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Non Invasive Determination Of The Location And Distribution Of Free Phase Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquids Dnapl By Seismic Reflection Techniques
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Book Synopsis NON-INVASIVE DETERMINATION OF THE LOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF FREE-PHASE DENSE NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS (DNAPL) BY SEISMIC REFLECTION TECHNIQUES. by :
Download or read book NON-INVASIVE DETERMINATION OF THE LOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF FREE-PHASE DENSE NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS (DNAPL) BY SEISMIC REFLECTION TECHNIQUES. written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Earth Sciences and Resources Institute, University of South Carolina is conducting a 14 month proof of concept study to determine the location and distribution of subsurface Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) contamination at the 216-Z-9 crib, 200 West area, Department of Energy (DOE) Hanford Site, Washington by use of two-dimensional high resolution seismic reflection surveys and borehole geophysical data. The study makes use of recent advances in seismic reflection amplitude versus offset (AVO) technology to directly detect the presence of subsurface DNAPL. The techniques proposed are a noninvasive means towards site characterization and direct free-phase DNAPL detection. This report covers the results of Task 3 and change of scope of Tasks 4-6. Task 1 contains site evaluation and seismic modeling studies. The site evaluation consists of identifying and collecting preexisting geological and geophysical information regarding subsurface structure and the presence and quantity of DNAPL. The seismic modeling studies were undertaken to determine the likelihood that an AVO response exists and its probable manifestation. Task 2 is the design and acquisition of 2-D seismic reflection data designed to image areas of probable high concentration of DNAPL. Task 3 is the processing and interpretation of the 2-D data. Task 4, 5, and 6 were designing, acquiring, processing, and interpretation of a three dimensional seismic survey (3D) at the Z-9 crib area at 200 west area, Hanford.
Book Synopsis NON-INVASIVE DETERMINATION OF THE LOCATION AND DISTRBUTION OF FREE-PHASE DENSE NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS (DNAPL) BY SEISMIC REFLECTION TECHNIQUES. by : Michael G. Waddell
Download or read book NON-INVASIVE DETERMINATION OF THE LOCATION AND DISTRBUTION OF FREE-PHASE DENSE NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS (DNAPL) BY SEISMIC REFLECTION TECHNIQUES. written by Michael G. Waddell and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Earth Sciences and Resources Institute, University of South Carolina is conducting a proof of concept study to determine the location and distribution of subsurface DNAPL carbon tetrachloride (CCl{sub 4}) contamination at the 216-Z-9 crib, 200 West area, DOE Hanford Site, Washington by use of two-dimensional high-resolution seismic reflection surveys and borehole geophysical data. The study makes use of recent advances in seismic reflection amplitude versus offset (AVO) technology to directly detect the presence of subsurface DNAPL. The techniques proposed are noninvasive means of site characterization and direct free-phase DNAPL detection. This final report covers the results of Tasks 1, 2, and 3. Task (1) contains site evaluation and seismic modeling studies. The site evaluation consists of identifying and collecting preexisting geological and geophysical information regarding subsurface structure and the presence and quantity of DNAPL. The seismic modeling studies were undertaken to determine the likelihood that an AVO response exists and its probable manifestation. Task (2) is the design and acquisition of 2-D seismic reflection data to image areas of probable high concentration of DNAPL. Task (3) is the processing and interpretation of the 2-D data. During the commission of these tasks four seismic reflection profiles were collected. Subsurface velocity information was obtained by vertical seismic profile surveys in three wells. The interpretation of these data is in two parts. Part one is the construction and interpretation of structural contour maps of the contact between the Hanford Fine unit and the underlying Plio/Pleistocene unit and of the contact between the Plio/Pleistocene unit and the underlying caliche layer. These two contacts were determined to be the most likely surfaces to contain the highest concentration CCl{sub 4}. Part two of the interpretation uses the results of the AVO modeling to locate any seismic amplitude anomalies that might be associated with the presence of high concentrations of CCl{sub 4}. Based on the modeling results three different methods of AVO analysis were preformed on the seismic data: enhanced amplitude stacks, offset range limited stacks, and gradient stacks. Seismic models indicate that the reflection from the contact between the Hanford Fine and the Plio/Pleistocene should exhibit amplitude variations where there are high concentrations of CCl{sub 4}. A series of different scenarios were modeled. The first scenario is the Hanford Fine pores are 100% saturated with CCl{sub 4} and the underlying Plio/Pleistocene pores are saturated with air. In this scenario the reflection coefficients are slightly negative at the small angles of incidence and become increasing more negative at the larger angles of incidence (dim-out). The second scenario is the Hanford Fine pores are saturated with air and Plio/Pleistocene pores are saturated with CCl{sub 4}. In this scenario the reflection coefficients are slightly positive at the small angles of incidence and become negative at the large angles of incidence (polarity reversal). Finally the third scenario is both the Hanford Fine and the Plio/Pleistocene pores are saturated CCl{sub 4}. In this scenario the reflection coefficients at the small angles of incidence are slightly positive, but much less than background response, and with increasing angle of incidence the reflection coefficients become slightly more positive. On the field data areas where extraction wells have high concentrations of CCl{sub 4} a corresponding dim-out and/or a polarity reversal is noted.
