New Foundations Of Ontology

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New Foundations of Ontology

Author : Gustav Bergmann
Publisher : Univ of Wisconsin Press
ISBN 13 : 9780299131302
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (313 download)

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Book Synopsis New Foundations of Ontology by : Gustav Bergmann

Download or read book New Foundations of Ontology written by Gustav Bergmann and published by Univ of Wisconsin Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This posthumous work by Gustav Bergmann was essentially complete before his death in 1987. In it, he proposes a systematic ontological system that would account for all the basic areas of human thought and experience within an extended framework of logical atomism. Bergmann's approach to traditional problems of ontology seeks to balance the competing demands of phenomenology, which emphasizes the reality presented to us by experience, and of metaphysics, which delineates the most general kinds of existents given in experience and the most general kinds of relationships they bear to one another. Beginning with atomic facts composed of phenomenally presented qualities, Bergmann goes on to develop an ontology that can account for the ordinary objects of everyday experience, the mental states through which we become aware of and acquire knowledge of these objects, and even the truths of logic and mathematics that allow us to extend our thought and discourse about ordinary objects beyond what may be phenomenally apparent. Many ontologists will be particularly interested in the attention Bergmann pays to the concept of logical form. In his earlier works, Bergmann claimed that "the form of the world is in the world"; the "fact" that a thing or a complex has a certain logical or syntactic form, he argued, is itself one more fact of our experienced reality, rather than a contribution of the mind or of linguistic conventions. Critics of this claim have suggested that paradoxes and contradictions result from it. In New Foundations of Ontology Bergmann responds, arguing that his concept of logical form does not necessarily create the problems noted in earlier critiques.

Metametaphysics

Author : David Chalmers
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN 13 : 0199546045
Total Pages : 540 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)

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Book Synopsis Metametaphysics by : David Chalmers

Download or read book Metametaphysics written by David Chalmers and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2009-02-19 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metaphysics asks questions about existence: for example, do numbers really exist? Metametaphysics asksquestions about metaphysics: for example, do its questions have determinate answers? If so, are these answers deep and important, or are they merely a matter of how we use words? What is the proper methodology for their resolution? These questions have received a heightened degree of attention lately with new varieties of ontological deflationism and pluralism challenging the kind of realism that has become orthodoxy in contemporary analytic metaphysics.This volume concerns the status and ambitions of metaphysics as a discipline. It brings together many of the central figures in the debate with their most recent work on the semantics, epistemology, and methodology of metaphysics.

Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications

Author : P. Hitzler
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 1614996768
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (149 download)

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Book Synopsis Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications by : P. Hitzler

Download or read book Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications written by P. Hitzler and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2016-09-16 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of ontologies for data and knowledge organization has become ubiquitous in many data-intensive and knowledge-driven application areas, in science, industry, and the humanities. At the same time, ontology engineering best practices continue to evolve. In particular, modular ontology modeling based on ontology design patterns is establishing itself as an approach for creating versatile and extendable ontologies for data management and integration. This book is the very first comprehensive treatment of Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns. It contains both advanced and introductory material accessible for readers with only a minimal background in ontology modeling. Some introductory material is written in the style of tutorials, and specific chapters are devoted to examples and to applications. Other chapters convey the state of the art in research regarding ontology design patterns. The editors and the contributing authors include the leading contributors to the development of ontology-design-pattern-driven ontology engineering.

