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Non Equilibrium Hydrodynamics Of The Quark Gluon Plasma
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Book Synopsis Non-equilibrium Hydrodynamics of the Quark-Gluon Plasma, from Theory to Phenomenology by : Dekrayat K. Almaalol
Download or read book Non-equilibrium Hydrodynamics of the Quark-Gluon Plasma, from Theory to Phenomenology written by Dekrayat K. Almaalol and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is a deconfined phase of strongly interacting matter which can be described by the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The QGP filled the entire universe in the early moments after the big bang and is believed to exist in the present time in the core of massive neutron stars. Understanding the physical properties of QGP and its non-equilibrium dynamics requires solving the full non-perturbative QCD equations of motion, which is an unsolved problem at this time. Ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions (URHICs) can be used to reproduce the extreme conditions of the early universe and create a short-lived QGP in the laboratory; in what is called the ``little'' bang. The highly momentum-anisotropic far-from-equilibrium initial state created in these experiments evolves dynamically in three main stages: pre-equilibrium ([tau] 0.5 fm/c), thermalization/hydrodynamization ([tau] 0.5-2 fm/c), and finally freeze-out/hadronization ([tau]> 10 fm/c), where 1fm/c = 3x10^(-24) s. Each of these stages span a different regime of physics, with different relevant degrees of freedom and, therefore, are described by different theoretical models, such as QCD kinetic theory, dissipative hydrodynamics, and hadronic kinetic theory. This dissertation considers the impact of all three of these stages on our understanding of the QGP generated in URHICs, with the focus on better understanding the non-equilibrium dynamics of the QGP, its path to equilibrium and the effect such non-equilibrium dynamics have on our ability to extract fundamental information about the QGP. This dissertation also provides theoretical insights into how to improve URHIC simulations by examining the impact of non-equilibrium corrections present during different stages of QGP evolution.
Book Synopsis Non-equilibrium Hydrodynamics of the Quark-gluon Plasma by : Nopoush Mohammad
Download or read book Non-equilibrium Hydrodynamics of the Quark-gluon Plasma written by Nopoush Mohammad and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments are currently the only controlled way to generate and study matter in the most extreme temperatures (T ~10e+12 K). At these temperatures matter undergoes a phase transition to an exotic phase of matter called the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). The QGP is an extremely hot and deconfined phase of matter where sub-nucleonic constituents (quarks and gluons) are asymptotically free. The QGP phase is important for different reasons. First of all, our universe existed in this phase up to approximately t ~10e-5 s after the Big Bang, before it cools down sufficiently to form any kind of quark bound states. In this regard, studying the QGP provides us with useful information about the dynamics and evolution of the early universe. Secondly, high-energy collisions serve as a microscope with a resolution on the order of 10e-15 m (several orders of magnitude more powerful than the best ever developed electron microscopes). With this fantastic probe, penetrating into the detailed structure of nucleons, and the discovery of new particles and fundamental phases are made possible. The dynamics of the QGP is based on quantum chromodynamics (which governs the interactions of quarks and gluons) and the associated force is "strong force". The strong collective behaviors observed experimentally inspired people to use dissipative fluid dynamics to model the dynamics of the medium. The QGP produced in heavy-ion collisions, experiences strong longitudinal expansion at early times which leads to a large momentum-space anisotropy in the local rest frame distribution function. The rapid longitudinal expansion casts doubt on the application of standard viscous hydrodynamics (vHydro) models, which lead to unphysical predictions such as negative pressure, negative one-particle distribution function, and so on. Anisotropic hydrodynamics (aHydro) takes into account the strong momentum-space anisotropy in the leading order distribution function in a consistent and systematic way. My dissertation is about the formulation and application of anisotropic hydrodynamics as a successful non-equilibrium hydrodynamics model for studying the QGP. For this purpose, I introduce the basic conformal anisotropic hydrodynamics formalism and then explain the ways we included realistic features (bulk degree of freedom, quasiparticle implementation of realistic equation of state, more realistic collisional