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Neptunium Solubility In The Near Field Environment Of A Proposed Yucca Mountain Repository
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Book Synopsis 2-Page Summary for Neptunium Solubility in the Near-field Environment of A Proposed Yucca Mountain Repository by :
Download or read book 2-Page Summary for Neptunium Solubility in the Near-field Environment of A Proposed Yucca Mountain Repository written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The total system performance assessment (TSPA) for the proposed repository at Yucca Mountain, NV, includes a wide variety of processes to evaluate the potential release of radionuclides from the Engineered Barrier System into the unsaturated zone of the geosphere. The principal processes controlling radionuclide release and mobilization from the waste forms are captured in the model to assess the dissolved concentrations of radionuclides in the source-term. The TSPA model of the source-term incorporates the far-from-equilibrium dissolution of, for example, spent nuclear fuel (SNF) to capture bounding rates of radionuclide availability as the SNF degrades. In addition, for individual radionuclides, the source-term model evaluates solubility constraints that are more indicative of longer-term, equilibrium processes that can limit the potential mass transport from the source term in those cases. These solubility limits represent phase saturation and precipitation processes that can occur either at the waste form as it alters, or at other locations in the near-field environment (e.g., within the invert) if chemical conditions are different. Identification and selection of applicable constraints for solubility-limited radionuclide concentrations is a primary focus in formulating the source-term model for the TSPA. Neptunium is a long-lived radionuclide that becomes a larger fraction of the potential dose as radioactive decay of other radionuclides proceeds. To delineate appropriate long-term source-term controls on dissolved neptunium concentrations, a number of alternative models have been defined. The models are based on data both collected within the Yucca Mountain Project and taken from published literature, and have been evaluated against independent data sets to assess their applicability. The alternative models encompass ones based on precipitation of neptunium within its own separate oxide phases (i.e., ''pure'' Np-phases), and those where neptunium is incorporated into the secondary (tertiary, quaternary, etc.) uranyl phases forming as alteration products of SNF (secondary phases). The constraints on dissolved neptunium concentrations from ''pure'' Np-phase models provide more elevated bounds compared to the values derived from models of trace incorporation of Np into secondary uranyl phases. Such secondary phase models depend on a larger set of processes and variables compared to more idealized solubility models for Np-oxides, and therefore, secondary phase models generally will have more complex bases to define adequately the expected behavior.
Book Synopsis Neptunium Solubility in the Near-Field Environment of A Proposed Yucca Mountain Repository by : D. C. Sassani
Download or read book Neptunium Solubility in the Near-Field Environment of A Proposed Yucca Mountain Repository written by D. C. Sassani and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For representing the source-term of a proposed repository at Yucca Mountain, NV, total system performance assessment models evaluate the disequilibrium degradation of the waste forms to capture a bounding rate for radionuclide source-term availability and use solubility constraints that are more representative of longer-term, equilibrium processes to limit radionuclide mass transport from the source-term. These solubility limits capture precipitation processes occurring either as the waste forms alter, or in the near-field environment as chemical conditions evolve. A number of alternative models for solubility controls on dissolved neptunium concentrations have been evaluated. These include idealized models based on precipitation of neptunium as separate oxide minerals and more complex considerations of trace amounts of neptunium being incorporated into the secondary uranyl phases from waste form alteration. Thermodynamic models for neptunium under oxidizing conditions indicate that tetravalent neptunium (NpO{sub 2}) solids are more stable relative to pentavalent (Np{sub 2}O{sub 5}) phases, and thereby set lower dissolved concentrations of neptunyl species. Data on solids and solutions from slow flow through (dripping) tests on spent fuel grains indicate that neptunium is tetravalent in the spent fuel and that over {approx}9 years the neptunium concentrations are near to or below calculated NpO{sub 2} solubility. The possibility of kinetic rate limitations to NpO{sub 2} precipitation has led to temperature-dependent studies of NpO{sub 2} precipitation kinetics and solubility to reduce uncertainties and confirm application of the model.
