Neuronal Mechanics And Transport

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Neuronal Mechanics and Transport

Author : Daniel M. Suter
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889198235
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuronal Mechanics and Transport by : Daniel M. Suter

Download or read book Neuronal Mechanics and Transport written by Daniel M. Suter and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-05-26 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the underlying mechanisms of how axons and dendrites develop is a fundamental problem in neuroscience and a main goal of research on nervous system development and regeneration. Previous studies have provided a tremendous amount of information on signaling and cytoskeletal proteins regulating axonal and dendritic growth and guidance. However, relatively little is known about the relative contribution and role of cytoskeletal dynamics, transport of organelles and cytoskeletal components, and force generation to axonal elongation. Advancing the knowledge of these biomechanical processes is critical to better understand the development of the nervous system, the pathological progression of neurodegenerative diseases, acute traumatic injury, and for designing novel approaches to promote neuronal regeneration following disease, stroke, or trauma. Mechanical properties and forces shape the development of the nervous system from the cellular up to the organ level. Recent advances in quantitative live cell imaging, biophysical, and nanotechnological methods such as traction force microscopy, optical tweezers, and atomic force microscopy have enabled researchers to gain better insights into how cytoskeletal dynamics and motor-driven transport, membrane-dynamics, adhesion, and substrate rigidity influence axonal elongation. Given the complexity and mechanical nature of this problem, mathematical modeling contributes significantly to our understanding of neuronal mechanics. Nonetheless, there has been limited direct interaction and discussions between experimentalists and theoreticians in this research area. The purpose of this Frontiers Research Topic is to highlight exciting, and important work that is currently developing in the fields of neuronal cell biology, neuronal mechanics, intracellular transport, and mathematical modeling in the form of primary research articles, reviews, perspectives, and commentaries.

Neuronal Mechanics and Transport

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (136 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuronal Mechanics and Transport by :

Download or read book Neuronal Mechanics and Transport written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the underlying mechanisms of how axons and dendrites develop is a fundamental problem in neuroscience and a main goal of research on nervous system development and regeneration. Previous studies have provided a tremendous amount of information on signaling and cytoskeletal proteins regulating axonal and dendritic growth and guidance. However, relatively little is known about the relative contribution and role of cytoskeletal dynamics, transport of organelles and cytoskeletal components, and force generation to axonal elongation. Advancing the knowledge of these biomechanical processes is critical to better understand the development of the nervous system, the pathological progression of neurodegenerative diseases, acute traumatic injury, and for designing novel approaches to promote neuronal regeneration following disease, stroke, or trauma. Mechanical properties and forces shape the development of the nervous system from the cellular up to the organ level. Recent advances in quantitative live cell imaging, biophysical, and nanotechnological methods such as traction force microscopy, optical tweezers, and atomic force microscopy have enabled researchers to gain better insights into how cytoskeletal dynamics and motor-driven transport, membrane-dynamics, adhesion, and substrate rigidity influence axonal elongation. Given the complexity and mechanical nature of this problem, mathematical modeling contributes significantly to our understanding of neuronal mechanics. Nonetheless, there has been limited direct interaction and discussions between experimentalists and theoreticians in this research area. The purpose of this Frontiers Research Topic is to highlight exciting and important work that is currently developing in the fields of neuronal cell biology, neuronal mechanics, intracellular transport, and mathematical modeling in the form of primary research articles, reviews, perspectives, and commentaries.

A Quantitative Study of the Axonal Transport Mechanics in Neurons

Author : Dung Lan Che
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (919 download)

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Book Synopsis A Quantitative Study of the Axonal Transport Mechanics in Neurons by : Dung Lan Che

