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Natural Law Science And The Social Construction Of Reality
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Book Synopsis Natural Law, Science, and the Social Construction of Reality by : Bernie Koenig
Download or read book Natural Law, Science, and the Social Construction of Reality written by Bernie Koenig and published by University Press of America. This book was released on 2004 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural Law, Science, and the Social Construction of Reality looks at changes in knowledge and the relationship to values from the modern era to today. Author Bernie Koenig examines Newton's influence on Locke and Kant, how Kant influenced Darwin and Freud, and the implications of their work for both anthropology and moral theory.
Book Synopsis The Social Construction of Reality by : Peter L. Berger
Download or read book The Social Construction of Reality written by Peter L. Berger and published by Open Road Media. This book was released on 2011-04-26 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A watershed event in the field of sociology, this text introduced “a major breakthrough in the sociology of knowledge and sociological theory generally” (George Simpson, American Sociological Review). In this seminal book, Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann examine how knowledge forms and how it is preserved and altered within a society. Unlike earlier theorists and philosophers, Berger and Luckmann go beyond intellectual history and focus on commonsense, everyday knowledge—the proverbs, morals, values, and beliefs shared among ordinary people. When first published in 1966, this systematic, theoretical treatise introduced the term social construction,effectively creating a new thought and transforming Western philosophy.
Book Synopsis Thinking About Morality by : Bernie Koenig
Download or read book Thinking About Morality written by Bernie Koenig and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2021-02-23 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thinking about Morality addresses the processes behind how we resolve moral issues and the factors that can impact that such as differing values and cultures. Moral disagreements are primarily due to differing values or the clash of new knowledge with old values. When trying to resolve a moral dispute we must carefully define the issue. We must bring to bear relevant knowledge which can be used to resolve the issue, but sometimes the value structures are so different that an issue cannot be resolved. This book provides an examination of how values operate and how one’s obligations will differ in different cultures. This book addresses topics such as multiculturism, along with immigration and migration, sex and gender, abortion and euthanasia, environmental issues, guns, and drugs.
Book Synopsis On Crimes and Punishments by : Georg Koopmann
Download or read book On Crimes and Punishments written by Georg Koopmann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beccarria's influential Treatise On Crimes and Punishments is considered a foundation work in the modern field of criminology. As Newman and Marongiu note in their introduction to the work, three master themes of the Enlightenment run through the Treatise: the idea of the social contract, the idea of science, and the belief in progress. The idea of the social contact forms the moral and political basis of the work's reformist zeal. Th e idea of science supports a dispassionate and reasoned appeal for reforms. The belief in progress is inextricably bound to the idea of science. All three provide the necessary foundation for accepting Beccaria's proposals. It is virtually impossible to ascertain which of several versions of the Treatise that appeared during his lifetime best reflected Becccaria's own thought. His use of many ideas of Enlightenment thinkers also makes it diffi cult to interpret what he has written. While Enlightenment thinkers wanted to break the chains of religion and advocated free men and free minds, there was considerable disagreement as to how this might be achieved, except in the most general terms. The editors have based this translation on the Francioni (1984) text, by far the most exhaustive critical Italian edition of Dei delitti e delle pene. This edition is undoubtedly the last that Beccaria personally oversaw and revised. This new translation, which includes an outstanding opening essay by the editors, is a welcome introduction to Beccaria and to the modern beginnings of criminology.
Book Synopsis Christian Fruit--Jewish Root by : John D. Garr
Download or read book Christian Fruit--Jewish Root written by John D. Garr and published by Golden Key Press. This book was released on 2015-04-13 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Christian Fruit--Jewish Root is an in-depth, scholarly examination of the Hebraic foundations of the major tenets and practices of Christianity. This volume confirms the truth that the inherent Jewishness of the Christian faith is simply an undeniable historical and theological fact. By evaluating Christian doctrine and polity through the Jewish mindset of Jesus and the apostles, this book uncovers a veritable treasure of Hebraic truth. For every authentic Christian fruit, there is a Jewish toot! This truth id demonstrated across a wide spectrum of theological truth, including: Scripture, Messiah, Salvation, Faith, Baptism, Gospel, Grace, and Descipleship. Christianity owes a profound debt of gratitude to the Jewish people and to biblical and Second Temple Judaism for the foundations of the truths and practices that it hold dear. As you read this challenging, informative, and inspirational book, you will be amazed at just how Jewish Christianity, the "other Jewish religion," actually is.