Ontology: Laying the Foundations

Author : Nicolai Hartmann
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110627353
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Ontology: Laying the Foundations by : Nicolai Hartmann

Download or read book Ontology: Laying the Foundations written by Nicolai Hartmann and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-10-21 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is no exaggeration to say that of the early 20th century German philosophers who claimed to establish a new ontology, former neo-Kantian turned realist Nicolai Hartmann is the only one to have actually followed through. "Ontology: Laying the Foundations" deals with "what is insofar as it is," and its four parts tackle traditional ontological assumptions and prejudices and traditional categories such as substance, thing, individual, whole, object, and phenomenon; a novel redefinition of existence and essence in terms of the ontological factors Dasein and Sosein and their interrelations; an analysis of modes of "givenness" and the ontological embeddedness of cognition in affective transcendent acts; and a discussion of the status of ideal being, including mathematical being, phenomenological essences, logical laws, values, and the interconnections between the ideal and real spheres. Hartmann’s work offers rich resources for those interested in overcoming the human-centeredness of much 20th century philosophy. Hartmann’s work offers rich resources for those interested in overcoming the human-centeredness of much 20th century philosophy.

Quine, New Foundations, and the Philosophy of Set Theory

Author : Sean Morris
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110715250X
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Quine, New Foundations, and the Philosophy of Set Theory by : Sean Morris

Download or read book Quine, New Foundations, and the Philosophy of Set Theory written by Sean Morris and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-12-13 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an accessible mathematical and philosophical account of Quine's set theory, New Foundations.

A New Social Ontology of Government

Author : Daniel Little
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303048923X
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis A New Social Ontology of Government by : Daniel Little

Download or read book A New Social Ontology of Government written by Daniel Little and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-07 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a better understanding of some of the central puzzles of empirical political science: how does “government” express will and purpose? How do political institutions come to have effective causal powers in the administration of policy and regulation? What accounts for both plasticity and perseverance of political institutions and practices? And how are we to formulate a better understanding of the persistence of dysfunctions in government and public administration – failures to achieve public goods, the persistence of self-dealing behavior by the actors of the state, and the apparent ubiquity of corruption even within otherwise high-functioning governments?

The Four-Category Ontology

Author : E. J. Lowe
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199254397
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis The Four-Category Ontology by : E. J. Lowe

Download or read book The Four-Category Ontology written by E. J. Lowe and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: E. J. Lowe sets out and defends his theory of what there is. His four-category ontology is a metaphysical system that recognizes two fundamental categorial distinctions which cut across each other to generate four fundamental ontological categories. The distinctions are between the particular and the universal and between the substantial and the non-substantial. The four categories thus generated are substantial particulars, non-substantial particulars, substantial universals andnon-substantial universals. Non-substantial universals include properties and relations, conceived as universals. Non-substantial particulars include property-instances and relation-instances, otherwise known as non-relational and relational tropes or modes. Substantial particulars include propertiedindividuals, the paradigm examples of which are persisting, concrete objects. Substantial universals are otherwise known as substantial kinds and include as paradigm examples natural kinds of persisting objects.This ontology has a lengthy pedigree, many commentators attributing it to Aristotle on the basis of certain passages in his apparently early work, the Categories. At various times during the history of Western philosophy, it has been revived or rediscovered, but it has never found universal favour, perhaps on account of its apparent lack of parsimony as well as its commitment to universals. In pursuit of ontological economy, metaphysicians have generally preferred to recognize fewerthan four fundamental ontological categories. However, Occam's razor stipulates only that we should not multiply entities beyond necessity; Lowe argues that the four-category ontology has an explanatory power unrivalled by more parsimonious systems, and that this counts decisively in its favour. He shows thatit provides a powerful explanatory framework for a unified account of causation, dispositions, natural laws, natural necessity and many other related matters, such as the semantics of counterfactual conditionals and the character of the truthmaking relation. As such, it constitutes a thoroughgoing metaphysical foundation for natural science.