Download or read book A Quantitative Study of the Axonal Transport Mechanics in Neurons written by Dung Lan Che and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurons are highly polarized cells with their axon often extending over large distances away from the cell bodies (up to 1 meter in axonal length with a cell body less than 50 micrometer in diameter). Given that the majority of neuronal proteins and materials are synthesized in the cell body, such a long axon precludes effective diffusion of soma-produced proteins to their presynaptic destinations at the axonal terminals. As a result, neurons rely extensively on active axonal transport to deliver newly synthesized synaptic proteins, ion channels, lipids, and mitochondria to their axonal destinations via anterograde transport. On the other hand, retrograde axonal transport is responsible for carrying molecules and organelles destined for degradation from the axonal terminals back to the cell body. A highly efficient and tightly regulated machinery is thus required for a robust long-range transport of materials to ensure the neurons' proper growth, maintenance and survival. This thesis is a quantitative study of the underlying mechanism of axonal transport, with a specific focus on the retrograde axonal transport machinery in neurons. In our experimental setup, the axonal transport of cargos can be directly visualized in real-time using a neuronal microfluidic platform and fluorescence microscopy technique. We observe that cargos have high tendency to slow down their transport speed when crossing various obstacles along the axon such as non-moving cargos and stationary mitochondria. Single molecule study of retrograde nerve growth factor transport reveals that mechanical tug-of-war and intracellular motor regulation are complementary features of the near-unidirectional endosome directionality. Specifically, a stochastic mechanical simulation suggests that the endosomes are driven on average by 5-6 active dyneins and 1-2 down-regulated kinesins. This result is further supported by a study of the dynamics of endosomes detaching under load in axons, showcasing the cooperativity of multiple dyneins and the subdued activity of kinesins. Lastly, we present a quantitative characterization of the complex behavior of light-sensitive cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) protein under blue light. The results contribute to the understanding of the light-inducible CRY2 system and can be used as a guide to establish new optogenetic strategies to probe cellular processes in live cells.

Transport Phenomena in the Nervous System

Author : Giulio Levi
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 578 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis Transport Phenomena in the Nervous System by : Giulio Levi

Download or read book Transport Phenomena in the Nervous System written by Giulio Levi and published by Springer. This book was released on 1976-05 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is more recently becoming increasingly clear, however, that the homeostatic equilibrium, and its physiological and pathological changes, are governed by a complex set of mechanisms residing heterogeneously in a complex set of membranes. Mechanisms residing in the capillary endothelium are of importance - especially in short term penetration studies of administered substances from blood to brain; the physiological and pathological equilibria are likely to be more influenced and governed by mechanisms residing in neuronal, glial, nuclear, and lysosomal membranes, to name a few. For functional importance in turn, mechanisms residing in mitochondrial and synaptosomal membranes are of crucial importance, for transport out of the system those present in choroid plexus among others have to be studied.

Neurons Under Tension: A Study of Vesicle Dynamics

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (932 download)

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Book Synopsis Neurons Under Tension: A Study of Vesicle Dynamics by :

Download or read book Neurons Under Tension: A Study of Vesicle Dynamics written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Axonal Transport in Neuronal Growth and Regeneration

Author : John Elam
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468411977
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Axonal Transport in Neuronal Growth and Regeneration by : John Elam

Download or read book Axonal Transport in Neuronal Growth and Regeneration written by John Elam and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past several years, the pace of research on the control of axonal growth has increased at a remarkable rate, and this activity is reflected in a growing literature dealing with various aspects of axonal growth and regener ation. It appears timely to review the role played by axonal transport in the intrinsic responses of neurons in the growth and regrowth processes. Through the cooperation of the senior editors of this series, we have been given the opportunity to bring such a focus to the current volume. We wish to acknowledge that the contributing authors attended a confer ence on "The Role of Axonal Transport in Neuronal Growth and Regenera tion" held in Tallahassee, Florida in March, 1983, sponsored by the Psycho biology Research Center of the Florida State University. It is our hope that many of the perceptions and insights expressed in these chapters resulted from our interactions.

Protein Trafficking in Neurons

Author : Andrew J. Bean
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080465897
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Protein Trafficking in Neurons by : Andrew J. Bean

Download or read book Protein Trafficking in Neurons written by Andrew J. Bean and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-10-27 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The efficient delivery of cellular constituents to their proper location is of fundamental importance for all cells and is of particular interest to neuroscientists, because of the unique functions and complex architecture of neurons. Protein Trafficking in Neurons examines mechanisms of protein trafficking and the role of trafficking in neuronal functioning from development to plasticity to disease. The book is divided into seven sections that review mechanisms of protein transport, the role of protein trafficking in synapse formation, exo- and endocytosis, transport of receptors, trafficking of ion channels and transporters, comparison of trafficking mechanisms in neuronal vs. non-neuronal cell types, and the relationship between trafficking and neuronal diseases such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's and Prion Diseases. - Provides a comprehensive examination of membrane/protein movement in neuronal function - Sections on synapse development, synaptic transmission, and the role of trafficking in neurological disease - Includes a focus on Molecular Mechanisms - Illustrated with color summary pictures - The only book examining protein trafficking and its functional implications, written by leaders in the field

Axonal Transport

Author : Alessio Vagnoni
Publisher : Humana
ISBN 13 : 9781071619926
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Axonal Transport by : Alessio Vagnoni