Book Synopsis Measured Solubilities and Speciations of Neptunium, Plutonium, and Americium in a Typical Groundwater (J-13) from the Yucca Mountain Region, Milestone Report 3010-WBS 1.2.3.4.1.3.1 by : Heino Nitsche
Download or read book Measured Solubilities and Speciations of Neptunium, Plutonium, and Americium in a Typical Groundwater (J-13) from the Yucca Mountain Region, Milestone Report 3010-WBS 1.2.3.4.1.3.1 written by Heino Nitsche and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transport of Neptunium Through Yucca Mountain Tuffs by :
Download or read book Transport of Neptunium Through Yucca Mountain Tuffs written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neptunium has a high solubility in groundwaters from Yucca Mountain [1]. Uranium in nuclear reactors produces 237Np which has a half-life of 2.1 4 x 106 years. Consequently, the transport of 237Np through tuffs is of major importance in assessing the performance of a high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain. The objective of this work is to determine the amount of Np retardation that is provided by the minerals in Yucca Mountain tuffs as a function of groundwater chemistry.
Download or read book Treatise on Geochemistry written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-10-19 with total page 14787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensively updated new edition of the widely acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry has increased its coverage beyond the wide range of geochemical subject areas in the first edition, with five new volumes which include: the history of the atmosphere, geochemistry of mineral deposits, archaeology and anthropology, organic geochemistry and analytical geochemistry. In addition, the original Volume 1 on "Meteorites, Comets, and Planets" was expanded into two separate volumes dealing with meteorites and planets, respectively. These additions increased the number of volumes in the Treatise from 9 to 15 with the index/appendices volume remaining as the last volume (Volume 16). Each of the original volumes was scrutinized by the appropriate volume editors, with respect to necessary revisions as well as additions and deletions. As a result, 27% were republished without major changes, 66% were revised and 126 new chapters were added. In a many-faceted field such as Geochemistry, explaining and understanding how one sub-field relates to another is key. Instructors will find the complete overviews with extensive cross-referencing useful additions to their course packs and students will benefit from the contextual organization of the subject matter Six new volumes added and 66% updated from 1st edition. The Editors of this work have taken every measure to include the many suggestions received from readers and ensure comprehensiveness of coverage and added value in this 2nd edition The esteemed Board of Volume Editors and Editors-in-Chief worked cohesively to ensure a uniform and consistent approach to the content, which is an amazing accomplishment for a 15-volume work (16 volumes including index volume)!
Book Synopsis Existing Evidence for the Fate of Neptunium in the Yucca Mountain Repository by :
Download or read book Existing Evidence for the Fate of Neptunium in the Yucca Mountain Repository written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neptunium, because of its long half life, is an element of long-term interest to the Yucca Mountain repository. The fate of neptunium under repository settings is unknown. This report provides a review and new interpretation of past tests on commercial spent nuclear fuel and experimental evidence on the fate of neptunium. Tests on commercial spent nuclear fuel preformed previously at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) used a bathtub setup by immersing spent fuel in either deionized water or a groundwater typical of those at Yucca Mountain. The main goal of the tests was to determine the different concentrations of radionuclides in solution with different types of cladding defects. Neptunium was not the focus of these tests, nor were the tests designed to study neptunium. Drip tests performed at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) are unsaturated tests that drip water at different rates on spent fuel. Relatively new tests at ANL examine the corrosion of Np-doped U3O8 in humid air at various temperatures. This review concludes that all tests reported here have analytical problems (i.e., relatively high detection limits for Np) and have been configured such that they limit the ability to interpret the available neptunium data. Past tests on spent nuclear fuel do not unambiguously describe neptunium chemistry as there are multiple mechanisms that may explain the observed behavior in each test. One apparently major shortcoming of most tests is that the extent of fuel reaction was limited by the amount of oxygen present in the system. Further detailed studies under repository-relevant conditions, which include the assumption of a constant 20 percent oxygen atmosphere, are needed to provide the data necessary for the development and validation of models used to predict the long-term fate of neptunium and other radionuclides at Yucca Mountain.
