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Natural Language Formalization
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Book Synopsis The Formal Complexity of Natural Language by : W.J. Savitch
Download or read book The Formal Complexity of Natural Language written by W.J. Savitch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever since Chomsky laid the framework for a mathematically formal theory of syntax, two classes of formal models have held wide appeal. The finite state model offered simplicity. At the opposite extreme numerous very powerful models, most notable transformational grammar, offered generality. As soon as this mathematical framework was laid, devastating arguments were given by Chomsky and others indicating that the finite state model was woefully inadequate for the syntax of natural language. In response, the completely general transformational grammar model was advanced as a suitable vehicle for capturing the description of natural language syntax. While transformational grammar seems likely to be adequate to the task, many researchers have advanced the argument that it is "too adequate. " A now classic result of Peters and Ritchie shows that the model of transformational grammar given in Chomsky's Aspects [IJ is powerful indeed. So powerful as to allow it to describe any recursively enumerable set. In other words it can describe the syntax of any language that is describable by any algorithmic process whatsoever. This situation led many researchers to reasses the claim that natural languages are included in the class of transformational grammar languages. The conclu sion that many reached is that the claim is void of content, since, in their view, it says little more than that natural language syntax is doable algo rithmically and, in the framework of modern linguistics, psychology or neuroscience, that is axiomatic.
Book Synopsis Formalization of Natural Languages by : P. Kümmel
Download or read book Formalization of Natural Languages written by P. Kümmel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-12 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The attempt to simulate dialogues in Natural Language by a machine requires extensive analyses of Natural Language's expression and content phenomena. Carefully deducted natural laws must be extracted. A division of all existing Natural Languages into carrier systems of a) agglutinated and b) isolated mor phological structures appears to be of principal significance. Thus morphology can be clearly separated from syntax. While morphology concerns structural phenomena, syntax refers to functional customs and rules of language expressions. Expression morphologies of usual language systems like English, French, German or, Russian exhibit tightly agglutinated characteristics. A smaller portion of Natural Language carrier systems provides morphologies of considerably less degrees of agglutination. Among them are ideographic-, pictographic-and, gesture systems as well as air-controller and children languages within a certain phase of development. Sometimes fully self-explanatory or content-related expression units within carrier systems of isolated morphologies guarantee significant insights into phenomena of Natural Language's content. Therefore evaluations on Natural Language expression structures can never be limited exclusively to auditive and phonographic morphologies. They also incorporate transport means of ideo- and pictogenetic characteristics, in order to evaluate morphology and syntax distinctively. The process of formalizing Natural Languages is highly interdisciplinary. It consists of 1) analyzing, 2) possible enumerating, 3) optimizing, and 4) synthesizing procedures. Irrelevant domains of formalization excesses are avoided by keeping strictly to definitions demarcating natural from artificial languages. Comparative evaluations of agglutinated as well as isolated morphologies are necessary.
Book Synopsis Formalizing Natural Languages by : Max Silberztein
Download or read book Formalizing Natural Languages written by Max Silberztein and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-01-11 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is at the very heart of linguistics. It provides the theoretical and methodological framework needed to create a successful linguistic project. Potential applications of descriptive linguistics include spell-checkers, intelligent search engines, information extractors and annotators, automatic summary producers, automatic translators, and more. These applications have considerable economic potential, and it is therefore important for linguists to make use of these technologies and to be able to contribute to them. The author provides linguists with tools to help them formalize natural languages and aid in the building of software able to automatically process texts written in natural language (Natural Language Processing, or NLP). Computers are a vital tool for this, as characterizing a phenomenon using mathematical rules leads to its formalization. NooJ – a linguistic development environment software developed by the author – is described and practically applied to examples of NLP.
Book Synopsis Formalizing Natural Languages: Applications to Natural Language Processing and Digital Humanities by : Mariana González
Download or read book Formalizing Natural Languages: Applications to Natural Language Processing and Digital Humanities written by Mariana González and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes selected revised papers of the 16th International Conference on Formalizing Natural Languages: Applications to Natural Language Processing and Digital Humanities, NooJ 2022, held in Rosario, Argentina, in June 2022. Due to COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held virtually. NooJ is a linguistic development environment that provides tools for linguists to construct linguistic resources that formalize a large gamut of linguistic phenomena: typography, orthography, lexicons for simple words, multiword units and discontinuous expressions, inflectional, derivational and agglutinative morphology, local, phrase-structure and dependency grammars, as well as transformational and semantic grammars. The 17 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 50 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topics: Morphological and Lexical Resources; Syntactic and Semantic Resources; Corpus Linguistics and Discourse Analysis; Natural Language Processing Applications.
Book Synopsis Formalizing Natural Languages with NooJ and Its Natural Language Processing Applications by : Samir Mbarki
Download or read book Formalizing Natural Languages with NooJ and Its Natural Language Processing Applications written by Samir Mbarki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-29 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference, NooJ 2017, held in Kenitra and Rabat, Morocco, in May 2017. The 20 revised full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 56 submissions. NooJ is a linguistic development environment that provides tools for linguists to construct linguistic resources that formalize a large gamut of linguistic phenomena: typography, orthography, lexicons for simple words, multiword units and discontinuous expressions, inflectional and derivational morphology, local, structural and transformational syntax, and semantics. The papers in this volume are organized in topical sections on vocabulary and morphology; syntactic analysis; natural language processing applications; NooJ’s future.
Book Synopsis Formalizing Natural Languages: Applications to Natural Language Processing and Digital Humanities by : Magali Bigey
Download or read book Formalizing Natural Languages: Applications to Natural Language Processing and Digital Humanities written by Magali Bigey and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-03 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes selected revised papers of the 15th International Conference, NooJ 2021, held in Besançon, France, in June 2021. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held online. NooJ is a linguistic development environment that allows linguists to formalize several levels of linguistic phenomena. NooJ provides linguists with tools to develop dictionaries, regular grammars, context-free grammars, context-sensitive grammars and unrestricted grammars as well as their graphical equivalent to formalize each linguistic phenomenon. The 20 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 62 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topics: linguistic formalization and analysis, digital humanities and teaching, natural language processing applications.
Book Synopsis Formalizing Natural Languages: Applications to Natural Language Processing and Digital Humanities by : Anita Bartulović
Download or read book Formalizing Natural Languages: Applications to Natural Language Processing and Digital Humanities written by Anita Bartulović and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Formalizing Natural Languages with NooJ 2019 and Its Natural Language Processing Applications by : Héla Fehri
Download or read book Formalizing Natural Languages with NooJ 2019 and Its Natural Language Processing Applications written by Héla Fehri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-06 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference, NooJ 2019, held in Hammamet, Tunisia, in June 2019. NooJ is a linguistic development environment that allows linguists to formalize several levels of linguistic phenomena. NooJ provides linguists with tools to develop dictionaries, regular grammars, context-free grammars, context-sensitive grammars and unrestricted grammars as well as their graphical equivalent to formalize each linguistic phenomenon. The 18 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 54 submissions. The papers are organized in the following tracks: Development of Linguistic Resources, Natural Language Processing Applications, NooJ for the Digital Humanities.
Book Synopsis A Natural Language System Based on Formal Semantics by : A. N. De Roeck
Download or read book A Natural Language System Based on Formal Semantics written by A. N. De Roeck and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Algebraic Structures in Natural Language by : Shalom Lappin
Download or read book Algebraic Structures in Natural Language written by Shalom Lappin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-12-23 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Algebraic Structures in Natural Language addresses a central problem in cognitive science concerning the learning procedures through which humans acquire and represent natural language. