No Turning Back Life Loss And Hope In Wartime Syria

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No Turning Back: Life, Loss, and Hope in Wartime Syria

Author : Rania Abouzeid
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393609502
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (936 download)

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Book Synopsis No Turning Back: Life, Loss, and Hope in Wartime Syria by : Rania Abouzeid

Download or read book No Turning Back: Life, Loss, and Hope in Wartime Syria written by Rania Abouzeid and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2018-03-13 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Rania Abouzeid has produced a work of stunning reportage from the very heart of the conflict, daring to go to the most dangerous places in order to get the story.” —Dexter Filkins, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of The Forever War Award-winning journalist Rania Abouzeid dissects the tangle of ideologies and allegiances that make up the Syrian conflict through the dramatic stories of four young people seeking safety and freedom in a shattered country. Hailed by critics, No Turning Back masterfully “[weaves] together the lives of protestors, victims, and remorseless killers at the center of this century’s most appalling human tragedy” (Robert F. Worth). Based on more than five years of fearless, clandestine reporting, No Turning Back brings readers deep inside Bashar al-Assad’s prisons, to covert meetings where foreign states and organizations manipulated the rebels, and to the highest levels of Islamic militancy and the formation of the Islamic State. An utterly engrossing human drama full of vivid, indelible characters, No Turning Back shows how hope can flourish even amid one of the twenty-first century’s greatest humanitarian disasters. Winner of the Overseas Press Club of America's Cornelius Ryan Award for the best non-fiction book on international affairs and a finalist for the Lionel Gelber Prize.

Sisters of the War: Two Remarkable True Stories of Survival and Hope in Syria (Scholastic Focus)

Author : Rania Abouzeid
Publisher : Scholastic Inc.
ISBN 13 : 1338551132
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (385 download)

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Book Synopsis Sisters of the War: Two Remarkable True Stories of Survival and Hope in Syria (Scholastic Focus) by : Rania Abouzeid

Download or read book Sisters of the War: Two Remarkable True Stories of Survival and Hope in Syria (Scholastic Focus) written by Rania Abouzeid and published by Scholastic Inc.. This book was released on 2020-09-15 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An extraordinary true account of the enormous tragedy of the Syrian civil conflict. Since the revolution-turned-civil war in Syria began in 2011, over 500,000 civilians have been killed and more than 12 million Syrians have been displaced. Rania Abouzeid, one of the foremost journalists on the topic, follows two pairs of sisters from opposite sides of the conflict to give readers a firsthand glimpse of the turmoil and devastation this strife has wrought. Sunni Muslim Ruha and her younger sister Alaa withstand constant attacks by the Syrian government in rebel-held territory. Alawite sisters Hanin and Jawa try to carry on as normal in the police state of regime-held Syria. The girls grow up in a world where nightly bombings are routine and shrapnel counts as toys. They bear witness to arrests, killings, demolished homes, and further atrocities most adults could not imagine. Still, war does not dampen their sense of hope.Through the stories of Ruha and Alaa and Hanin and Jawa, Abouzeid presents a clear-eyed and page-turning account of the complex conditions in Syria leading to the onset of the harrowing conflict. With Abouzeid's careful attention and remarkable reporting, she crafts an incredibly empathetic and nuanced narrative of the Syrian civil war, and the promise of progress these young people still embody.

The China Mission: George Marshall's Unfinished War, 1945-1947

Author : Daniel Kurtz-Phelan
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393243087
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (932 download)

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Book Synopsis The China Mission: George Marshall's Unfinished War, 1945-1947 by : Daniel Kurtz-Phelan

