Neural Circuits Of Innate Behaviors

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Neural Circuits of Innate Behaviors

Author : Hao Wang
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811570868
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Neural Circuits of Innate Behaviors by : Hao Wang

Download or read book Neural Circuits of Innate Behaviors written by Hao Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-27 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the latest research findings in the neurocircuitry of innate behaviors, covering major topics such as innate fear, aggression, feeding, reward, social interaction, parental care, spatial navigation, and sleep-wake regulation. For decades, humans have been fascinated by wild animals’ instincts, like the annual two-thousand-mile migration of the monarch butterfly in North American, and the “imprint” behavior of newborn birds. Since these instincts are always displayed in stereotypical patterns in most individuals of a given species, the neural circuits processing such behaviors must be genetically hard-wired in the brain. Recently, with the development of modern techniques, including optogenetics, retrograde and anterograde virus tracing, and in vivo calcium imaging, researchers have been able to determine and dissect the specific neural circuits for many innate behaviors by selectively manipulating well-defined cell types in the brain. This book discusses recent advances in the investigation of the neural-circuit mechanisms underlying innate behaviors.

Neural Mechanisms of Startle Behavior

Author : Robert C. Eaton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780306415562
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (155 download)

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Book Synopsis Neural Mechanisms of Startle Behavior by : Robert C. Eaton

Download or read book Neural Mechanisms of Startle Behavior written by Robert C. Eaton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1984-10 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past fifteen years there has been considerable interest in neural circuits that initiate behavior patterns. For many types of behaviors, this involves decision-making circuits whose primary elements are neither purely sensory nor motor, but represent a higher order of neural pro cessing. Of the large number of studies on such systems, analyses of startle circuits compose a major portion, and have been carried out on systems found throughout the animal kingdom. Startle has been an im portant model because of the reliability of the behavioral act for laboratory study and the accessibility of the underlying neural circuitry. However, probably because of the breadth of the subject, this material has never been reviewed in a comprehensive way that presents the elements com mon to startle circuits in the different animal systems in which they occur. This book presents a diversity of approaches based on a broad back ground of animal groups ranging from the earliest nervous systems in cnidarians to the most recently evolved and advanced in mammals. The behaviors themselves are all short latency, fast motor acts, when consid ered on the time scale of the organism, and involve avoidance or evasion, although in some cases we do not yet completely understand their natural role. These behaviors occur in response to stimuli that have sudden or unexpected onset.

Identification of Neural Circuits Mediating Pheromone Signaling and Innate Behaviors

Author : Hayan Yoon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (228 download)

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Book Synopsis Identification of Neural Circuits Mediating Pheromone Signaling and Innate Behaviors by : Hayan Yoon

Download or read book Identification of Neural Circuits Mediating Pheromone Signaling and Innate Behaviors written by Hayan Yoon and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Neuroethology of the Zebrafish

Author : Adam Raymond Kampff
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780549876793
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (767 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuroethology of the Zebrafish by : Adam Raymond Kampff

Download or read book Neuroethology of the Zebrafish written by Adam Raymond Kampff and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complexity of the animal brain begs for simple tools that will assist scientists attempting to unravel the beautifully entangled mess. I begin by describing an experimental strategy for indentifying the components of neural circuits that control innate behaviors. My approach emphasizes the role of behavior analysis and the insights offered by neuroethology. While describing the neuroethological strategy, I will introduce the larval zebrafish and tools that I have developed to study the neural basis of innate visual behavior. The second chapter reports an implementation of the strategy that successfully revealed components of the circuit underlying the zebrafish optomotor reflex. We discovered distinct subsets of spinal projection neurons that were responsible for directing the swims and turns that constitute an important visual response to whole-field motion. The success of this study relied on the ability to record behavior-related neural activity in a restrained zebrafish, but this was found to be difficult for other visual behaviors. The third chapter addresses this problem by describing a novel technique to monitor neural activity in an unrestrained, behaving zebrafish. Employing the bioluminescent calcium reporter, Aequorin, we were able to detect the activity of Hypocretin neurons in freely swimming zebrafish. The success of this technique will allow an extensive survey of how identified populations of neurons collectively choreograph the complex behavior patterns of a developing vertebrate.

Neural Circuits Mediating Innate and Learned Behavior

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (935 download)

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Book Synopsis Neural Circuits Mediating Innate and Learned Behavior by :

Download or read book Neural Circuits Mediating Innate and Learned Behavior written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finally, we have identified a fundamental transformation through which a disordered olfactory representation in piriform cortex acquires meaning. Strikingly this transformation appears to occur within 3 synapses of the periphery. These data, and the techniques we employ, therefore have the potential to significantly impact upon our understanding of the neural origins of motivated behavior.