Book Synopsis Measured Solubilities and Speciations of Neptunium, Plutonium, and Americium in a Typical Groundwater (J-13) from the Yucca Mountain Region ; Milestone Report 3010-WBS 1.2.3.4.1.3.1 by :
Download or read book Measured Solubilities and Speciations of Neptunium, Plutonium, and Americium in a Typical Groundwater (J-13) from the Yucca Mountain Region ; Milestone Report 3010-WBS 1.2.3.4.1.3.1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solubility and speciation data are important in understanding aqueous radionuclide transport through the geosphere. They define the source term for transport retardation processes such as sorption and colloid formation. Solubility and speciation data are useful in verifying the validity of geochemical codes that are part of predictive transport models. Results are presented from solubility and speciation experiments of 237NpO2, 239Pu{sup 4+}, 241Am{sup 3+}/Nd{sup 3+}, and 243Am{sup 3+} in J-13 groundwater (from the Yucca Mountain region, Nevada, which is being investigated as a potential high-level nuclear waste disposal site) at three different temperatures (25°, 60°, and 90°C) and pH values (5.9, 7.0, and 8.5). The solubility-controlling steady-state solids were identified and the speciation and/or oxidation states present in the supernatant solutions were determined. The neptunium solubility decreased with increasing temperature and pH. Plutonium concentrations decreased with increasing temperature and showed no trend with pH. The americium solutions showed no clear solubility trend with increasing temperature and increasing pH.
Book Synopsis Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project Bibliography, 1992-1993 by :
Download or read book Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project Bibliography, 1992-1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Viability Assessment of a Repository at Yucca Mountain: License application plan and costs by :
Download or read book Viability Assessment of a Repository at Yucca Mountain: License application plan and costs written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Viability Assessment of a Repository at Yucca Mountain: Introduction and site characteristics by :
Download or read book Viability Assessment of a Repository at Yucca Mountain: Introduction and site characteristics written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measured Solubilities and Speciations from Oversaturation Experiments of Neptunium, Plutonium, and Americium in UE-25p No. 1 Well Water from the Yucca Mountain Region by :
Download or read book Measured Solubilities and Speciations from Oversaturation Experiments of Neptunium, Plutonium, and Americium in UE-25p No. 1 Well Water from the Yucca Mountain Region written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solubility and speciation are important in understanding aqueous radionuclide transport through the geosphere. They define the source term for transport retardation processes such as sorption and colloid formation. Solubility and speciation data are useful in verifying the validity of geochemical codes that are a part of predictive transport models. Results are presented from solubility and speciation experiments of 237NpO2, 239Pu{sup 4+}, and 241Am{sup 3+}/Nd{sup 3+} in a modified UE-25p No. 1 groundwater (from the Yucca Mountain region, Nevada, which is being investigated as a potential high-level nuclear waste disposal site) at two different temperatures (25° and 60°C) and three pH values (6.0, 7.0, 8.5). The solubility-controlling steady-state solids were identified and the speciation and/or oxidation states present in the supernatant solutions were determined. The neptunium solubility decreased with increasing temperature and pH. Plutonium concentrations significantly decreased with increasing temperature at pH 6 and 7. The concentration at pH 8.5 hardly decreased at all with increasing temperature. At both temperatures the concentrations were highest at pH 8.5, lowest at pH 7, and in between at pH 6. For the americium/neodymium solutions, the solubility decreased significantly with increasing temperature and increased somewhat with increasing pH.