Download or read book The China Mission: George Marshall's Unfinished War, 1945-1947 written by Daniel Kurtz-Phelan and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2018-04-10 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Economist Best Book of 2018 A spellbinding narrative of the high-stakes mission that changed the course of America, China, and global politics—and a rich portrait of the towering, complex figure who carried it out. As World War II came to an end, General George Marshall was renowned as the architect of Allied victory. Set to retire, he instead accepted what he thought was a final mission—this time not to win a war, but to stop one. Across the Pacific, conflict between Chinese Nationalists and Communists threatened to suck in the United States and escalate into revolution. His assignment was to broker a peace, build a Chinese democracy, and prevent a Communist takeover, all while staving off World War III. In his thirteen months in China, Marshall journeyed across battle-scarred landscapes, grappled with Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, and plotted and argued with Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek and his brilliant wife, often over card games or cocktails. The results at first seemed miraculous. But as they started to come apart, Marshall was faced with a wrenching choice. Its consequences would define the rest of his career, as the secretary of state who launched the Marshall Plan and set the standard for American leadership, and the shape of the Cold War and the US-China relationship for decades to come. It would also help spark one of the darkest turns in American civic life, as Marshall and the mission became a first prominent target of McCarthyism, and the question of “who lost China” roiled American politics. The China Mission traces this neglected turning point and forgotten interlude in a heroic career—a story of not just diplomatic wrangling and guerrilla warfare, but also intricate spycraft and charismatic personalities. Drawing on eyewitness accounts both personal and official, it offers a richly detailed, gripping, close-up, and often surprising view of the central figures of the time—from Marshall, Mao, and Chiang to Eisenhower, Truman, and MacArthur—as they stood face-to-face and struggled to make history, with consequences and lessons that echo today.

The Forever War

Author : Dexter Filkins
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 0307279448
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (72 download)

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Book Synopsis The Forever War by : Dexter Filkins

Download or read book The Forever War written by Dexter Filkins and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2009-06-02 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NATIONAL BOOK CRITICS CIRCLE AWARD WINNER • NATIONAL BESTSELLER • The definitive account of America's conflict with Islamic fundamentalism and a searing exploration of its human costs—an instant classic of war reporting from the Pulitzer Prize winning journalist. Through the eyes of Dexter Filkins, a foreign correspondent for the New York Times, we witness the rise of the Taliban in the 1990s, the aftermath of the attack on New York on September 11th, and the American wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Filkins is the only American journalist to have reported on all these events, and his experiences are conveyed in a riveting narrative filled with unforgettable characters and astonishing scenes. Brilliant and fearless, The Forever War is not just about America's wars after 9/11, but about the nature of war itself.

A Hope More Powerful than the Sea

Author : Melissa Fleming
Publisher : Hachette UK
ISBN 13 : 1408708426
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis A Hope More Powerful than the Sea by : Melissa Fleming

Download or read book A Hope More Powerful than the Sea written by Melissa Fleming and published by Hachette UK. This book was released on 2017-01-24 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soon to be a major film, produced by Steven Spielberg and J. J. Abrams. This is the story of Doaa, an ordinary girl from a village in Syria, who in 2015 became one of five hundred people crammed on to a fishing boat setting sail for Europe. The boat was deliberately capsized, and of those five hundred people, eleven survived; they were rescued four days after the boat sank. Doaa was one of them - her fiancé Bassem, with whom she had fled, was not; he drowned in front of her. Melissa Fleming, the Chief Spokesperson for the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, heard about Doaa and the death of 489 of her fellow refugees on the day she was pulled out of the water. She decided to fly to Crete to meet this extraordinary girl, who had rescued a toddler when she was nearly dead herself. They struck an instant bond, and Melissa saw in Doaa the story of the war in Syria embodied by one young woman. She has decided to tell Doaa's story - the dangers she fled, and the journey she risked to escape the conflagration in her homeland. Doaa is the face of the millions of mothers, fathers, sisters, brothers, daughters and sons who risk everything as they try to escape war, violence and death. Doaa's story will revolutionize how we see the thousands of people who die every year in search of a home. It will squarely face one of the greatest moral questions of our age: will we let more people die in boats and trucks, or will we find a way to help them?

Destroying a Nation

Author : Nikolaos Van Dam
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1786722488
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)

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Book Synopsis Destroying a Nation by : Nikolaos Van Dam

Download or read book Destroying a Nation written by Nikolaos Van Dam and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-07-30 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the Arab Spring, Syria descended into civil and sectarian conflict. It has since become a fractured warzone which operates as a breeding ground for new terrorist movements including ISIS as well as the root cause of the greatest refugee crisis in modern history. In this important book, former Special Envoy of the Netherlands to Syria, Nikolaos van Dam, explains the recent history of Syria, covering the growing disenchantment with the Asad regime, the chaos of civil war and the fractures which led to an immense amount of destruction in the refined social fabric of what used to be the Syrian nation. Through an in-depth examination, van Dam traces political developments within the Asad regime and the various opposition groups from the Arab Spring to the present day, and provides a deeper insight into the conflict and the possibilities and obstacles for reaching a political solution.