Download or read book Axonal Transport written by Alessio Vagnoni and published by Humana. This book was released on 2023-04-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers a wide range of model systems from invertebrate to humans and in vitro and in vivo. Chapters detail methods on squid, aplysia, xenopus, mouse in vivo, ex vivo, rodent primary neurons, human-derived neurons, zebrafish, drosophila in vivo, primary neurons, c. elegans, and in vitro reconstitution assays.Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Axonal Transport: Methods and Protocols aims to further our understanding of the trafficking of cellular components in the nervous system leading to the advancement of basic knowledge that underlines the cell biology of the neuron. The chapters “ Live imaging of RNA Transport and Translation in Xenopus Retinal Axons, Retrograde Axonal Transport of Neurotrophins in Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons, Assessment of Mitochondrial Trafficking as A Surrogate of Fast Axonal Transport in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Spinal Motor Neurons, Drosophila Primary Neuronal Cultures as a Useful Cellular Model to Study and Image Axonal Transport, and In vitro Reconstitution of Kinesin-Based, Axonal mRNA Transport” are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com

Nano and Cell Mechanics

Author : Horacio D. Espinosa
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111848259X
Total Pages : 519 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (184 download)

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Book Synopsis Nano and Cell Mechanics by : Horacio D. Espinosa

Download or read book Nano and Cell Mechanics written by Horacio D. Espinosa and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-12-12 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research in nano and cell mechanics has received much attention from the scientific community as a result of society needs and government initiatives to accelerate developments in materials, manufacturing, electronics, medicine and healthcare, energy, and the environment. Engineers and scientists are currently engaging in increasingly complex scientific problems that require interdisciplinary approaches. In this regard, studies in this field draw from fundamentals in atomistic scale phenomena, biology, statistical and continuum mechanics, and multiscale modeling and experimentation. As a result, contributions in these areas are spread over a large number of specialized journals, which prompted the Editors to assemble this book. Nano and Cell Mechanics: Fundamentals and Frontiers brings together many of the new developments in the field for the first time, and covers fundamentals and frontiers in mechanics to accelerate developments in nano- and bio-technologies. Key features: • Provides an overview of recent advances in nano and cell mechanics. • Covers experimental, analytical, and computational tools used to investigate biological and nanoscale phenomena. • Covers fundamentals and frontiers in mechanics to accelerate developments in nano- and bio-technologies. • Presents multiscale-multiphysics modeling and experimentation techniques. • Examines applications in materials, manufacturing, electronics, medicine and healthcare. Nano and Cell Mechanics: Fundamentals and Frontiers is written by internationally recognized experts in theoretical and applied mechanics, applied physics, chemistry, and biology. It is an invaluable reference for graduate students of nano- and bio-technologies, researchers in academia and industry who are working in nano and cell mechanics, and practitioners who are interested in learning about the latest analysis tools. The book can also serve as a text for graduate courses in theoretical and applied mechanics, mechanical engineering, materials science, and applied physics.

The Use of Axonal Transport for Studies of Neuronal Connectivity

Author : W. Maxwell Cowan
Publisher : Elsevier Science & Technology
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Use of Axonal Transport for Studies of Neuronal Connectivity by : W. Maxwell Cowan

Download or read book The Use of Axonal Transport for Studies of Neuronal Connectivity written by W. Maxwell Cowan and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1975 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Visualization of Slow Axonal Transport in Living Neurons

Author : Subhojit Roy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (523 download)

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Book Synopsis Visualization of Slow Axonal Transport in Living Neurons by : Subhojit Roy

Download or read book Visualization of Slow Axonal Transport in Living Neurons written by Subhojit Roy and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Transport Phenomena in the Nervous System

Author : Giulio Levi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 541 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (396 download)

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Book Synopsis Transport Phenomena in the Nervous System by : Giulio Levi

Download or read book Transport Phenomena in the Nervous System written by Giulio Levi and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Transport in Biological Media

Author : Sid M. Becker
Publisher : Newnes
ISBN 13 : 0123978491
Total Pages : 575 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Transport in Biological Media by : Sid M. Becker

Download or read book Transport in Biological Media written by Sid M. Becker and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-05-21 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transport in Biological Media is a solid resource of mathematical models for researchers across a broad range of scientific and engineering problems such as the effects of drug delivery, chemotherapy, or insulin intake to interpret transport experiments in areas of cutting edge biological research. A wide range of emerging theoretical and experimental mathematical methodologies are offered by biological topic to appeal to individual researchers to assist them in solving problems in their specific area of research. Researchers in biology, biophysics, biomathematics, chemistry, engineers and clinical fields specific to transport modeling will find this resource indispensible. - Provides detailed mathematical model development to interpret experiments and provides current modeling practices - Provides a wide range of biological and clinical applications - Includes physiological descriptions of models