kernel), to make it a suitable hydrodynamics model for studying the QGP generated in heavy-ion collisions. For verification of our model we have compared the evolution of model parameters predicted by aHydro and vHydro, with exact analytical solution of the Boltzmann equation. For this purpose, we have studied the evolution of the system under conformal Gubser flow using the aHydro model. By transforming to de Sitter spacetime (a non-trivial curved coordinate system) we simplified the dynamics to 0+1d spacetime. Comparisons with exact solutions show that aHydro better reproduces the exact solutions than the best available vHydro models. However, the system is not conformal and the aHydro needed to be improved to include a realistic prescription for the equation of state which takes care of non-ideal effect in the dynamics. In the framework of finite temperature eld theory the equation of state is provided by numerical calculation of QCD partition function using lattice QCD (LQCD), whereas, devising an equation of state for aHydro model is challenging because therein we deal with anisotropic pressures. In the next step of my research, we have designed a novel method for implementing the realistic equation of state (provided by lattice QCD) in the aHydro formalism. This model, called the quasiparticle aHydro model, integrates the non-conformal effects in the aHydro model. The non-conformal effects are due to strong interactions of plasma constituents which leads to temperature-dependence of the particles' effective mass in the system. Based on the quasiparticle picture, we have developed the quasiparticle aHydro (aHydroQP) model which has all necessary components for studying the phenomenology of the QGP created in heavy-ion collisions. We have then compared the phenomenological predictions of the aHydroQP model with experimental observations. Comparisons illustrate a high level of consistency between our model and the experimental data. The last two chapters are about two applications of the aHydro model to field-theoretical measurables in the QGP. In these chapters, we have calculated the quark self-energy in an anisotropic QGP. The quark self-energy is important because it encodes the way quarks gain interactional mass while in the hot QGP. I also have presented the calculation of gluon self-energy in hard loop approximation in an anisotropic QGP.The gluon self-energy is important since it is related to heavy-quark potential and heavy quarkonium suppression. Heavy quarkonia bound states, besides theoretical importance, serve as a thermometer for the QGP.
Book Synopsis Relativistic Dissipative Hydrodynamic Description of the Quark-Gluon Plasma by : Akihiko Monnai
Download or read book Relativistic Dissipative Hydrodynamic Description of the Quark-Gluon Plasma written by Akihiko Monnai and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-20 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents theoretical and numerical studies on phenomenological description of the quark–gluon plasma (QGP), a many-body system of elementary particles. The author formulates a causal theory of hydrodynamics for systems with net charges from the law of increasing entropy and a momentum expansion method. The derived equation results can be applied not only to collider physics, but also to the early universe and ultra-cold atoms. The author also develops novel off-equilibrium hydrodynamic models for the longitudinal expansion of the QGP on the basis of these equations. Numerical estimations show that convection and entropy production during the hydrodynamic evolution are key to explaining excessive charged particle production, recently observed at the Large Hadron Collider. Furthermore, the analyses at finite baryon density indicate that the energy available for QGP production is larger than the amount conventionally assumed.
Book Synopsis The Physics of the Quark-Gluon Plasma by : Sourav Sarkar
Download or read book The Physics of the Quark-Gluon Plasma written by Sourav Sarkar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-11-25 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to offer to the next generation of young researchers a broad and largely self-contained introduction to the physics of heavy ion collisions and the quark-gluon plasma, providing material beyond that normally found in the available textbooks. For each of the main aspects - QCD thermodynamics and global features of the QGP, collision hydrodynamics, electromagnetic probes, jet and quarkonium production, color glass condensate, and the gravity connection - the present volume provides extensive and pedagogical lectures, surveying the present status of both theory and experiment. A particular feature of this volume is that all lectures have been written with the active assistance of selected students present at the course in order to ensure the adequate level and coverage for the intended readership.