Where the Dead Sit Talking

Author : Brandon Hobson
Publisher : Soho Press
ISBN 13 : 1616958871
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (169 download)

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Book Synopsis Where the Dead Sit Talking by : Brandon Hobson

Download or read book Where the Dead Sit Talking written by Brandon Hobson and published by Soho Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With his single mother in jail, Sequoyah, a 15-year-old Cherokee boy, is placed in foster care with the Troutt family. Literally and figuratively scarred by his unstable upbringing, Sequoyah has spent years mostly keeping to himself, living with his emotions pressed deep below the surface - that is, until he meets 17-year-old Rosemary, another youth staying with the Troutts. Sequoyah and Rosemary bond over their shared Native American background and tumultuous paths through the foster care system, but as Sequoyah's feelings towards Rosemary deepen, the precariousness of their lives and the scars of their pasts threaten to undo them both.

We Crossed a Bridge and It Trembled

Author : Wendy Pearlman
Publisher : HarperCollins
ISBN 13 : 0062654454
Total Pages : 183 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (626 download)

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Book Synopsis We Crossed a Bridge and It Trembled by : Wendy Pearlman

Download or read book We Crossed a Bridge and It Trembled written by Wendy Pearlman and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2017-06-06 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LONG-LISTED FOR THE CARNEGIE MEDAL Reminiscent of the work of Nobel Prize winner Svetlana Alexievich, an astonishing collection of intimate wartime testimonies and poetic fragments from a cross-section of Syrians whose lives have been transformed by revolution, war, and flight. Against the backdrop of the wave of demonstrations known as the Arab Spring, in 2011 hundreds of thousands of Syrians took to the streets demanding freedom, democracy and human rights. The government’s ferocious response, and the refusal of the demonstrators to back down, sparked a brutal civil war that over the past five years has escalated into the worst humanitarian catastrophe of our times. Yet despite all the reporting, the video, and the wrenching photography, the stories of ordinary Syrians remain unheard, while the stories told about them have been distorted by broad brush dread and political expediency. This fierce and poignant collection changes that. Based on interviews with hundreds of displaced Syrians conducted over four years across the Middle East and Europe, We Crossed a Bridge and It Trembled is a breathtaking mosaic of first-hand testimonials from the frontlines. Some of the testimonies are several pages long, eloquent narratives that could stand alone as short stories; others are only a few sentences, poetic and aphoristic. Together, they cohere into an unforgettable chronicle that is not only a testament to the power of storytelling but to the strength of those who face darkness with hope, courage, and moral conviction.

The Stray Cats of Homs

Author : Eva Nour
Publisher : Black Swan
ISBN 13 : 9781784164928
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (649 download)

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Book Synopsis The Stray Cats of Homs by : Eva Nour

Download or read book The Stray Cats of Homs written by Eva Nour and published by Black Swan. This book was released on 2021-09-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'An incredible book. Profoundly affecting and deeply soulful. This book will stay with me forever.' Ruth Jones, No.1 Sunday Times bestselling author I don't know how you've made it this far . . . Sami's childhood is much like any other - school with his friends, dinners with his family, playing with his pets (stray cats and dogs, and the turtle he keeps on the roof). But with Syria at war with itself, nothing is really normal. And Sami's hopes for a better future are about to be ripped away. Inspired by extraordinary true events, The Stray Cats of Homs is the breathtaking story of a young man who will do anything to keep the dream of home alive. ___ 'An absolutely riveting novel and a searing and incredibly important book. Storytelling at its best.' Donal Ryan 'Warm, captivating and inspiring.' Mike Thomson, author of Syria's Secret Library 'Compelling and uncompromising' BBC Radio 4, Sunday

The Home That Was Our Country

Author : Alia Malek
Publisher : Bold Type Books
ISBN 13 : 9781568588445
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (884 download)

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Book Synopsis The Home That Was Our Country by : Alia Malek

Download or read book The Home That Was Our Country written by Alia Malek and published by Bold Type Books. This book was released on 2018-03-13 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alia Malek weaves a lyrical narrative around the history of her family's apartment building in the heart of Damascus, the many lives that crossed in the stairwell, and how the fates of her neighbors reflect the fate of her country. Reading Group Guide Included At the Arab Spring's hopeful start, Alia Malek returned to Damascus to reclaim her grandmother's apartment, which had been lost to her family since Hafez al-Assad came to power in 1970. Its loss was central to her parent's decision to make their lives in America. In chronicling the people who lived in the Tahaan building, past and present, Alia portrays the Syrians--the Muslims, Christians, Jews, Armenians, and Kurds--who worked, loved, and suffered in close quarters, mirroring the political shifts in their country. Restoring her family's home as the country comes apart, she learns how to speak the coded language of oppression that exists in a dictatorship, while privately confronting her own fears about Syria's future. The Home That Was Our Country is a deeply researched, personal journey that shines a delicate but piercing light on Syrian history, society, and politics. Teeming with insights, the narrative weaves acute political analysis with a century of intimate family history, delivering an unforgettable portrait of the Syria that is being erased.