Genetic Dissection of Neural Circuits and Behavior

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080951155
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetic Dissection of Neural Circuits and Behavior by :

Download or read book Genetic Dissection of Neural Circuits and Behavior written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-07-14 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genes interact with the environment, experience, and biology of the brain to shape an animal’s behavior. This latest volume in Advances in Genetics, organized according to the most widely used model organisms, describes the latest genetic discoveries in relation to neural circuit development and activity. Explores the latest topics in neural circuits and behavior research in zebrafish, drosophila, C.elegans, and mouse models Includes methods for testing with ethical, legal, and social implications Critically analyzes future prospects

Innate

Author : Kevin J. Mitchell
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691204152
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Innate by : Kevin J. Mitchell

Download or read book Innate written by Kevin J. Mitchell and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What makes you the way you are--and what makes each of us different from everyone else? In Innate, leading neuroscientist and popular science blogger Kevin Mitchell traces human diversity and individual differences to their deepest level: in the wiring of our brains. Deftly guiding us through important new research, including his own groundbreaking work, he explains how variations in the way our brains develop before birth strongly influence our psychology and behavior throughout our lives, shaping our personality, intelligence, sexuality, and even the way we perceive the world. We all share a genetic program for making a human brain, and the program for making a brain like yours is specifically encoded in your DNA. But, as Mitchell explains, the way that program plays out is affected by random processes of development that manifest uniquely in each person, even identical twins. The key insight of Innate is that the combination of these developmental and genetic variations creates innate differences in how our brains are wired--differences that impact all aspects of our psychology--and this insight promises to transform the way we see the interplay of nature and nurture. Innate also explores the genetic and neural underpinnings of disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, and epilepsy, and how our understanding of these conditions is being revolutionized. In addition, the book examines the social and ethical implications of these ideas and of new technologies that may soon offer the means to predict or manipulate human traits. Compelling and original, Innate will change the way you think about why and how we are who we are."--Provided by the publisher.

Brain-Wide Neural Dynamics Underlying Looming-Evoked Escapes and Spontaneous Exploration

Author : Timothy Dunn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (914 download)

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Book Synopsis Brain-Wide Neural Dynamics Underlying Looming-Evoked Escapes and Spontaneous Exploration by : Timothy Dunn

Download or read book Brain-Wide Neural Dynamics Underlying Looming-Evoked Escapes and Spontaneous Exploration written by Timothy Dunn and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behavior is generated via brain-wide coordination of neural circuits. But until recently, it was difficult to analyze neural dynamics at cellular resolution throughout the brain during behavior. With the genetic and optical accessibility of the larval zebrafish, however, we are now beginning to dissect neural circuits on larger scales. Here, I describe the neural origins of two prominent innate behaviors of the larval zebrafish: (1) looming-evoked escape behavior and (2) a self-generated exploratory behavior.

Neurobehavioral Genetics

Author : Byron C. Jones
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420003569
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Neurobehavioral Genetics by : Byron C. Jones

Download or read book Neurobehavioral Genetics written by Byron C. Jones and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-08-30 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete background to concepts and principles of behavioral genetics, Neurobehavioral Genetics: Methods and Applications, Second Edition features a broad spectrum of the most current techniques in neurobehavioral genetics in a single source. International researchers incorporate several new developments in the field, including: De

Neural and Behavioral Bases of Innate Behaviors

Author : Federico Claudio Claudi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Neural and Behavioral Bases of Innate Behaviors by : Federico Claudio Claudi

Download or read book Neural and Behavioral Bases of Innate Behaviors written by Federico Claudio Claudi and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Neural Control of Behavior

Author : Richard E. Whalen
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 1483265625
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis The Neural Control of Behavior by : Richard E. Whalen

Download or read book The Neural Control of Behavior written by Richard E. Whalen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Neural Control of Behavior contains some of the material presented and discussed at the first interdisciplinary conference on the neural control of behavior, held at the Department of Psychobiology of the University of California, Irvine in June 1968. The compendium presents papers prepared by scientists from a variety of disciplines, which touched upon the primary concerns of psychobiology. Main topics covered include neural mechanisms, evoked responses and network dynamics, perceptual mechanisms, and behavioral and cellular responses to novel and repeated stimuli. Hypothalamic mechanisms for motivational and species-typical behavior, learning and memory, and the behavior of hippocampal neurons during conditioning experiments are also discussed. Psychologists, neurologists, and psychobiologists will find the book very insightful.