Book Synopsis The Consistent Description of Kinetics and Hydrodynamics of Quark-gluon Plasma on the Basis of Nonequilibrium Thermofield Dynamics by : M. V. Tokarchuk
Download or read book The Consistent Description of Kinetics and Hydrodynamics of Quark-gluon Plasma on the Basis of Nonequilibrium Thermofield Dynamics written by M. V. Tokarchuk and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pre-equilibrium Plasma Dynamics by :
Download or read book Pre-equilibrium Plasma Dynamics written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approaches towards understanding and describing the pre-equilibrium stage of quark-gluon plasma formation in heavy-ion collisions are reviewed. Focus is on a kinetic theory approach to non-equilibrium dynamics, its extension to include the dynamics of color degrees of freedom when applied to the quark-gluon plasma, its quantum field theoretical foundations, and its relationship to both the particle formation stage at the very beginning of the nuclear collision and the hydrodynamic stage at late collision times. The usefulness of this approach to obtain the transport coefficients in the quark-gluon plasma and to derive the collective mode spectrum and damping rates in this phase are discussed. Comments are made on the general difficulty to find appropriated initial conditions to get the kinetic theory started, and a specific model is given that demonstrates that, once given such initial conditions, the system can be followed all the way through into the hydrodynamical regime. 39 refs., 7 figs. (LEW).
Book Synopsis Nonequilibrium Dynamics of the Quark-gluon Plasma in Heavy Ion Collisions by :
Download or read book Nonequilibrium Dynamics of the Quark-gluon Plasma in Heavy Ion Collisions written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the final report of a three-year, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). We have developed field theory and numerical methods for the general problem of quantum back reaction on classical fields, with applications to a wide variety of physical systems. Our main focus was on particle production processes in the time evolution of the quark-gluon plasma following an ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collision. In particular, we studied in some detail the evolution of a disoriented chiral condensate (DCC) produced in the chiral phase transition of nuclear matter in heavy-ion collision experiments. We have also studied dissipation and decoherence as a result of particle production in time-varying mean fields. Numerical codes previously developed for particle production in strong electric fields in quantum electrodynamics (QED) have been modified for the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) problem. We have made specific predictions for energy-momentum flow and pion production in the central rapidity region of experiments to be performed at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC).
Book Synopsis Hydrodynamics and Approach to Equilibrium in Quark-gluon Plasma by : K. Kajantie
Download or read book Hydrodynamics and Approach to Equilibrium in Quark-gluon Plasma written by K. Kajantie and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nonequilibrium Probes of the Quark-gluon Plasma by : Babak Salehi Kasmaei
Download or read book Nonequilibrium Probes of the Quark-gluon Plasma written by Babak Salehi Kasmaei and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of high-energy nuclear physics is to understand the dynamics and properties of the various forms and phases of the strongly-interacting matter. Heavy-ion collision experiments are performed to deposit a large energy density in a very small volume of space and generate a form of extremely hot matter called the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). The behavior of the generated matter shows signatures of collectivity allowing phenomenological models based on statistical or fluid dynamical descriptions to be used successfully to analyze the outcomes the experiments. However, the very short lifetime and the extreme conditions of the QGP call for the construction of theoretical models based on the physics of nonequilibrium systems.Understanding the properties of QGP requires the study of collective excitations in the emergent many-body dynamics of the quarks and gluons as the fundamental objects in the theory of quantum chromodynamics. In this dissertation, the collective excitations of the nonequilibrium QGP are studied by calculating the quark and gluon self-energies within the hard loop effective theory. By extracting the solutions of the gluon dispersion relation in the complex plane, the presence of unstable modes in the momentum-anisotropic QGP is studied. The quark self-energy is also used to calculate the rate of photon emission from QGP in the subsequent studies performed as part of this dissertation. Electromagnetic probes (photons and dileptons) are considered among the best observables for extracting information about the early stages of evolution of the strongly interacting matter produced in heavy-ion collisions. In contrast to the hadrons, the emitted photons and leptons are not distorted by a strong coupling to the medium and they