The Ontology of Spacetime

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080461883
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ontology of Spacetime by :

Download or read book The Ontology of Spacetime written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-07-10 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains selected papers from the First International Conference on the Ontology of Spacetime. Its fourteen chapters address two main questions: first, what is the current status of the substantivalism/relationalism debate, and second, what about the prospects of presentism and becoming within present-day physics and its philosophy? The overall tenor of the four chapters of the book’s first part is that the prospects of spacetime substantivalism are bleak, although different possible positions remain with respect to the ontological status of spacetime. Part II and Part III of the book are devoted to presentism, eternalism, and becoming, from two different perspectives. In the six chapters of Part II it is argued, in different ways, that relativity theory does not have essential consequences for these issues. It certainly is true that the structure of time is different, according to relativity theory, from the one in classical theory. But that does not mean that a decision is forced between presentism and eternalism, or that becoming has proved to be an impossible concept. It may even be asked whether presentism and eternalism really offer different ontological perspectives at all. The writers of the last four chapters, in Part III, disagree. They argue that relativity theory is incompatible with becoming and presentism. Several of them come up with proposals to go beyond relativity, in order to restore the prospects of presentism. · Space and time in present-day physics and philosophy · Introduction from scratch of the debates surrounding time · Broad spectrum of approaches, coherently represented

Ontology, Epistemology, and Teleology for Modeling and Simulation

Author : Andreas Tolk
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642311407
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Ontology, Epistemology, and Teleology for Modeling and Simulation by : Andreas Tolk

Download or read book Ontology, Epistemology, and Teleology for Modeling and Simulation written by Andreas Tolk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-10 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, internationally recognized experts in philosophy of science, computer science, and modeling and simulation are contributing to the discussion on how ontology, epistemology, and teleology will contribute to enable the next generation of intelligent modeling and simulation applications. It is well understood that a simulation can provide the technical means to display the behavior of a system over time, including following observed trends to predict future possible states, but how reliable and trustworthy are such predictions? The questions about what we can know (ontology), how we gain new knowledge (epistemology), and what we do with this knowledge (teleology) are therefore illuminated from these very different perspectives, as each experts uses a different facet to look at these challenges. The result of bringing these perspectives into one book is a challenging compendium that gives room for a spectrum of challenges: from general philosophy questions, such as can we use modeling and simulation and other computational means at all to discover new knowledge, down to computational methods to improve semantic interoperability between systems or methods addressing how to apply the recent insights of service oriented approaches to support distributed artificial intelligence. As such, this book has been compiled as an entry point to new domains for students, scholars, and practitioners and to raise the curiosity in them to learn more to fully address the topics of ontology, epistemology, and teleology from philosophical, computational, and conceptual viewpoints.

Scientific Ontology

Author : Anjan Chakravartty
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190651474
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Ontology by : Anjan Chakravartty

Download or read book Scientific Ontology written by Anjan Chakravartty and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-30 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both science and philosophy are interested in questions of ontology - questions about what exists and what these things are like. Science and philosophy, however, seem like very different ways of investigating the world, so how should one proceed? Some defer to the sciences, conceived as something apart from philosophy, and others to metaphysics, conceived as something apart from science, for certain kinds of answers. This book contends that these sorts of deference are misconceived. A compelling account of ontology must appreciate the ways in which the sciences incorporate metaphysical assumptions and arguments. At the same time, it must pay careful attention to how observation, experience, and the empirical dimensions of science are related to what may be viewed as defensible philosophical theorizing about ontology. The promise of an effectively naturalized metaphysics is to encourage beliefs that are formed in ways that do justice to scientific theorizing, modeling, and experimentation. But even armed with such a view, there is no one, uniquely rational way to draw lines between domains of ontology that are suitable for belief, and ones in which it would be better to suspend belief instead. In crucial respects, ontology is in the eye of the beholder: it is informed by underlying commitments with implications for the limits of inquiry, which inevitably vary across rational inquirers. As result, the proper scope of ontology is subject to a striking form of voluntary choice, yielding a new and transformative conception of scientific ontology.

Idea and Ontology

Author : Marc A. Hight
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 0271047658
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Idea and Ontology by : Marc A. Hight

Download or read book Idea and Ontology written by Marc A. Hight and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A wide-ranging study of the 'way of ideas' and its metaphysics, culminating in a bold reinterpretation of Berkeley."