The Social Brain

Author : Jean Decety
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262044145
Total Pages : 441 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Brain by : Jean Decety

Download or read book The Social Brain written by Jean Decety and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2020-08-18 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A range of empirical and theoretical perspectives on the relationship between biology and social cognition from infancy through childhood. Recent research on the developmental origins of the social mind supports the view that social cognition is present early in infancy and childhood in surprisingly sophisticated forms. Developmental psychologists have found ingenious ways to test the social abilities of infants and young children, and neuroscientists have begun to study the neurobiological mechanisms that implement and guide early social cognition. Their work suggests that, far from being unfinished adults, babies are exquisitely designed by evolution to capture relevant social information, learn, and explore their social environments. This volume offers a range of empirical and theoretical perspectives on the relationship between biology and social cognition from infancy through childhood. The contributors consider scientific advances in early social perception and cognition, including findings on the development of face processing and social perceptual biases; explore recent research on early infant competencies for language and theory of mind, including a developmental account of how young children become moral agents and the role of electrophysiology in identifying psychological processes that underpin social cognition; discuss the origins and development of prosocial behavior, reviewing evidence for a set of innate predispositions to be social, cooperative, and altruistic; examine how young children make social categories; and analyze atypical social cognition, including autism spectrum disorder and psychopathy. Contributors Lior Abramson, Renée Baillargeon, Pascal Belin, Frances Buttelmann, Sofia Cardenas, Michael J. Crowley, Fabrice Damon, Jean Decety, Michelle de Haan, Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz, Melody Buyukozer Dawkins, Xiao Pan Ding, Kristen A. Dunfield, Rachel D. Fine, Ana Fló, Jennifer R. Frey, Susan A. Gelman, Diane Goldenberg, Marie-Hélène Grosbras, Tobias Grossmann, Caitlin M. Hudac, Dora Kampis, Tara A. Karasewich, Ariel Knafo-Noam, Tehila Kogut, Ágnes Melinda Kovács, Valerie A. Kuhlmeier, Kang Lee, Narcis Marshall, Eamon McCrory, David Méary, Christos Panagiotopoulos, Olivier Pascalis, Markus Paulus, Kevin A. Pelphrey, Marcela Peña, Valerie F. Reyna, Marjorie Rhodes, Ruth Roberts, Hagit Sabato, Darby Saxbe, Virginia Slaughter, Jessica A. Sommerville, Maayan Stavans, Nikolaus Steinbeis, Fransisca Ting, Florina Uzefovsky, Essi Viding

Discovering the Brain

Author : National Academy of Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309045290
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Discovering the Brain by : National Academy of Sciences

Download or read book Discovering the Brain written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."

From Neurons to Neighborhoods

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309069882
Total Pages : 610 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis From Neurons to Neighborhoods by : National Research Council

Download or read book From Neurons to Neighborhoods written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-11-13 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.

Molecular Dissection of Neural Circuits Underlying Parental Behavior in Mice

Author : Zheng Wu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Dissection of Neural Circuits Underlying Parental Behavior in Mice by : Zheng Wu

Download or read book Molecular Dissection of Neural Circuits Underlying Parental Behavior in Mice written by Zheng Wu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mice display robust and stereotyped behaviors towards pups: virgin males typically attack pups, while virgin females and sexually experienced males display parental care. I show here that virgin males that are genetically impaired in vomeronasal sensing do not attack pups and are parental, suggesting a key role of the vomeronasal system in controlling male infanticide. In addition, we have identified putative vomeronasal receptors (or receptor groups) for the detection of pup odors, thus uncovering new tools for the molecular and genetic dissection of male infanticide. Further, we have uncovered galanin-expressing neurons in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) as key regulators of male and female parental behavior. Genetic ablation of MPOA galanin- neurons results in dramatic impairment of parental responses in both virgin females and sexually experienced males. In addition, optogenetic activation of these cells in virgin males suppresses infanticide and induces pup grooming. Thus, MPOA galanin-expressing neurons emerge as an essential node of regulation of innate behavior in the hypothalamus that orchestrates male and female parenting while opposing vomeronasal circuits underlying infanticide. Our results provide an entry point for the genetic and circuit-level dissection of mouse parental behavior and its modulation by social experience.