Book Synopsis Groundwater Remediation by : Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff
Download or read book Groundwater Remediation written by Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-06-23 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by one of the world's foremost authorities on the subject, this is the most comprehensive and in-depth treatment available to environmental engineers and scientists for the remediation of groundwater, one of the earth's most precious resources. Groundwater is one of the Earth's most precious resources. We use it for drinking, bathing, and many other purposes. Without clean water, humans would cease to exist. Unfortunately, because of ignorance or lack of caring, groundwater is often contaminated through industrialization, construction or any number of other ways. It is the job of the environmental engineer to remediate the contaminated groundwater and make what has been tainted safe again.Selecting the proper remediation strategy and process is the key to moving forward, and, once this process has been selected, it must be executed properly, taking into consideration the costs, the type of contaminants that are involved, time frames, and many other factors. This volume provides a broad overview of the current and most widely applied remedial strategies. Instead of discussing these strategies in a generic way, the volume is organized by focusing on major contaminants that are of prime focus to industry and municipal water suppliers. The specific technologies that are applicable to the chemical contaminants discussed in different chapters are presented, but then cross-referenced to other chemical classes or contaminants that are also candidates for the technologies. The reader will also find extensive cost guidance in this volume to assist in developing preliminary cost estimates for capital equipment and operations & maintenance costs, which should be useful in screening strategies. The eight chapters cover all of the major various types of contaminants and their industrial applications, providing a valuable context to each scenario of contamination. This is the most thorough and up-to-date volume available on this important subject, and it is a must-have for any environmental engineer or scientist working in groundwater remediation.
Author :American Society of Mechanical Engineers Publisher :Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers(IEEE) ISBN 13 : Total Pages :496 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Assessment of Technologies Supported by the Office of Science and Technology, Department of Energy by : American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Download or read book Assessment of Technologies Supported by the Office of Science and Technology, Department of Energy written by American Society of Mechanical Engineers and published by Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers(IEEE). This book was released on 2000 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the fourth volume containing the results of the peer reviews performed jointly by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and the Institute for Regulatory Science (RSI) for the Office of Science and Technology of the U.S. Department of Energy. It covers the Fiscal Year (FY) 2000 starting October 1, 1999 and ending September 30, 2000.
Book Synopsis Assessment of Technologies Supported by the Office of Science and Technology Department of Energy, Results of Peer Review for Fiscal Year ... by :
Download or read book Assessment of Technologies Supported by the Office of Science and Technology Department of Energy, Results of Peer Review for Fiscal Year ... written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dense Non-aqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPLs) by :
Download or read book Dense Non-aqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPLs) written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Groundwater and Soil Cleanup by : National Research Council
Download or read book Groundwater and Soil Cleanup written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-11-21 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive, up-to-date review of technologies for cleaning up contaminants in groundwater and soil. It provides a special focus on three classes of contaminants that have proven very difficult to treat once released to the subsurface: metals, radionuclides, and dense nonaqueous-phase liquids such as chlorinated solvents. Groundwater and Soil Cleanup was commissioned by the Department of Energy (DOE) as part of its program to clean up contamination in the nuclear weapons production complex. In addition to a review of remediation technologies, the book describes new trends in regulation of contaminated sites and assesses DOE's program for developing new subsurface cleanup technologies.
