicates and must not be found in any of the field blanks. Tentatively identified chemicals were determined by meeting the first two criteria and also meeting a mass spectral similarity score of 700 or above. On average, 71% of the number of chemicals detected in ROP were reduced after UVP among all sampling events. Fourteen compounds were detected and tentatively identified in UVP and also found in ROP. Majority of the 14 compounds were reduced after UVP by an average of 52.2% of their peak areas. The compounds that were most frequently found in UVP were two halogenated acetonitriles, dichloroacetonitrile and bromochloroacetonitrile, in which other studies have commonly found after AOP. The number of chemicals detected in tap water was significantly higher than the number in UVP. In the tap water sampling events, 4-chlorobenzotrifluoride (CBTF) was detected in high abundance and was further confirmed with an authentic standard. Possible sources of the trace chemicals were discussed. None of the compounds identified in this study is under regulation. This study concludes that AOP was effective to remove trace chemicals in ROP. Further study requires confirmation of the tentatively identified compounds and quantitation of the compounds for risk assessment and source investigation. The CD-ROM, an appendix to the thesis, is available for viewing at the Media Center in the SDSU Library.

Effect-directed Analysis for the Identification of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in the Water Cycle

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789464691894
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (918 download)

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Book Synopsis Effect-directed Analysis for the Identification of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in the Water Cycle by :

Download or read book Effect-directed Analysis for the Identification of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in the Water Cycle written by and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemicals that end up in the water cycle can negatively impact water quality and thereby the aquatic environment. In the Netherlands, drinking water is primarily prepared from surface water and groundwater. To protect the environment and drinking water sources, it is important to adequately monitor the water quality and identify contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Current European legislation on water quality assessment dictates the use of targeted chemical analysis to analyze a list of priority substances in water bodies. By only measuring a limited list of compounds, however, environmental risks and adverse effects on water quality may be underestimated. To improve this assessment, effect-based bioassays are applied more and more. Bioassays measure the combined potency of all (known and unknown) bioactive compounds in a sample that affect the same endpoint. Effect-directed analysis (EDA) combines chemical analyses and bioassays into one platform to identify CECs, to prioritize them for future monitoring. Previously, such a platform was developed in the High-Throughput EDA project (2013 – 2017, funded by NWO-STW). In this project, the Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry and the VU Department of Environment & Health of Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam collaborated with Het Waterlaboratorium. The developed platform was implemented at Het Waterlaboratorium for monitoring applications outside an academic context. In the HT-EDA project, bioassays that monitor mutagenic and endocrine disrupting activity were applied for the identification of compounds with EDA. Furthermore, the platform allowed for high-resolution fractionation, simplifying the composition of mixtures in fractions in well plate format. The identification success rate was limited, however, which could be (partly) attributed to a lack of fast identification strategies.

Exposure Science in the 21st Century

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309264685
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Exposure Science in the 21st Century by : National Research Council

Download or read book Exposure Science in the 21st Century written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-10-28 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the use of personal products to our consumption of food, water, and air, people are exposed to a wide array of agents each day-many with the potential to affect health. Exposure Science in the 21st Century: A Vision and A Strategy investigates the contact of humans or other organisms with those agents (that is, chemical, physical, and biologic stressors) and their fate in living systems. The concept of exposure science has been instrumental in helping us understand how stressors affect human and ecosystem health, and in efforts to prevent or reduce contact with harmful stressors. In this way exposure science has played an integral role in many areas of environmental health, and can help meet growing needs in environmental regulation, urban and ecosystem planning, and disaster management. Exposure Science in the 21st Century: A Vision and A Strategy explains that there are increasing demands for exposure science information, for example to meet needs for data on the thousands of chemicals introduced into the market each year, and to better understand the health effects of prolonged low-level exposure to stressors. Recent advances in tools and technologies-including sensor systems, analytic methods, molecular technologies, computational tools, and bioinformatics-have provided the potential for more accurate and comprehensive exposure science data than ever before. This report also provides a roadmap to take advantage of the technologic innovations and strategic collaborations to move exposure science into the future.