Book Synopsis The Positive Mind by : Evaldas Nekrašas
Download or read book The Positive Mind written by Evaldas Nekrašas and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2016-01-01 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a radical reappraisal of positivism as a major movement in philosophy, science and culture. In examining positivist movement and its contemporary impact, I had the following goals. First, to provide a more precise and systematic definition of the notion of positivism. Second, to describe positivism as a trend of thought concerned not only with the theory of knowledge and philosophy of science, but also with problems of ethics, social, and political philosophy, and show that its representatives usually thought that the problems of the latter cannot be solved without solving the former first. Third, to examine the development of positivism as a movement which preserves a certain tradition and hence possesses some coherence, although the forms of this movement changed in different historical circumstances: it was born in the eighteenth century during the Enlightenment, took the form of social positivism in the nineteenth century, was transformed at the turn of the twentieth century with the emergence of empirio-criticism, and became logical positivism (or logical empiricism) in the twentieth century. Fourth, to reveal the external and internal factors of this evolution. Fifth, to disclose the relation of positivism to other trends of philosophy. Sixth, to determine the influence the positive mind had not only upon philosophy, but upon other cultural phenomena, such as the natural and social sciences, law, politics, arts, religion, and everyday life.
Book Synopsis The Construction of Social Reality by : John R. Searle
Download or read book The Construction of Social Reality written by John R. Searle and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2010-05-11 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This short treatise looks at how we construct a social reality from our sense impressions; at how, for example, we construct a ‘five-pound note’ with all that implies in terms of value and social meaning, from the printed piece of paper we see and touch. In The Construction of Social Reality, eminent philosopher John Searle examines the structure of social reality (or those portions of the world that are facts only by human agreement, such as money, marriage, property, and government), and contrasts it to a brute reality that is independent of human agreement. Searle shows that brute reality provides the indisputable foundation for all social reality, and that social reality, while very real, is maintained by nothing more than custom and habit.
Book Synopsis The Senses in Self, Society, and Culture by : Phillip Vannini
Download or read book The Senses in Self, Society, and Culture written by Phillip Vannini and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-18 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Senses in Self, Society, and Culture is the definitive guide to the sociological and anthropological study of the senses. Vannini, Waskul, and Gottschalk provide a comprehensive map of the social and cultural significance of the senses that is woven in a thorough analytical review of classical, recent, and emerging scholarship and grounded in original empirical data that deepens the review and analysis. By bridging cultural/qualitative sociology and cultural/humanistic anthropology, The Senses in Self, Society, and Culture explicitly blurs boundaries that are particularly weak in this field due to the ethnographic scope of much research. Serving both the sociological and anthropological constituencies at once means bridging ethnographic traditions, cultural foci, and socioecological approaches to embodiment and sensuousness. The Senses in Self,Society, and Culture is intended to be a milestone in the social sciences’ somatic turn.
Book Synopsis The Construction of Reality by : Michael A. Arbib
Download or read book The Construction of Reality written by Michael A. Arbib and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1986-11-28 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an integrated account of how humans 'construct' reality through interaction with the social and physical world around them.
Book Synopsis The Social Construction of What? by : Ian Hacking
Download or read book The Social Construction of What? written by Ian Hacking and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2000-11-15 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lost in the raging debate over the validity of social construction is the question of what, precisely, is being constructed. Facts, gender, quarks, reality? Is it a person? An object? An idea? A theory? Each entails a different notion of social construction, Ian Hacking reminds us. His book explores an array of examples to reveal the deep issues underlying contentious accounts of reality. Especially troublesome in this dispute is the status of the natural sciences, and this is where Hacking finds some of his most telling cases, from the conflict between biological and social approaches to mental illness to vying accounts of current research in sedimentary geology. He looks at the issue of child abuse—very much a reality, though the idea of child abuse is a social product. He also cautiously examines the ways in which advanced research on new weapons influences not the content but the form of science. In conclusion, Hacking comments on the “culture wars” in anthropology, in particular a spat between leading ethnographers over Hawaii and Captain Cook. Written with generosity and gentle wit by one of our most distinguished philosophers of science, this wise book brings a much needed measure of clarity to current arguments about the nature of knowledge.