Book Synopsis Integrated Geophysical Detection of DNAPL Source Zones by :
Download or read book Integrated Geophysical Detection of DNAPL Source Zones written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identification of subsurface organic contamination, particularly dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) is one of the highest priorities - and among the most difficult - for remediation of numerous sites, including those of the DOD and DOE. Complex resistivity (CR) is the only geophysical method that has been demonstrated in the laboratory to have high sensitivity to organic compounds, by detecting responses indicative of clay-organic electrochemistry. However, direct detection of organics in the field has been elusive, in part due to the difficulty of obtaining robust measurements at very low contaminant levels in the presence of heterogeneous geological materials and cultural interference (such as metallic utilities and remediation plumbing). This project sought to improve the capability to detect DNAPL by (1) better geophysical imaging of geological pathways that control DNAPL movement and (2) direct detection by detailed comparison of CR lab to field data using this improved imaging. For the first goal, algorithms were developed for the joint tomographic imaging of seismic and resistivity data. The method requires that an empirical relationship can be established between seismic and resistivity; if values are ultimately tied to specific lithologies, then the final tomographic product can be an actual geological cross-section. Because shallow subsurface investigations are now commonly performed using a cone penetrometer (CPT)a new vibratory seismic source was developed to identify sites with clay-organic reactions measurable in the lab from core samples, perform reconnaissance field surveys, and proceed to detailed 2D or 3D cross-hole imaging.
Book Synopsis Dense Non-aqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPL) Status Report by : Ontario. Ministry of the Environment
Download or read book Dense Non-aqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPL) Status Report written by Ontario. Ministry of the Environment and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A non-linear regression analysis of subsurface DNAPL (Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid) distributions using dimensionless parameters by : Seung Hi Yi
Download or read book A non-linear regression analysis of subsurface DNAPL (Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid) distributions using dimensionless parameters written by Seung Hi Yi and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Test Plan for Geo-Cleanse{reg_sign} Demonstration (in Situ Destruction of Dense Non-aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL)). by :
Download or read book Test Plan for Geo-Cleanse{reg_sign} Demonstration (in Situ Destruction of Dense Non-aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL)). written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soils and groundwater beneath an abandoned process sewer line in the A/M Area of the Savannah River Site (SRS) contain elevated levels of volatile organic compounds, specifically trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE), two common chlorinated solvents. These compounds have low aqueous solubilities, thus when released to the subsurface in sufficient quantity, tend to exist as immiscible fluids or nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). Because chlorinated solvents are also denser than water, they are referred to by the acronym DNAPLs, or dense non-aqueous phase liquids. Technologies targeted at the efficient characterization or removal of DNAPL are not currently proven. For example, most DNAPL studies rely on traditional soil and water sampling and the fortuitous observation of immiscible solvent. Once DNAPL is identified, soil excavation (which is only applicable to small contained spill sites) is the only proven cleanup method. New cleanup approaches based on destruction of DNAPL either in situ or ex situ have been proposed and tested at the pilot scale. The proposed demonstration, as described in this report will evaluate the applicability to DNAPL plumes of a technology proven for in situ destruction of light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) such as oils.
Book Synopsis Contaminants in the Subsurface by : National Research Council
Download or read book Contaminants in the Subsurface written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-04-23 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At hundreds of thousands of commercial, industrial, and military sites across the country, subsurface materials including groundwater are contaminated with chemical waste. The last decade has seen growing interest in using aggressive source remediation technologies to remove contaminants from the subsurface, but there is limited understanding of (1) the effectiveness of these technologies and (2) the overall effect of mass removal on groundwater quality. This report reviews the suite of technologies available for source remediation and their ability to reach a variety of cleanup goals, from meeting regulatory standards for groundwater to reducing costs. The report proposes elements of a protocol for accomplishing source remediation that should enable project managers to decide whether and how to pursue source remediation at their sites.
