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Neural Mechanisms Of Perceptual Categorization As Precursors To Speech Perception
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Book Synopsis Neural Mechanisms of Perceptual Categorization as Precursors to Speech Perception by : Einat Liebenthal
Download or read book Neural Mechanisms of Perceptual Categorization as Precursors to Speech Perception written by Einat Liebenthal and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-05-03 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perceptual categorization is fundamental to the brain’s remarkable ability to process large amounts of sensory information and efficiently recognize objects including speech. Perceptual categorization is the neural bridge between lower-level sensory and higher-level language processing. A long line of research on the physical properties of the speech signal as determined by the anatomy and physiology of the speech production apparatus has led to descriptions of the acoustic information that is used in speech recognition (e.g., stop consonants place and manner of articulation, voice onset time, aspiration). Recent research has also considered what visual cues are relevant to visual speech recognition (i.e., the visual counter-parts used in lipreading or audiovisual speech perception). Much of the theoretical work on speech perception was done in the twentieth century without the benefit of neuroimaging technologies and models of neural representation. Recent progress in understanding the functional organization of sensory and association cortices based on advances in neuroimaging presents the possibility of achieving a comprehensive and far reaching account of perception in the service of language. At the level of cell assemblies, research in animals and humans suggests that neurons in the temporal cortex are important for encoding biological categories. On the cellular level, different classes of neurons (interneurons and pyramidal neurons) have been suggested to play differential roles in the neural computations underlying auditory and visual categorization. The moment is ripe for a research topic focused on neural mechanisms mediating the emergence of speech representations (including auditory, visual and even somatosensory based forms). Important progress can be achieved by juxtaposing within the same research topic the knowledge that currently exists, the identified lacunae, and the theories that can support future investigations. This research topic provides a snapshot and platform for discussion of current understanding of neural mechanisms underlying the formation of perceptual categories and their relationship to language from a multidisciplinary and multisensory perspective. It includes contributions (reviews, original research, methodological developments) pertaining to the neural substrates, dynamics, and mechanisms underlying perceptual categorization and their interaction with neural processes governing speech perception.
Book Synopsis Oxford Handbook of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience by : Kathrin Cohen Kadosh
Download or read book Oxford Handbook of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience written by Kathrin Cohen Kadosh and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-06-24 with total page 1169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience brings together the leading developmental cognitive neuroscientists in the field that work on understanding human development, and the complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and brain maturational factors that shape social and cognitive functioning in development. It includes chapters on new, emerging research areas that show promise for understanding both brain and behaviour in development, such as nutrition and the microbiome gut-brain axis and sleep. Looking beyond early developmental changes, this handbook also places importance on the period of adolescence, which is an important developmental juncture. By assuming complexity from the outset, the developmental cognitive neuroscience research approach provides much needed insights into both the initial set-up of brain networks and cognitive mechanisms, and also into adaptability across the developmental trajectory. This is important not only for scientists studying typical and atypical development, but also for interventional work looking for critical or sensitive periods where interventions would be most effective. The developmental cognitive neuroscience research approach intersects nature and nurture and considers both health and disease models. It also focuses on understanding the complexity of human development, necessitating a multi-level and multi-factor research approach to grasp change and plasticity which, by definition, is multidisciplinary. The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience is a landmark volume, providing the reader with a comprehensive and state-of-the-art overview of current research in the field, whilst highlighting current gaps and directions for future research.
Book Synopsis Neural and Cognitive Mechanisms Affecting Perceptual Adaptation to Distorted Speech by : Dan Kennedy-Higgins
Download or read book Neural and Cognitive Mechanisms Affecting Perceptual Adaptation to Distorted Speech written by Dan Kennedy-Higgins and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of everyday communication occurs in the presence of distortions, such as background noise, yet the human ability to understand speech in adverse listening conditions is remarkably robust. Past research has investigated perceptual adaptation to different speech conditions, however, our knowledge of the individual differences and the associated cognitive and neural mechanisms affecting perceptual adaptation is still limited. The work described in this thesis therefore aimed to advance our understanding of this research area, with specific focus first on determining the extent to which adaptation to one distortion generalises to another, second, determining the underlying cognitive mechanisms of this adaptation process and finally determining what role, if any, the left ventral premotor cortex plays in adaptation. This thesis presents results from eight experiments, two behavioural and six using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) as the primary research tool. Results from experiments 1 and 2 (behavioural) show that measures of verbal intelligence, specifically vocabulary knowledge, working memory and general cognitive functioning underpin the perceptual learning process, providing support for statistical learning to occur and assist adaptation to distorted speech. Additionally, the results suggest participants possess a general skill that enables generalisation of learning from one adverse listening condition to another. Experiments 3 to 8 used TMS to modulate perception of speech in noise in a bilateral superior temporal region. However, no effect of using this protocol was found when applied to the left ventral premotor cortex whilst participants adapted to time-compressed speech. The results of the experiments described in this thesis are considered in the context of our current understanding of the cognitive and neural mechanisms associated with perceptual adaptation to distorted speech. It is believed that the results will contribute significantly to existing knowledge due to use of novel research methodologies e.g., use of multiple distortions, multiple speakers and TMS.
Book Synopsis Neural Timing Mechanisms and Speech Perception by : Eva Lorraine Falda
Download or read book Neural Timing Mechanisms and Speech Perception written by Eva Lorraine Falda and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Psychology, Vol. 1 by : Philip David Zelazo
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Psychology, Vol. 1 written by Philip David Zelazo and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-21 with total page 1049 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides a comprehensive survey of what is now known about psychological development, from birth to biological maturity, and it highlights how cultural, social, cognitive, neural, and molecular processes work together to yield human behavior and changes in human behavior.