Adaptable Behavior from Anatomically Fixed Neural Circuits

Author : Konstantin Kaganovsky
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Adaptable Behavior from Anatomically Fixed Neural Circuits by : Konstantin Kaganovsky

Download or read book Adaptable Behavior from Anatomically Fixed Neural Circuits written by Konstantin Kaganovsky and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain must strike a balance between reliable information processing and adaptation to an ever-changing environment. At a gross anatomical level, the brain's wiring diagram is believed to be relatively set after development. Therefore, a fundamental question arises: how does stereotyped wiring lead to flexible dynamics, computation, and behavior? This dissertation will explore this question through the lens of 2 phenomena -- the activity dependent strengthening of neural circuits and the pharmacology of ethyl alcohol. Chapter 1- Neurons are known to modify synaptic weights based on their history of coincident activity patterns, termed Hebbian plasticity. In the first study, I tested whether Hebbian potentiation of synapses in the hippocampus or striatum play a causal role in learning. Using the most specific manipulation of synaptic potentiation that we are aware of (Stx3 cKO), I tested a battery of behaviors that are known to require either the hippocampus or striatum. Much to our surprise, Stx3 cKO did not affect most behaviors we tested. However, hippocampal potentiation was critical for novelty-driven spatial learning. Further, we found that spatial/contextual coding was intact after Stx3 cKO, explaining our demonstration of normal spatial learning, and contextual novelty coding was greatly reduced after Stx3 cKO. Lastly, there were two other deficits related to reward and novelty coding that warrant further study. Over-all, our data refine the proposed role of synaptic potentiation -- from an all-encompassing learning signal to a synaptic mechanism for salience encoding. Chapter 2 -- A fixed neural circuit can update dynamics when a psychoactive sub-stance is applied. Indeed, the study of drugs of abuse has yielded insights into the basic biology of the brain. For example, the endogenous opioid and endocannabinoid systems were discovered through investigation of the pharmacological action of opioids and cannabinoids, respectively. In the second study, I continued this rich history by investigating the pharmacology of ethyl alcohol (EtOH). I found that EtOH reduces GABA co-release from dopamine neurons, a recently discovered property of dopamine neurons that has the potential to powerfully modulate brain-wide neural activity. Digging into the mechanism revealed that EtOH was not directly affecting GABA co-release, but rather EtOH's metabolite, acetaldehyde was out-competing GABA's precursor for access to the enzyme ALDH1a1.

Mapping the Neural Basis of Motivated Behavior

Author : William Edward Allen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)

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Book Synopsis Mapping the Neural Basis of Motivated Behavior by : William Edward Allen

Download or read book Mapping the Neural Basis of Motivated Behavior written by William Edward Allen and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding what in the brain establishes specific motivational states, and how these states cause animals to pursue particular goal-directed behaviors, are central goals of behavioral neuroscience. Fully determining the mechanisms underlying these processes will require a comprehensive description of how the brain operates at different levels spanning multiple spatial and temporal scales, from the expression of individual genes within single cells to the coordinated activity of brain-wide networks of neurons. As a step towards this ultimate goal, this dissertation proposes several new approaches to map and understand the structural, functional, and molecular properties of neural circuits. These approaches are applied to study the circuits underlying motivated behavior, with an emphasis of thirst motivation. This work is divided into several parts. (1) I de-scribe the application of a method for labeling neural circuits defined by activity (TRAP) in combination with whole-brain clearing and imaging technology to map the location of neurons activated by a particular experience throughout the brain, and study their structural and molecular properties. (2) Extending the idea of brain-wide imaging to study dynamics, I introduce two new approaches to perform large-scale in vivo imaging of neural activity across the surface of the mouse brain, to study cell-type-specific cortical dynamics involved in production of a simple thirst-motivated choice behavior. (3) I dis-cuss an improved approach to TRAP, and apply this technique to measure and manipulate a crucial node in the neural circuit underlying the sensation of thirst to reveal how activity in this circuit induced by water deprivation produces an aversive drive that is diminished through water consumption. (4) I develop a new approach to spatially map the expression of up to 1,000 genes simultaneously in three dimensions within single cells in a tissue section, and show that this approach is compatible with activity measurement using activity regulated genes as a post hoc reporter of neural activity. (5) Finally, I develop an approach using large-scale electrophysiology to study spatially-localized activity dynamics from cells distributed throughout the entire mouse brain. I apply this technique to study brain-wide neural dynamics during thirst motivated choice behavior, revealing how thirst motivational state is represented throughout the brain and how this state gates the flow of information from sensory to motor regions.