The Seine River Basin

Author : Nicolas Flipo
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030542602
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis The Seine River Basin by : Nicolas Flipo

Download or read book The Seine River Basin written by Nicolas Flipo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-30 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book reviews the water-agro-food and socio-eco-system of the Seine River basin (76,000 km2), and offers a historical perspective on the river’s long-term contamination. The Seine basin is inhabited by circa 17 million people and is impacted by intensive agricultural practices and industrial activities. These pressures have gradually affected its hydrological, chemical and ecological functioning, leading to a maximum chemical degradation between the 1960s and the 1990s. Over the last three decades, while major water-quality improvements have been observed, new issues (e.g. endocrine disruptors, microplastics) have also emerged. The state of the Seine River network, from the headwaters to estuary, is increasingly controlled by the balance between pressures and social responses. This socio-ecosystem provides a unique example of the functioning of a territory under heavy anthropogenic pressure during the Anthropocene era. The achievements made were possible due to the long-term PIREN Seine research program, established in 1989 and today part of the French socio-ecological research network “Zones Ateliers”, itself part of the international Long-term Socio-economic and Ecological Research Network (LTSER). Written by experts in the field, the book provides an introduction to the water budget and the territorial metabolism of the Seine basin, and studies the trajectories and impact of various pollutants in the Seine River. It offers insights into the ecological functioning, the integration of agricultural practices, the analysis of aquatic organic matter, and the evolution of fish assemblages in the Seine basin, and also presents research perspectives and approaches to improve the water quality of the Seine River. Given its scope, it will appeal to environmental managers, scientists and policymakers interested in the long-term contamination of the Seine River.

A New Paradigm for Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology

Author : Guibin Jiang
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811394474
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis A New Paradigm for Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology by : Guibin Jiang

Download or read book A New Paradigm for Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology written by Guibin Jiang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-09 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive coverage of the theoretical developments and technological breakthroughs that have deepened our understanding of environmental pollution and human health, while also promoting a comprehensive strategy to address these problems. The respective chapters highlight groundbreaking concepts fueling the development of environmental chemistry and toxicology; revolutionary analytical and computational approaches providing novel insights into environmental health; and nature-inspired, innovative engineering solutions for tackling complex hazardous exposures. The book also features a forward-looking perspective on emerging environmental issues that call for new research and regulatory paradigms, laying the groundwork for future advances in the broad field of environmental chemistry and toxicology. Written by respected authorities in the field, A New Paradigm for Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology - From Concepts to Insights will offer an invaluable reference guide for concerned researchers and professional practitioners for years to come.

Contaminated Water Supplies at Camp Lejeune

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309136997
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Contaminated Water Supplies at Camp Lejeune by : National Research Council

Download or read book Contaminated Water Supplies at Camp Lejeune written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-09-06 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1980s, two water-supply systems on the Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune in North Carolina were found to be contaminated with the industrial solvents trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE). The water systems were supplied by the Tarawa Terrace and Hadnot Point watertreatment plants, which served enlisted-family housing, barracks for unmarried service personnel, base administrative offices, schools, and recreational areas. The Hadnot Point water system also served the base hospital and an industrial area and supplied water to housing on the Holcomb Boulevard water system (full-time until 1972 and periodically thereafter). This book examines what is known about the contamination of the water supplies at Camp Lejeune and whether the contamination can be linked to any adverse health outcomes in former residents and workers at the base.

Passive Sampling Techniques in Environmental Monitoring

Author : Richard Greenwood
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080489508
Total Pages : 487 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Passive Sampling Techniques in Environmental Monitoring by : Richard Greenwood

Download or read book Passive Sampling Techniques in Environmental Monitoring written by Richard Greenwood and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-07-03 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monitoring pollutants in air, soil and water is a routine requirement in the workplace, and in the wider environment. Passive samplers can provide a representative picture of levels of pollutants over a period of time from days to months by measuring the average concentrations to which they have been exposed. Air monitors are widely used, for instance to measure the exposure of workers to volatile compounds, but also for monitoring the fate of pollutants in the atmosphere. Passive sampling devices are now becomining increasingly used to monitor pollutants in rivers, coastal waters and ground water where contamination results from sources such as domestic and industrial discharges, and the use of agrochemicals. Passive Sampling Techniques in Environmental Monitoring provides a timely collection of information on a set of techniques that help monitor the quality of air, surface and ground waters. Passive sampling can provide an inexpensive means of obtaining a representative picture of quality over a period of time, even where levels of pollutants fluctuate due to discontinuous discharges or seasonal application of chemicals such as pesticides. Recent changes in legislation have increased the pressure to obtain better information than that provided by classical infrequent spot sampling.Brought together in one source, this book looks at the performance of a range of devices for the passive sampling of metals, and of non-polar and polar organic chemicals in air and in water. The strengths and weaknesses and the range of applicability of the technology are considered.* Comprehensive review of passive sampling - covering air, water and majority of available technologies in one volume* Chapters written by international specialist experts * Covers theory and applications, providing background information and guidelines for use in the field