can escape the system with much larger mean free paths. Since the dilepton and photon emission rates from QGP are directly affected by the momentum distribution of the partonic degrees of freedom, their emission patterns can provide information about the nonequilibrium features of the system such as the momentum anisotropy of the distributions. In this dissertation, the effects of momentum anisotropy on the yields and elliptic flow coefficients of the dileptons and photons from QGP are investigated. The emission rates are calculated for distributions featuring ellipsoidal momentum anisotropies, and then the rates are convolved with the space-time evolution of the system using a relativistic hydrodynamical model. The effects of various parameters on the results are studied. In particular, the results are interpreted considering their connections to the extraction of early dynamics of QGP from future experimental data. Another important class of the probes of the nonequilibrium QGP is related to the dynamics of the heavy quarks in the system and their bound states. The properties of the heavy bound states, such as their decay rates, are affected by the hot and dense strongly interacting medium. Heavy quarks, due to their longer relaxation times, are also used to probe the transport properties of the QGP perturbed out of equilibrium. The potential for a bound state inside a hot medium may acquire an imaginary part. In this dissertation, the imaginary part of the heavy quark potential is calculated using classical-statistical simulations of the Yang-Mills theory on lattice. The connection of the results to the momentum diffusion of the heavy quarks is discussed. Lattice computation for the real-time dynamics of the non-Abelian theories allows for the nonperturbative analysis of the systems in and out of equilibrium.
Book Synopsis Non-equilibrium QCD of High-energy Multi-gluon Dynamics by :
Download or read book Non-equilibrium QCD of High-energy Multi-gluon Dynamics written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A non-equilibrium QCD description of multiparticle dynamics in space-time is of both fundamental and phenomenological interest. Here the authors discusses an attempt to derive from first principles, a real-time formalism to study the dynamical interplay of quantum and statistical-kinetic properties of non-equilibrium multi-parton systems produced in high-energy QCD processes. The ultimate goal (from which one is still far away) is to have a practically applicable description of the space-time evolution of a general initial system of gluons and quarks, characterized by some large energy or momentum scale, that expands, diffuses and dissipates according to the self- and mutual-interactions, and eventually converts dynamically into final state hadrons. For example, the evolution of parton showers in the mechanism of parton-hadron conversion in high-energy hadronic collisions, or, the description of formation, evolution and freezeout of a quark-gluon plasma, in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
Book Synopsis Characterizing the Non-equilibrium Quark-gluon Plasma with Photons and Hadrons by : Jean-François Paquet
Download or read book Characterizing the Non-equilibrium Quark-gluon Plasma with Photons and Hadrons written by Jean-François Paquet and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Heavy ion collisions can be used to study the properties of nuclear matter in extreme conditions. These events concentrate enough energy in a small volume to melt the colliding nuclei into a plasma of quarks and gluons. This plasma appears to achieve near local thermal equilibrium during its very short lifetime, allowing for its long scale properties to be investigated with hydrodynamics. In this thesis, the production of hadrons and photons in heavy ion collisions is studied using a sophisticated hydrodynamical model that includes realistic initial conditions, hydrodynamical equations with both shear and bulk viscosities, along with an appropriate treatment of final state hadronic rescatterings. A wide range of hadronic observables, measured at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), are shown to be described well by this model, and bulk viscosity is found to be essential to this level of agreement with data. Building on this successful model, direct photon production in heavy ion collisions is studied. The effect on photon emission of the emitting medium's viscosity is investigated, and the method for evaluating direct photon momentum anisotropies for comparisons with experimental measurements is clarified. Both the direct photon spectrum and momentum anisotropy are shown to be within or slightly below the uncertainties of available experimental measurements." --
Book Synopsis Relativistic Fluid Dynamics in and out of Equilibrium by : Paul Romatschke
Download or read book Relativistic Fluid Dynamics in and out of Equilibrium written by Paul Romatschke and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-09 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a powerful new framework for out-of-equilibrium hydrodynamics, with connections to kinetic theory, AdS/CFT and applications to high-energy particle collisions.