Book Synopsis Juridification in Bioethics by : Calvin Wai-Loon Ho
Download or read book Juridification in Bioethics written by Calvin Wai-Loon Ho and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-07-28 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is 'legal' about bioethics? What are the ideas and artefacts that bioethics encompasses, and how are they related to law? What is the role of law in bioethics? In this work, Calvin Ho attempts to address these questions in the context of the governance of human pluripotent stem cell research. In essence, he argues that the hybridization of law, through processes, devices and techniques of juridification, has helped to constitute bioethics as a public sphere and an emergent civic epistemology. Drawing on his multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork and on Actor-Network-Theory, Ho explains how the law has, through bioethics, contributed to the scientific and public understanding of human pluripotent stem cell research and its artefacts, particularly the embryo and human-animal combinations. Although the focus of his work is on bioethical developments in Singapore over a period of more than 15 years, parallel developments in key jurisdictions (especially the United States of America and the United Kingdom) and in international science policy are also evaluated. It is through appreciating how it has progressed that bioethics will be better able to engage with future challenges presented by advances in human embryo research and gene editing techniques, among others.
Book Synopsis Resisting Reality by : Sally Haslanger
Download or read book Resisting Reality written by Sally Haslanger and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-01 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary theorists use the term "social construction" with the aim of exposing how what's purportedly "natural" is often at least partly social and, more specifically, how this masking of the social is politically significant. In these previously published essays, Sally Haslanger draws on insights from feminist and critical race theory to explore and develop the idea that gender and race are positions within a structure of social relations. On this interpretation, the point of saying that gender and race are socially constructed is not to make a causal claim about the origins of our concepts of gender and race, or to take a stand in the nature/nurture debate, but to locate these categories within a realist social ontology. This is politically important, for by theorizing how gender and race fit within different structures of social relations we are better able to identify and combat forms of systematic injustice. Although the central essays of the book focus on a critical social realism about gender and race, these accounts function as case studies for a broader critical social realism. To develop this broader approach, several essays offer reworked notions of ideology, practice, and social structure, drawing on recent research in sociology and social psychology. Ideology, on the proposed view, is a relatively stable set of shared dispositions to respond to the world, often in ways that also shape the world to evoke those very dispositions. This looping of our dispositions through the material world enables the social to appear natural. Additional essays in the book situate this approach to social phenomena in relation to philosophical methodology, and to specific debates in metaphysics, epistemology, and philosophy of language. The book as a whole explores the interface between analytic philosophy and critical theory.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Catholic Social Thought, Social Science, and Social Policy by : Michael L. Coulter
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Catholic Social Thought, Social Science, and Social Policy written by Michael L. Coulter and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 2012-04-05 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two original volumes of the Encyclopedia of Catholic Social Thought, Social Science, and Social Policy were published in 2007. Those two volumes included 848 entries from nearly 300 contributors and included a wide range of entries in three general categories: entries exploring Catholic social thought at a theoretical level, entries reflecting the learning of various social science and humanistic disciplines as this learning relates to Catholic social thought, and entries examining specific social policy questions. This third, supplemental volume continues the approach of the original two. First, the volume includes entries that explore Catholic social thought at its broadest, most theoretical level; for example, an entry on Pope Benedict’s important social encyclical Caritas in Veritate. Second, the volume includes entries that discuss recent social science research that bears on issues important to Catholic social thought; for example, an entry on the social costs of pornography draws on recent research on the topic. Third, the volume includes entries discussing specific issues of social policy that have become increasingly important in recent years; for example, an entry on embryo adoption and/or rescue. This third volume contains 202 entirely new entries from over 100 contributors. The contributors include distinguished scholars such as Father Robert John Araujo, S.J. (Loyola University of Chicago), Father Kevin L. Flannery, S.J. (Gregorian University), Robert P. George (Princeton University), William E. May (John Paul Institute and the Culture of Life Foundation), D. Q. McInerny (Our Lady of Guadalupe Seminary), and Michael Novak (Ave Maria University). The work will appeal to anyone who is looking for a clear and accurate introduction to Catholic social thought.
Book Synopsis Elgar Encyclopedia of Political Sociology by : Maria Grasso
Download or read book Elgar Encyclopedia of Political Sociology written by Maria Grasso and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-12-11 with total page 723 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive and authoritative Encyclopedia, featuring entries written by academic experts in the field, explores the diverse topics within the discipline of political sociology. By looking at both macro- and micro-components, questions relating to nation-states, political institutions and their development, and the sources of social and political change such as social movements and other forms of contentious politics, are raised and critically analysed.