Applications in High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Author : Roberto Romero-González
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128096489
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Applications in High Resolution Mass Spectrometry by : Roberto Romero-González

Download or read book Applications in High Resolution Mass Spectrometry written by Roberto Romero-González and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-03-07 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of High Resolution Mass Spectrometry: Food Safety and Pesticide Residue Analysis is the first book to offer complete coverage of all aspects of high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) used for the analysis of pesticide residue in food. Aimed at researchers and graduate students in food safety, toxicology, and analytical chemistry, the book equips readers with foundational knowledge of HRMS, including established and state-of-the-art principles and analysis strategies. Additionally, it provides a roadmap for implementation, including discussions of the latest instrumentation and software available. Detailed coverage is given to the application of HRMS coupled to ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC-HRMS) in the analysis of pesticide residue in fruits and vegetables and food from animal origin. The book also discusses extraction procedures and the challenges of sample preparation, gas chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry, flow injection-HRMS, ambient ionization, and identification of pesticide transformation products in food. Responding to the fast development and application of these new procedures, this book is an essential resource in the food safety field. - Arms researchers with an in-depth resource devoted to the rapid advances in HRMS tools and strategies for pesticide residue analysis in food - Provides a complete overview of analytical methodologies and applications of HRMS, including UHPLC-HRMS, HRMS coupled with time of flight (TOF) and/or GC-Orbitrap, and flow injection-HRMS - Discusses the current international regulations and legislation related to the use of HRMS in pesticide residue analysis - Features a chapter on the hardware and software available for HRMS implementation - Offers separate chapters on HRMS applied to pesticide residue analysis in fruits and vegetables and in food from animal origin

Photo- and Electrochemical Water Treatment

Author : Professor Halan Prakash
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1839165014
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis Photo- and Electrochemical Water Treatment by : Professor Halan Prakash

Download or read book Photo- and Electrochemical Water Treatment written by Professor Halan Prakash and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2022-12-21 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globally, 2.1 billion people live without access to safe water, and about 159 million people collect their drinking water directly from surface water sources. This issue is particularly prominent in water-stressed areas, such as India, which has a rural population of around 700 million, 63 million of whom do not have access to clean water. Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs), of both a chemical and biological nature, are increasingly being detected in wastewater effluents around the world. Chemical CECs include pollutants such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products, pesticides, hormones, and endocrine disruptors, and biological CECs include antibiotic resistant bacteria, pathogenic protozoans, and viruses. New technologies to remove the contaminants from water are urgently needed and photochemical approaches offer an exciting array of possibilities. Covering chemical analysis, molecular biology methods and computational approaches important for the elucidation of mechanisms and evaluation of photochemical processes, this book presents advanced photochemical processes for the removal of CECs from water. Readers will find chapters on advanced photochemical treatment prototypes and pilot plants, and discussions on translation from lab to field-scale implementation. Examples include highly transparent materials, integrated membranes, adsorbents, and photocatalysts for enhancing the photochemical processes by direct sunlight induced reactions, photo-Fenton, and photo-electrochemical reactions. Discussing both the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies, this book is a great resource both for academics researching photocatalytic processes and for water treatment professionals.

Uncharted Waters

Author : Anna Andersson
Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN 13 : 9179296947
Total Pages : 65 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (792 download)

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Book Synopsis Uncharted Waters by : Anna Andersson