Ontology of Consciousness

Author : Helmut Wautischer
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262232596
Total Pages : 669 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis Ontology of Consciousness by : Helmut Wautischer

Download or read book Ontology of Consciousness written by Helmut Wautischer and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2008-04-11 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scholars from many different disciplines examine consciousness through the lens of intellectual approaches and cultures ranging from cosmology research and cell biophysics laboratories to pre-Columbian Mesoamerica and Tibetan Tantric Buddhism in a volume that extends consciousness studies beyond the limits of current neuroscience research. The "hard problem" of today's consciousness studies is subjective experience: understanding why some brain processing is accompanied by an experienced inner life. Recent scientific advances offer insights for understanding the physiological and chemical phenomenology of consciousness. But by leaving aside the internal experiential nature of consciousness in favor of mapping neural activity, such science leaves many questions unanswered. In Ontology of Consciousness, scholars from a range of disciplines—from neurophysiology to parapsychology, from mathematics to anthropology and indigenous non-Western modes of thought—go beyond these limits of current neuroscience research to explore insights offered by other intellectual approaches to consciousness. These scholars focus their attention on such philosophical approaches to consciousness as Tibetan Tantric Buddhism, North American Indian insights, pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilization, and the Byzantine Empire. Some draw on artifacts and ethnographic data to make their point. Others translate cultural concepts of consciousness into modern scientific language using models and mathematical mappings. Many consider individual experiences of sentience and existence, as seen in African communalism, Hindi psychology, Zen Buddhism, Indian vibhuti phenomena, existentialism, philosophical realism, and modern psychiatry. Some reveal current views and conundrums in neurobiology to comprehend sentient intellection. Contributors Karim Akerma, Matthijs Cornelissen, Antoine Courban, Mario Crocco, Christian de Quincey, Thomas B. Fowler, Erlendur Haraldsson, David. J. Hufford, Pavel B. Ivanov, Heinz Kimmerle, Stanley Krippner, Armand J. Labbé, James Maffie, Hubert Markl, Graham Parkes, Michael Polemis, E Richard Sorenson, Mircea Steriade, Thomas Szasz, Mariela Szirko, Robert A.F. Thurman, Edith L.B. Turner, Julia Watkin, Helmut Wautischer

Truth and Ontology

Author : Trenton Merricks
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 0191525537
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Truth and Ontology by : Trenton Merricks

Download or read book Truth and Ontology written by Trenton Merricks and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2007-04-19 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: That there are no white ravens is true because there are no white ravens. And so there is a sense in which that truth 'depends on the world'. But this sort of dependence is trivial. After all, it does not imply that there is anything that is that truth's 'truthmaker'. Nor does it imply that something exists to which that truth corresponds. Nor does it imply that there are properties whose exemplification grounds that truth. Trenton Merricks explores whether and how truth depends substantively on the world or on things or on being. And he takes a careful look at philosophical debates concerning, among other things, modality, time, and dispositions. He looks at these debates because any account of truth's substantive dependence on being has implications for them. And these debates likewise have implications for how and whether truth depends on being. Along the way, Merricks makes a number of new points about each of these debates that are of independent interest, of interest apart from the question of truth's dependence on being. Truth and Ontology concludes that some truths do not depend on being in any substantive way at all. One result of this conclusion is that it is a mistake to oppose a philosophical theory merely because it violates truth's alleged substantive dependence on being. Another result is that the correspondence theory of truth is false and, more generally, that truth itself is not a relation of any sort between truth-bearers and that which 'makes them true'.