Book Synopsis Tutorial Essays in Psychology by : N. S. Sutherland
Download or read book Tutorial Essays in Psychology written by N. S. Sutherland and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1977. The present series of essays, of which this is the first volume, attempts to describe what is going on in a particular speciality in such a way that it can be easily assimilated by workers in other branches of psychology. The essays do not provide comprehensive reviews of specialized topics: They are intended to convey new concepts and new approaches without covering in exhaustive detail all the relevant experimental work. They should be intelligible to any psychologist regardless of his field and also to the advanced undergraduate student.
Book Synopsis Psychophysical and Neural Mechanisms of Perceptual Learning by : Long Sha
Download or read book Psychophysical and Neural Mechanisms of Perceptual Learning written by Long Sha and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neural Mechanisms of Perceptual Learning by : Ariel Shalom Rokem
Download or read book Neural Mechanisms of Perceptual Learning written by Ariel Shalom Rokem and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perceptual learning is a pervasive and specific improvement in the performance of a perceptual task with training. This dissertation examines the role of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine(ACh) in perceptual learning in a series of behavioral and pharmacological studies in healthy human subjects. ACh plays a role in cognitive functions such as attention and in animal models it has been found to play a role in the facilitation of neural plasticity. The work described here focused on the learning of a visual motion direction discrimination task. In the first study described, I provide a theoretical framework for the study of learning of this task. This part examined the "oblique effect", an advantage in performing this task when stimuli are presented in cardinal, rather than oblique directions. I present both experimental evidence and a population coding model that indicate the oblique effect in behavior may rely on the unequal representation of oblique and cardinal directions in visual areas in cortex. The model suggests that the oblique effect relies on an interplay of this representation with the decoding of the stimulus in higher cortical regions. In the second part of this thesis, participants were administered the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil while training on the motion direction discrimination task, performed in oblique directions. As previously described, this training abolishes the behavioral oblique effect. Moreover, donepezil increased the effects of training on performance and the specificity of these effects to the oblique direction and the visual field location in which learning took place, suggesting that ACh directs learning towards cells encoding behaviorally relevant features of the stimulus. The third part presents a study investigating the role of ACh in the allocation of voluntary visual spatial attention (which can be allocated in a goal-oriented manner) and involuntary attention (which is automatically captured by salient events). We used an anti-predictive spatial cueing task to assess the effects of pharmacological enhancement of cholinergic transmission on behavioral measures of voluntary and involuntary attention. We found that cholinergic enhancement with donepezil augments the benefits of voluntary attention but does not affect involuntary attention, suggesting that they rely on different neurochemical mechanisms. Taken together, the results of the second and third parts of this thesis provide converging evidence for a potential mechanism of learning: ACh mediates the allocation of voluntary attention, which in turn provides a necessary substrate for learning to occur.
Book Synopsis The Origin of Concepts by : Susan Carey
Download or read book The Origin of Concepts written by Susan Carey and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New in paperback-- A transformative book on the way we think about the nature of concepts and the relations between language and thought.
Book Synopsis The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America by : Acoustical Society of America
Download or read book The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America written by Acoustical Society of America and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 1596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neural Mechanisms of Language Perception in Human Intracranial Neurophysiology by : Laura Kathleen Long
Download or read book Neural Mechanisms of Language Perception in Human Intracranial Neurophysiology written by Laura Kathleen Long and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Along with clustering analyses that show stimulus encoding in anatomically distributed populations, these results demonstrate that feed-forward, feed-back, and distributed processing mechanisms underlie visual word recognition. Second, I describe the development of an artificial language task designed to characterize the neural mechanisms of auditory word segmentation. The task is designed in three phases to probe how the brain tracks distributional regularity and the neural mechanisms of word segmentation with and without lexical access. Taken together, this work expands our understanding of the neural mechanisms of language processing using human intracranial neurophysiology.
Book Synopsis Inner Speech by : Peter Langland-Hassan
Download or read book Inner Speech written by Peter Langland-Hassan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inner Speech focuses on a familiar and yet mysterious element of our daily lives. In light of renewed interest in the general connections between thought, language, and consciousness, this anthology develops a number of important new theories about internal voices and raises questions about their nature and cognitive functions.
Book Synopsis Status Report on Speech Research by :
Download or read book Status Report on Speech Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neural Mechanisms Underlying Rivalry, Perceptual Filling-in and Their Interactions by : Ming Meng
Download or read book Neural Mechanisms Underlying Rivalry, Perceptual Filling-in and Their Interactions written by Ming Meng and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Child Psychology, Cognition, Perception, and Language by : William Damon
Download or read book Handbook of Child Psychology, Cognition, Perception, and Language written by William Damon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-11 with total page 1072 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of the authoritative four-volume reference that spans the entire field of child development and has set the standard against which all other scholarly references are compared. Updated and revised to reflect the new developments in the field, the Handbook of Child Psychology, Sixth Edition contains new chapters on such topics as spirituality, social understanding, and non-verbal communication. Volume 2: Cognition, Perception, and Language, edited by Deanna Kuhn, Columbia University, and Robert S. Siegler, Carnegie Mellon University, covers mechanisms of cognitive and perceptual development in language acquisition. It includes new chapters devoted to neural bases of cognition, motor development, grammar and langauge rules, information processing, and problem solving skills.
Book Synopsis Neural Mechanisms of Perceptual Selection and Grouping Investigated with Bistable Stimuli by : Natalia Zaretskaya
Download or read book Neural Mechanisms of Perceptual Selection and Grouping Investigated with Bistable Stimuli written by Natalia Zaretskaya and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