Download or read book Uncharted Waters written by Anna Andersson and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2021-02-15 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are potentially toxic compounds formed when drinking water is treated with disinfectants, such as chlorine or chloramine. A large proportion of the exposure to DBPs is still unknown and the health risks observed through epidemiological studies cannot be explained by DBPs known today. In this thesis, a part of the unknown DBP fraction is investigated, covering a wide range of non-volatile, chlorine/bromine-containing DBPs. The goals were to investigate how the compositions of these DBPs differ between water treatment plants, how their occurrence changes in the distribution system until reaching consumers and how new treatment techniques can reduce their formation and toxicity. To analyze unknown DBPs, a non-targeted approach adopting ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), was used, where the mass of molecules is measured with such accuracy that the elemental composition of individual DBPs can be calculated. A panel of bioassays was used to assess the combined toxic effects from these DBP mixtures. The results show that the formation of these DBPs to a large extent was specific to each water treatment plant and that local conditions influenced DBP formation, based on e.g., the abundance of organic material with certain chemical structures, bromide and disinfection procedure and agent (chlorine or chloramine). The DBPs were detected in both chlorinated and chloraminated water and in all tap water samples, demonstrating that they are part of human exposure. The number of DBP formulae decreased and the DBP composition changed between drinking water treatment and consumer taps, suggesting that DBP exposure to consumers is not necessarily resembling measurements at the treatment plants. Evaluation of new treatment techniques showed that suspended ion exchange and ozonation have potential to decrease the formation and toxic effects of DBPs and that the removal of organic matter can influence qualitative aspects of DBP formation, such as the proportions of chlorine-containing (less toxic) versus bromine-containing (more toxic) DBPs. Through increased knowledge about the role and relevance of non-volatile DBPs, this work can contribute to future monitoring and actions to reduce the health risks associated with DBPs in chlorinated or chloraminated drinking water. Desinfektionsbiprodukter (DBP:s) är potentiellt giftiga ämnen som bildas när dricksvatten renas med desinfektionsmedel såsom hypoklorit eller monokloramin. En stor del av exponeringen är ännu okänd och hittills kända DBP:s kan inte förklara de hälsorisker som förknippats med klorerat dricksvatten i epidemiologiska studier. I avhandlingen undersöks en relativt okänd fraktion av DBP:s som utgörs av icke-flyktiga, klor/brom-innehållande ämnen. Målen var att undersöka hur dessa DBP:s varierar mellan olika vattenverk, om de förekommer hos konsumenter och hur nya vattenreningstekniker kan minska dess bildandning och relaterad toxicitet. För att mäta okända DBP:s användes ultrahögupplöst masspektrometri (Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS)), med vilken massan hos molekyler kan bestämmas så exakt att atomsammansättningen för enskilda DBP:s kan räknas ut. En serie effektbaserade metoder som bygger på biologiska testsystem användes för att mäta kombinerade toxiska effekter från de studerade biprodukterna. Resultaten visar att största delen av bildade DBP:s var unik för varje vattenverk och att lokala förutsättningar påverkar vilka DBP:s som bildas, till exempel om det finns organiskt material med särskilda kemiska strukturer, bromid eller vilket desinfektionsmedel (klor eller kloramin) som används. De studerade biprodukterna detekterades både i klorerat och kloraminerat dricksvatten och i samtliga kranvatten, vilket innebär att de bidrar till konsumenters exponering. Antalet detekterade DBP:s minskade och sammansättningen ändrades mellan vattenverk och konsument, vilket innebär att DBP exponeringen hos konsumenter inte är densamma som mäts på vattenverken. En utvärdering av nya reningstekniker visade att suspenderat jonbyte och ozonering har potential att minska bildning och relaterad toxisk effekt från DBP:s och att borttagning av organiskt material kan påverka kvalitativa aspekter av DBP bildning, såsom proportionerna av klorerade (mindre toxiska) och bromerade (mer toxiska) DBP:s. Genom ökad insikt om icke-flyktiga DBP:s roll och relevans kan detta arbete bidra till att förbättra framtida uppföljning och insatser för att minska hälsorisker kopplade till DBP:s i klorerat eller kloraminerat dricksvatten.

Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9789241545037
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 1993 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes the methods used in the surveillance of drinking water quality in the light of the special problems of small-community supplies, particularly in developing countries, and outlines the strategies necessary to ensure that surveillance is effective.

Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309109922
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century by : National Research Council

Download or read book Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-10-05 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in molecular biology and toxicology are paving the way for major improvements in the evaluation of the hazards posed by the large number of chemicals found at low levels in the environment. The National Research Council was asked by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to review the state of the science and create a far-reaching vision for the future of toxicity testing. The book finds that developing, improving, and validating new laboratory tools based on recent scientific advances could significantly improve our ability to understand the hazards and risks posed by chemicals. This new knowledge would lead to much more informed environmental regulations and dramatically reduce the need for animal testing because the new tests would be based on human cells and cell components. Substantial scientific efforts and resources will be required to leverage these new technologies to realize the vision, but the result will be a more efficient, informative and less costly system for assessing the hazards posed by industrial chemicals and pesticides.

Water Analysis for Emerging Environmental Contaminants

Author : Xiaoliang Cheng
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (861 download)

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Book Synopsis Water Analysis for Emerging Environmental Contaminants by : Xiaoliang Cheng