Book Synopsis FY03 DNAPL Characterization of the A-14 Outfall by :
Download or read book FY03 DNAPL Characterization of the A-14 Outfall written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Residual dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contamination continues to be one of the most challenging remediation and characterization problems at SRS and sites around the world. Chlorinated solvents were usually released as DNAPLs to/the subsurface where they move in an unstable fashion driven by gravitational and, capillary forces. They are often retained in small discrete blobs in fine grain materials in the vadose zone and contaminate ground water by slow continuous release through dissolution and diffusion. Locating these small sources is a difficult but crucial part of remediating a contaminated site. Several methods have been developed to locate subsurface DNAPL but nearly all are intrusive and can only identify DNAPL in close proximity to the access hole. Minimally invasive geophysical methods to locate residual DNAPL have been proposed and developed but few methods are capable of the spatial resolution required. Complex resistivity measurements sensitive to DNAPL (perchloroethylene) interactions with clay (smectite) have recently been shown to have promise in laboratory experiments. Based on these laboratory results, field tests of the complex resistivity technique were performed at the A-014 outfall.
Book Synopsis Physics of DNAPL Migration and Remediation in the Presence of Heterogeneities by :
Download or read book Physics of DNAPL Migration and Remediation in the Presence of Heterogeneities written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spilled solvents have created pervasive groundwater contamination problems across the DOE complex because of their ubiquitous use, their toxicity and persistence in the environment, combined with the difficulty of recovering them from the subsurface. Because organic solvents are more dense than water and immiscible with water, they are commonly referred to as DNAPLs (dense non-aqueous phase liquids). They migrate below the water table downward and laterally under the influence of gravity, capillary, and viscous forces. Variations in media texture that the DNAPLs encounter as they migrate can have a profound influence on the migration path. This interplay between textural heterogeneities and driving forces complicates the migration of the DNAPLs and therefore it is not straightforward to predict the locations in the aquifer at which the spilled DNAPLs may ultimately reside. Uncertainties in the region of solvent contamination translate into higher remediation costs as the remedial system must be designed in light of these uncertainties. In an effort to clean up spilled DNAPLs, several remediation approaches are currently under development. Chemically enhanced solubilization, alcohol displacement, in situ oxidation, and air sparging are among the most promising. Many of these techniques have already undergone preliminary field demonstrations. However, results from such field demonstrations cannot be extrapolated to predict remedial performance under the wide range of field conditions to be encountered at spill sites across the DOE complex. Indeed, these techniques have not yet had the opportunity to be sufficiently tested and quantitatively compared in well-controlled laboratory experiments under heterogeneous conditions indicative of what can be expected in the field. In addition, the numerical simulation techniques used to predict DNAPL migration and remediation treatments have yet to be adequately verified through comparison against laboratory experiments conducted in heterogeneous media.
Book Synopsis Optimal Search Strategy for the Definition of a DNAPL Source by : Zoi Dokou
Download or read book Optimal Search Strategy for the Definition of a DNAPL Source written by Zoi Dokou and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNAPL (Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid) contamination poses a major threat to the groundwater supply, thus, success remediation of the contaminated sites is of paramount importance. Delineating and removing the DNAPL source is an essential step that renders remediation successful and lowers the estimated remediation time and cost significantly. This work addresses the issue of identifying and delineating DNAPL at its source. The methodology employed here is based upon the rapidly evolving realization that it is unlikely to identify and adequately define the extent of a DNAPL source location using field techniques and strategies that focus exclusively on directly locating separate phase DNAPL. The goal of this work is to create an optimal search strategy in order to obtain, at least cost, information regarding a DNAPL source location. The concept is to identify, prior to a detailed site investigation, where to initially sample the subsurface to determine the DNAPL source characteristics and then to update the investigative strategy in the field as the investigation proceeds.
Book Synopsis Direct Detection of Dense Non-aqueous Phase Liquids in the Subsurface Using Geophysical Techniques by : Loren E. North
Download or read book Direct Detection of Dense Non-aqueous Phase Liquids in the Subsurface Using Geophysical Techniques written by Loren E. North and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book DNAPL Site Characterization written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In natural subsurface systems dominated by heterogeneity, the delineation and even the detection of sparingly soluble, dense contaminants can be extremely difficult. The performance assessment of cleanup at these sites is therefore more complex. Several technologies for the characterization of sites contaminated with dense non aqueous phase liquids have recently been developed. These include geophysical techniques, tracer tests, and direct sampling or sensing methods.