Book Synopsis Nonequilibrium Dynamics of a Hadronizing Quark-gluon Plasma by :
Download or read book Nonequilibrium Dynamics of a Hadronizing Quark-gluon Plasma written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Momentum Broadening and Collinear Radiation in a Non-equilibrium Quark-gluon Plasma by : Sigtryggur Hauksson
Download or read book Momentum Broadening and Collinear Radiation in a Non-equilibrium Quark-gluon Plasma written by Sigtryggur Hauksson and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Heavy-ion collisions produce high-temperature strongly interacting matter known as the quark-gluon plasma. The plasma is out of thermal equilibrium at all stages of its evolution and thus provides a window into transport coefficients and hydrodynamization of non-equilibrium quantum chromodynamics (QCD): the theory of the strong force. Jets and photons are two experimental probes that are particularly sensitive to the evolution of the plasma, including its non-equilibrium properties. In order to use these probes to study non-equilibrium QCD, a thorough understanding of the physics of jets and photons in a non-equilibrium plasma is needed. This includes transverse momentum broadening of jet partons, as well as the collinear bremsstrahlung of photons and gluons. In this thesis, we evaluate the rate of transverse momentum broadening of a parton in a non-equilibrium plasma. This is done by calculating the occupation density of soft gluons radiated by medium particles which are assumed to be anisotropically distributed in momentum space. Our results show that momentum broadening is reduced relative to a plasma in equilibrium because of increased screening. We furthermore establish that spurious divergences in the rate of momentum broadening are due to plasma instabilities and are cured when time evolution of the plasma is taken into account. To do this we evaluate analytically the time evolution of two-point gluon correlators in an unstable plasma. Finally, we analyze collinear bremsstrahlung of photons and gluons in a non-equilibrium plasma. Our calculation includes the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect. We develop numerical methods to calculate the bremsstrahlung rate in an anisotropic plasma and show that the rate of photon production is reduced compared with thermal equilibrium, especially at higher photon momenta"--
Book Synopsis The Physics of the Quark-Gluon Plasma by : Sourav Sarkar
Download or read book The Physics of the Quark-Gluon Plasma written by Sourav Sarkar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-03-01 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to offer to the next generation of young researchers a broad and largely self-contained introduction to the physics of heavy ion collisions and the quark-gluon plasma, providing material beyond that normally found in the available textbooks. For each of the main aspects - QCD thermodynamics and global features of the QGP, collision hydrodynamics, electromagnetic probes, jet and quarkonium production, color glass condensate, and the gravity connection - the present volume provides extensive and pedagogical lectures, surveying the present status of both theory and experiment. A particular feature of this volume is that all lectures have been written with the active assistance of selected students present at the course in order to ensure the adequate level and coverage for the intended readership.
Book Synopsis Quark-gluon Plasma 4 by : Rudolph C Hwa
Download or read book Quark-gluon Plasma 4 written by Rudolph C Hwa and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010-02-09 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a review volume containing articles written by experts on current theoretical topics in the subject of Quark-Gluon Plasma created in heavy-ion collisions at high energy. It is the fourth volume in the series with the same title sequenced numerically. The articles are written in a pedagogical style so that they can be helpful to a wide range of researchers from graduate students to mature physicists who have not worked previously on the subject. A reader should be able to learn from the reviews without having extensive knowledge of the background literature.
Book Synopsis Quark-gluon Plasma 5 by : Xin-nian Wang
Download or read book Quark-gluon Plasma 5 written by Xin-nian Wang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-01-21 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the fifth volume in the series on the subject of quark-gluon plasma, a unique phase created in heavy-ion collisions at high energy. It contains review articles by the world experts on various aspects of quark-gluon plasma taking into account the advances driven by the latest experimental data collected at both the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The articles are pedagogical and comprehensive which can be helpful for both new researchers entering the field as well as the experienced physicists working on the subject.