Download or read book Water Analysis for Emerging Environmental Contaminants written by Xiaoliang Cheng and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The presence of emerging environmental contaminants in water bodies used either as drinking water or for recreational purpose has received considerable attention in the recent years. The emerging environmental contaminants can be defined as a wide range of chemicals that have been determined in the environment which may present serious health risks for humans. The occurrence of these contaminants indicate that both household and industrial chemicals have been introduced to water resources, a wide variety of chemicals, such as disinfection byproducts, pharmaceutical and personal care products and so on, have been detected at cetiain levels in either water bodies or treatment plants in worldwide. Although developments in new regulations and detection methods have taken place in the past decades that impact water analysis, there is currently no validated EPA or consensus organization methods for many of the listed emerging environmental contaminants. This body of work developed LC/MS/MS or ICP-MS based techniques for water analysis of several classes of emerging environmental contaminants, including herbicides degradation byproducts; cyanotoxins; N-nitrosamines and heavy metal leaching from plastic bottles. In addition, the developed methods were used to conduct high throughput screening of these emerging contaminants in water samples of various types, and to investigate the removal efficiency of these contaminants by using various oxidants and physical treatment with emphasis on analysis and treatment"--Abstract, leaf iv.

Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches to Biomarker Discovery

Author : Haleem J. Issaq
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123947952
Total Pages : 489 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches to Biomarker Discovery by : Haleem J. Issaq

Download or read book Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches to Biomarker Discovery written by Haleem J. Issaq and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-05-20 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches to Biomarker Discovery demonstrates how to leverage biomarkers to improve accuracy and reduce errors in research. Disease biomarker discovery is one of the most vibrant and important areas of research today, as the identification of reliable biomarkers has an enormous impact on disease diagnosis, selection of treatment regimens, and therapeutic monitoring. Various techniques are used in the biomarker discovery process, including techniques used in proteomics, the study of the proteins that make up an organism, and metabolomics, the study of chemical fingerprints created from cellular processes. Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches to Biomarker Discovery is the only publication that covers techniques from both proteomics and metabolomics and includes all steps involved in biomarker discovery, from study design to study execution. The book describes methods, and presents a standard operating procedure for sample selection, preparation, and storage, as well as data analysis and modeling. This new standard effectively eliminates the differing methodologies used in studies and creates a unified approach. Readers will learn the advantages and disadvantages of the various techniques discussed, as well as potential difficulties inherent to all steps in the biomarker discovery process. A vital resource for biochemists, biologists, analytical chemists, bioanalytical chemists, clinical and medical technicians, researchers in pharmaceuticals, and graduate students, Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches to Biomarker Discovery provides the information needed to reduce clinical error in the execution of research. - Describes the use of biomarkers to reduce clinical errors in research - Includes techniques from a range of biomarker discoveries - Covers all steps involved in biomarker discovery, from study design to study execution

Global Issues in Water, Sanitation, and Health

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309138728
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Issues in Water, Sanitation, and Health by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Global Issues in Water, Sanitation, and Health written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-10-25 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the human population grows-tripling in the past century while, simultaneously, quadrupling its demand for water-Earth's finite freshwater supplies are increasingly strained, and also increasingly contaminated by domestic, agricultural, and industrial wastes. Today, approximately one-third of the world's population lives in areas with scarce water resources. Nearly one billion people currently lack access to an adequate water supply, and more than twice as many lack access to basic sanitation services. It is projected that by 2025 water scarcity will affect nearly two-thirds of all people on the planet. Recognizing that water availability, water quality, and sanitation are fundamental issues underlying infectious disease emergence and spread, the Institute of Medicine held a two-day public workshop, summarized in this volume. Through invited presentations and discussions, participants explored global and local connections between water, sanitation, and health; the spectrum of water-related disease transmission processes as they inform intervention design; lessons learned from water-related disease outbreaks; vulnerabilities in water and sanitation infrastructure in both industrialized and developing countries; and opportunities to improve water and sanitation infrastructure so as to reduce the risk of water-related infectious disease.

Emerging Contaminants Vol. 1

Author : Nadia Morin-Crini
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030690792
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Emerging Contaminants Vol. 1 by : Nadia Morin-Crini

Download or read book Emerging Contaminants Vol. 1 written by Nadia Morin-Crini and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-21 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging contaminants are chemical and biological agents for which there is growing concern about their potential health and environmental effects. The threat lies in the fact that the sources, fate and toxicology of most of these compounds have not yet been studied. Emerging contaminants, therefore, include a large number of both recently discovered and well-known compounds such as rare earth elements, viruses, bacteria, nanomaterials, microplastics, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, hormones, personal care products, cosmetics, pesticides, surfactants and industrial chemicals. Emerging contaminants have been found in many daily products, and some of them accumulate in the food chain. Correlations have been observed between aquatic pollution by emerging contaminants and discharges from wastewater treatment plants. Most actual remediation methods are not effective at removing emerging contaminants. This first volume presents comprehensive knowledge on emerging contaminants with a focus on analysis, toxicity, antibiotic resistance and human health.