An Introduction to Ontology Engineering

Author : C. Maria Keet
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781848902954
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to Ontology Engineering by : C. Maria Keet

Download or read book An Introduction to Ontology Engineering written by C. Maria Keet and published by . This book was released on 2018-11-07 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Introduction to Ontology Engineering introduces the student to a comprehensive overview of ontology engineering, and offers hands-on experience that illustrate the theory. The topics covered include: logic foundations for ontologies with languages and automated reasoning, developing good ontologies with methods and methodologies, the top-down approach with foundational ontologies, and the bottomup approach to extract content from legacy material, and a selection of advanced topics that includes Ontology-Based Data Access, the interaction between ontologies and natural languages, and advanced modelling with fuzzy and temporal ontologies. Each chapter contains review questions and exercises, and descriptions of two group assignments are provided as well. The textbook is aimed at advanced undergraduate/postgraduate level in computer science and could fi t a semester course in ontology engineering or a 2-week intensive course. Domain experts and philosophers may fi nd a subset of the chapters of interest, or work through the chapters in a different order. Maria Keet is an Associate Professor with the Department of Computer Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa. She received her PhD in Computer Science in 2008 at the KRDB Research Centre, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy. Her research focus is on knowledge engineering with ontologies and Ontology, and their interaction with natural language and conceptual data modelling, which has resulted in over 100 peer-reviewed publications. She has developed and taught multiple courses on ontology engineering and related courses at various universities since 2009.

Foundations of Semantic Web Technologies

Author : Pascal Hitzler
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420090518
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Foundations of Semantic Web Technologies by : Pascal Hitzler

Download or read book Foundations of Semantic Web Technologies written by Pascal Hitzler and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-08-06 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With more substantial funding from research organizations and industry, numerous large-scale applications, and recently developed technologies, the Semantic Web is quickly emerging as a well-recognized and important area of computer science. While Semantic Web technologies are still rapidly evolving, Foundations of Semantic Web Technologies focuses

Agent, Person, Subject, Self

Author : Paul Kockelman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199926980
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis Agent, Person, Subject, Self by : Paul Kockelman

Download or read book Agent, Person, Subject, Self written by Paul Kockelman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers both a naturalistic and critical theory of signs, minds, and meaning-in-the-world. It provides a reconstructive rather than deconstructive theory of the individual, one which both analytically separates and theoretically synthesizes a range of faculties that are often confused and conflated: agency (understood as a causal capacity), subjectivity (understood as a representational capacity), selfhood (understood as a reflexive capacity), and personhood (understood as a sociopolitical capacity attendant on being an agent, subject, or self). It argues that these facilities are best understood from a semiotic stance that supersedes the usual intentional stance. And, in so doing, it offers a pragmatism-grounded approach to meaning and mediation that is general enough to account for processes that are as embodied and embedded as they are articulated and enminded. In particular, while this theory is focused on human-specific modes of meaning, it also offers a general theory of meaning, such that the agents, subjects and selves in question need not always, or even usually, map onto persons. And while this theory foregrounds agents, persons, subjects and selves, it does this by theorizing processes that often remain in the background of such (often erroneously) individuated figures: ontologies (akin to culture, but generalized across agentive collectivities), interaction (not only between people, but also between people and things, and anything outside or in-between), and infrastructure (akin to context, but generalized to include mediation at any degree of remove).

On Determining What There is

Author : Paul Symington
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 311032248X
Total Pages : 183 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis On Determining What There is by : Paul Symington

Download or read book On Determining What There is written by Paul Symington and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Generally, categories are understood to express the most general features of reality. Yet, since categories have this special status, obtaining a correct list of them is difficult. This question is addressed by examining how Thomas Aquinas establishes the list of categories through a technique of identifying diversity in how predicates are per se related to their subjects. A sophisticated critique by Duns Scotus of this position is also examined, a rejection which is fundamentally grounded in the idea that no real distinction can be made from a logical one. It is argued Aquinas's approach can be rehabilitated in that real distinctions are possible when specifically considering per se modes of predication. This discussion between Aquinas and Scotus bears fruit in a contemporary context insofar as it bears upon, strengthens, and seeks to correct E. J. Lowe's four-category ontology view regarding the identity and relation of the categories.