Molecular Biology of the Cell

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780815332183
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of the Cell by :

Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Axoplasmic Transport and Its Relation to Other Nerve Functions

Author : Sidney Ochs
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis Axoplasmic Transport and Its Relation to Other Nerve Functions by : Sidney Ochs

Download or read book Axoplasmic Transport and Its Relation to Other Nerve Functions written by Sidney Ochs and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1982 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Brain Architecture : Understanding the Basic Plan

Author : and Director NIBS Neuroscience Program University of Southern California Larry W. Swanson Milo Don and Lucille Appleman Professor of Biological Sciences
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198026463
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Brain Architecture : Understanding the Basic Plan by : and Director NIBS Neuroscience Program University of Southern California Larry W. Swanson Milo Don and Lucille Appleman Professor of Biological Sciences

Download or read book Brain Architecture : Understanding the Basic Plan written by and Director NIBS Neuroscience Program University of Southern California Larry W. Swanson Milo Don and Lucille Appleman Professor of Biological Sciences and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2002-10-23 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Depending on your point of view the brain is an organ, a machine, a biological computer, or simply the most important component of the nervous system. How does it work as a whole? What are its major parts and how are they interconnected to generate thinking, feelings, and behavior? This book surveys 2,500 years of scientific thinking about these profoundly important questions from the perspective of fundamental architectural principles, and then proposes a new model for the basic plan of neural systems organization based on an explosion of structural data emerging from the neuroanatomy revolution of the 1970's. The importance of a balance between theoretical and experimental morphology is stressed throughout the book. Great advances in understanding the brain's basic plan have come especially from two traditional lines of biological thought-- evolution and embryology, because each begins with the simple and progresses to the more complex. Understanding the organization of brain circuits, which contain thousands of links or pathways, is much more difficult. It is argued here that a four-system network model can explain the structure-function organization of the brain. Possible relationships between neural networks and gene networks revealed by the human genome project are explored in the final chapter. The book is written in clear and sparkling prose, and it is profusely illustrated. It is designed to be read by anyone with an interest in the basic organization of the brain, from neuroscience to philosophy to computer science to molecular biology. It is suitable for use in neuroscience core courses because it presents basic principles of the structure of the nervous system in a systematic way.

Neuronal Self-Defense: Compensatory Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Author : Rosanna Parlato
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 288919759X
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuronal Self-Defense: Compensatory Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Disorders by : Rosanna Parlato

Download or read book Neuronal Self-Defense: Compensatory Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Disorders written by Rosanna Parlato and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-02-26 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the progressive loss of specific populations of neurons with consequent deterioration of brain's function and dramatic impact on human behavior. At present, there are no effective cures for neurodegenerative diseases. Because unambiguous diagnosis is possible only after manifestation of symptoms, when a large proportion of neurons has been already lost, therapies are necessarily confined to alleviation of symptoms. Development of cures halting the disease course is hampered by our rudimentary understanding of the etiopathology. Most neurodegenerative disorders are sporadic and age-related and - even for those of known genetic origin - the mechanisms influencing disease onset and progression have not been fully characterized. The different diseases, however, share important similarities in the mechanisms responsible for neuronal loss, which is caused by a combination of endogenous and exogenous challenges. Trophic deprivation, oxidative stress, accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates, and bioenergetics defects have been described in most, if not all, neurodegenerative disease. To counterbalance these noxious stimuli cells deploy, at least during the initial pathogenic states, intrinsic neuroprotective responses. These are general compensatory mechanisms, common to several neurodegenerative conditions, which reprogram cellular physiology to overcome stress. Adaptation includes strategies to optimize energetic resources, for instance reduction of rRNA synthesis to repress translation, suppression of transcription, and bioenergetics and metabolic redesign. Additional mechanisms include potentiation of antioxidant capacity, induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and activation of protein quality control systems and autophagy. Ineffective execution of these compensatory strategies severely threatens cellular homeostasis and favors onset of pathology. Therefore, a better understanding of these "buffering" mechanisms and of their interconnections may help to devise more effective therapeutic tools to prolong neuronal survival and activity, independently of the original genetic mutations and stress insults. This Research Topic focuses on the initial compensatory responses protecting against failure of those mechanisms that sustain neuronal survival and activity. The collection intends to summarize the state-of-the-art in this field and to propose novel research contributes, with the ultimate goal of inspiring innovative studies aimed to contrast progression of neurodegenerative diseases.