Book Synopsis Government Institutions: Effects, Changes and Normative Foundations by : Hendrik Wagenaar
Download or read book Government Institutions: Effects, Changes and Normative Foundations written by Hendrik Wagenaar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on government institutions is one of the most exciting intellectual areas in political science and policy studies today. Increasingly it is recognized by scholars in these fields that effective and legitimate policies depend on the design and maintenance of complex institutional arrangements. This book brings together some of the leading scholars in institutional research in The Netherlands. Their work addresses such perennially difficult questions in institutional research such as: How do we understand institutional change? How do we measure the effects of institutions on societal sectors and public policy? How do the normative foundations of government institutions influence their functioning? What are the principles of effective and legitimate institutional design? Through analysis of well-researched examples ranging from the fabled Dutch `poldermodel', through the transformation of the welfare state, through privatizations of the Dutch telecommunications industry, to the work of welfare officials, these authors demonstrate the interpenetration of normative, empirical and design issues in institutional theory. The book is intended for scholars and graduate students in political science, public policy, public administration, and law.
Book Synopsis The Radical Philosophy of Rights by : Costas Douzinas
Download or read book The Radical Philosophy of Rights written by Costas Douzinas and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-06-10 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After 1989 human rights have expanded into a vernacular touching every aspect of social life. They are seen as the key concept in morals and politics and a main tool for forging individual and collective identities. They are the ideology after ‘the end of ideologies’ – the only values left after ‘the end of history’. The response of the left to the rights revolution has been muted and unsure. Classical Marxist critiques of (natural) rights have made the left justly suspicious, and this is still the case today. Elaborating and addressing a series of foundational paradoxes of rights, this book – the third in Costas Douzinas’s human rights trilogy, following The End of Human Rights and Human Rights and Empire – provides a long-overdue re-evaluation of the history and political uses of rights for the left. The book examines the history and philosophy of the (legal) person, the subject, the human and dignity from classical Rome to postmodern Brussels. It traces the gradual abandonment of right, virtue and the common good for individual rights and self-interest. The limited and distorted conception of rights of liberal jurisprudence is contrasted with an alternative that sees rights as a relation involved in the struggle for recognition and an everyday utopia. The right to resistance and revolution, prohibited but regularly returning like the repressed, rescues law from sclerosis and presents a case study of the paradoxical nature of rights. Finally, the book offers a brief examination of law’s encounter with radical politics informed by the author’s strange experience as an ‘accidental’ politician in the first radical left government in Europe. The book’s radical concept of legal philosophy and public law will be of considerable value to legal theorists, political philosophers and anyone with an interest in thinking and acting in ways that go beyond the limits of liberal, and neoliberal, ideology.
Book Synopsis Broken and Whole by : Maureen A. Tilley
Download or read book Broken and Whole written by Maureen A. Tilley and published by University Press of America. This book was released on 1995 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Part I: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON RELIGION AND THE BODY; Desire and Delight: A New Reading of Augustine's Confessions, Margaret Miles; Incontinent Observations, Morney Joy; The Antichene Tradition Regarding the Role of the Body within the "Image of God", Frederick G. McLeod; Body as Moral Metaphor in Dante's Commedia, James Gaffney; Sex, Celibacy, and the Modern Self in Nineteenth-Century Germany, William Madges; Part II: CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES ON CHRISTIANITY AND THE BODY; Christianity, Inc., Jill Raitt; Inkblots and Authenticity, William Loewe; Em-bodied Spirit/In-spired Matter: Against ech-Gnosticism, Gary Mann; The World as God's Body: Theological Ethics and Panentheism, William C. French; A Short Consideration of Sallie McFague's The Body of God, John P. McCarthy; The Body of God: A Feminist Response, Susan A. Ross; Part III: SPIRITUALITY AND THE BODY; Chronic Pain and Creative Possibility: A Psychological Phenomenon Confronts Theologies of Suffering, Pamela A. Smith; Rosemary Haughton on Spirituality and Sexuality, Joy Milos; Spirituality as an Academic Discipline: Reflections from Experience, Sandra Schneiders. Copublished with the College Theology Society.