Syria Crucified

Author : Zachary Wingerd
Publisher : Ancient Faith Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781955890038
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Syria Crucified by : Zachary Wingerd

Download or read book Syria Crucified written by Zachary Wingerd and published by Ancient Faith Publishing. This book was released on 2021-11-02 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The tragic war in Syria along with the plight of the Christians there remains among the most misunderstood situations in the world today. Syria Crucified seeks to contribute to better understanding in the West by giving a voice to individual Syrian Christians living in exile from their homeland. These men and women have undergone horrific trauma and loss without losing their faith in God or the ability to forgive their persecutors. Their first-person accounts, framed by the authors' narration for historical, cultural, and geopolitical context, are both edifying and inspiring.

Syrian Civil War

Author : Robert M. Kerr
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1440859221
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis Syrian Civil War by : Robert M. Kerr

Download or read book Syrian Civil War written by Robert M. Kerr and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2020-02-24 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This invaluable resource provides students with a comprehensive overview of the Syrian Civil War, with roughly 100 in-depth articles by leading scholars on an array of key topics and several important primary source documents. This important work provides a thorough introduction to the origins, events, and impact of the devastating Syrian Civil War, illuminating the complexities and the consequences of this long-lasting conflict. From the emergence of the war in early 2011 following the Arab Spring that swept across the Middle East, to the rise of the Islamic State (ISIS), through the re-establishing of control of most of the country by Syrian president Bashar al-Assad's armed forces by late 2018, this comprehensive work covers every aspect of this conflict that has devastated millions. The book begins with a detailed overview of the Syrian Civil War that provides context to each of the reference entries that follow. The introductory material also includes essays on the causes and consequences of the war. Next comes the A–Z reference entries on such topics as Bashar al-Assad, chemical weapons, the refugee crisis, the Battle of Saraqeb, and White Helmets. In addition, the book includes about a dozen curated and contextualized primary source documents along with a comprehensive chronology and an extensive bibliography.

Syria Divided

Author : Ora Szekely
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231555989
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Syria Divided by : Ora Szekely

Download or read book Syria Divided written by Ora Szekely and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2023-08-15 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The civil war in Syria—which has claimed more than 600,000 lives and displaced over half of the country’s population since 2011—is an enormously complex conflict. The combatants include a wide array of state and nonstate forces, both Syrian and international. Adding to the war’s complexity, its many participants understand and explain the war in a range of different ways. For some, it is a fight for dignity and democracy; for others, a sectarian or communal conflict; still others see it as a fight against terrorism or a consequence of foreign interference. Ora Szekely draws on sources including in-depth interviews, conflict data, and propaganda distributed through social media to examine how these competing narratives have shaped the course of the conflict. Mapping out the broad patterns of violence among combatants and against civilians, Szekely argues that the competition to control the narrative in the eyes of important audiences at home and abroad has not only influenced the choices of participants, it has also—shaped in part by the use of social media—led many to treat warfare as a kind of performance. An insightful analysis of the forces fueling a brutal civil war, Syria Divided offers new perspectives on the performative aspects of violence, the weaponization of social media, and key features of twenty-first-century warfare.

Map of Hope and Sorrow

Author : Helen Benedict
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1804440213
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Map of Hope and Sorrow by : Helen Benedict

Download or read book Map of Hope and Sorrow written by Helen Benedict and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2022-10-18 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stories of refugees who fled violence or persecution only to become trapped in the worst refugee camps in Europe. Helen Benedict, award-winning British-American professor of journalism at Columbia University, teams up with Syrian writer and refugee, Eyad Awwadawnan, to present the stories of five refugees who have endured long and dangerous journeys from the Middle East and Africa to Greece. Hasan, Asmahan, Evans, Mursal and Calvin each tell their story, tracing the trajectory of their lives from homes and families in Syria, Afghanistan, Nigeria and Cameroon to the brutal refugee camps, where they are trapped in a strange and hostile world. These are compelling, first-person stories of resilience, suffering and hope, told in a depth rarely seen in non-fiction, partly because one of the authors is a refugee himself, and partly because both authors spent years getting to know the interviewees and winning their trust. The women and men in this book tell their stories in their own words, retaining control and dignity, while revealing intimate and heartfelt scenes from their lives.