Book Synopsis Batch Sorption Results for Neptunium Transport Through Yucca Mountain Tuffs by : Ines R. Triay
Download or read book Batch Sorption Results for Neptunium Transport Through Yucca Mountain Tuffs written by Ines R. Triay and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We studied the sorption of neptunium onto tuffs characteristic of the proposed nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The neptunium was in the Np(V) oxidation state under oxidizing conditions in groundwaters from two wells located close to the repository site (J-13 and UE-25 p No. 1). We used devitrified, vitric, zeolitic (with emphasis on clinoptilolite-rich samples), and calcite-rich tuffs characteristic of the geology of the site. Neptunium sorbed well onto calcite and calcite-rich tuffs, indicating that a significant amount of neptunium retardation can be expected under fractured-flow scenarios because of calcite coating of the fractures. Neptunium sorption onto clinoptilolite-rich zeolitic tuffs in J-13 well water (pH from 7 to 8.5) was moderate, increased with decreasing pH, and correlated to surface area and amount of clinoptilolite. Neptunium sorbed poorly onto zeolitic tuffs from UE-25 p No. 1 groundwater (pH from 7 to 9) and onto devitrified and vitric tuffs from J-13 and UE-25 p No. 1 waters (pH from 7 to 9). Iron oxides appeared to be passivated in tuffs, not seeming to contribute to the observed neptunium sorption, even though neptunium sorption onto synthetic iron oxide is significant.
Book Synopsis Batch Sorption Results for Neptunium Transport Through Yucca Mountain Tuffs. Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Program Milestone 3349 by :
Download or read book Batch Sorption Results for Neptunium Transport Through Yucca Mountain Tuffs. Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Program Milestone 3349 written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We studied the sorption of neptunium onto tuffs characteristic of the proposed nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The neptunium was in the Np(V) oxidation state under oxidizing conditions in groundwaters from two wells located close to the repository site (J-13 and UE-25 p No. 1). We used devitrified, vitric, zeolitic (with emphasis on clinoptilolite-rich samples), and calcite-rich tuffs characteristic of the geology of the site. Neptunium sorbed well onto calcite and calcite-rich tuffs, indicating that a significant amount of neptunium retardation can be expected under fractured-flow scenarios because of calcite coating of the fractures. Neptunium sorption onto clinoptilolite-rich zeolitic tuffs in J-13 well water (pH from 7 to 8.5) was moderate, increased with decreasing pH, and correlated to surface area and amount of clinoptilolite. Neptunium sorbed poorly onto zeolitic tuffs from UE-25 p No. 1 groundwater (pH from 7 to 9) and onto devitrified and vitric tuffs from J-13 and UE-25 p No. 1 waters (pH from 7 to 9). Iron oxides appeared to be passivated in tuffs, not seeming to contribute to the observed neptunium sorption, even though neptunium sorption onto synthetic iron oxide is significant.
Book Synopsis Solubility and Speciation Results from Oversaturation Experiments on Neptunium, Plutonium and Americium in a Neutral Electrolyte with a Total Carbonate Similar to Water from Yucca Mountain Region Well UE-25p #1 by :
Download or read book Solubility and Speciation Results from Oversaturation Experiments on Neptunium, Plutonium and Americium in a Neutral Electrolyte with a Total Carbonate Similar to Water from Yucca Mountain Region Well UE-25p #1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Final Environmental Impact Statement for a Geologic Repository for the Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-level Radioactive Waste at Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada: pt. 1. Comment-response document, Introduction, etc by :
Download or read book Final Environmental Impact Statement for a Geologic Repository for the Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-level Radioactive Waste at Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada: pt. 1. Comment-response document, Introduction, etc written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this environmental impact statement (EIS) is to provide information on potential environmental impacts that could result from a Proposed Action to construct, operate and monitor, and eventually close a geologic repository for the disposal of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste at the Yucca Mountain site in Nye County, Nevada. The EIS also provides information on potential environmental impacts from an alternative referred to as the No-Action Alternative, under which there would be no development of a geologic repository at Yucca Mountain.
Book Synopsis Near Field Repository Behavior of Neptunium by : Marc Andre Vial
Download or read book Near Field Repository Behavior of Neptunium written by Marc Andre Vial and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXX by : Darrel E. Dunn
Download or read book Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXX written by Darrel E. Dunn and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