Conflict Propaganda in Syria

Author : Oliver Boyd-Barrett
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000523837
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Conflict Propaganda in Syria by : Oliver Boyd-Barrett

Download or read book Conflict Propaganda in Syria written by Oliver Boyd-Barrett and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-12-28 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates rival narratives about the conflict in Syria from 2011 onwards. It examines the starkly different narratives about the Syrian conflict told by mainly Western mainstream and alternative media, and contrasts these narratives with the equally polarized but more nuanced narratives of mainly Western scholars and long-form journalists. Differences of narrative concerning the conflict include: what is deemed relevant context in trying to explain the war; whether the war is best seen as a civil conflict or as a proxy war fought among external powers; the degree of emphasis given to the alleged crimes of the Syrian regime as opposed to the alleged violence of Salafist militia; the accuracy of the "origin" story of the conflict in Daraa; the extent to which the initial protestors were secular campaigners calling for democracy or whether they were Muslim extremists seeking a sectarian society governed by sharia law. Several case studies of propaganda institutions are examined here, including the journalism of Marie Colvin; the role of government-funded NGOs; the controversies surrounding each of three major instances of alleged regime use of chemical weapons, and the politicization of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). This book will be of much interest to students of media and communication studies, propaganda studies, Middle Eastern politics, and International Relations in general.

Syrian Requiem

Author : Itamar Rabinovich
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691242070
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Syrian Requiem by : Itamar Rabinovich

Download or read book Syrian Requiem written by Itamar Rabinovich and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2022-12-20 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Syrian crisis is not over yet but the period of full-fledged civil war in that country appears to be drawing to a close, and it is now possible to view this calamity with some perspective. This short book will address the following questions about the conflict: How and why did quiet demonstrations in Southern Syria develop into a brutal civil war? Why did the political opposition to the regime of Bashar al-Assad remain weak and divided? How did radical Jihadi Islamists take over the main military opposition to the Syrian regime? How did the Syrian conflict become a main arena of the Saudi-Iranian regional rivalry? What explains the ambivalent Western attitude towards the Syrian rebellion? How did US policy under the Obama administration evolve and why did both Obama and Trump decide not to make a major investment in it? How stable is the status quo? And how could the conflict re-erupt in a different form? According to Rabinovitch, the Syrian regime and its supporters (including the Russians and the Iranians) have indeed emerged as victors, but it's a limited victory at best. The Syrian state under Assad controls only about 60 percent of the national territory and the potential for renewed violence is considerable. Assad's continued survival has come at the cost of deep dependency on Iran and Russia; his is now, arguably, a vassal state. This means that the country will remain in crisis for the foreseeable future, even if the full-scale civil war phase has come to an end. In his last chapter, Rabinovich will recommend policy options for the U.S"--

The Syrian Information and Propaganda War

Author : Ben Cole
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030932826
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis The Syrian Information and Propaganda War by : Ben Cole

Download or read book The Syrian Information and Propaganda War written by Ben Cole and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-22 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the propaganda war between the Syrian government and the opposition movement, which excludes the Islamic State and the Kurdish-led SDF. Drawing on international relations, psychology, and media studies, the book encourages readers to question the dominant discourse on the war. The core of the book outlines the propaganda battles over the main paradigms and narratives that framed the war, exploring the shortcomings of those paradigms and narratives, identifying who won the propaganda war and why, and assessing what impact it had on the military side of the war. In particular, it focuses on the role of cognitive bias amongst primary and secondary sources in determining the outcome of the propaganda war, and whether the influence of this propaganda is best explained by effects or limited effects theory. Through explaining the dynamics of the propaganda war, the book encourages readers to critically question the dominant discourse on the war, assists them in understanding primary and secondary reporting on the war, and shows that the impact of the propaganda war is best understood in terms of limited effects theory. The book's main findings are that: i) the opposition won the international propaganda war but failed to win the propaganda war inside Syria; ii) propaganda had relatively little effect on shaping attitudes either inside Syria or internationally (instead, its main effect was to reinforce attitudes that had already been shaped by other factors); and iii) the reality of the war lies between the conflicting paradigms and narratives being promoted by each side.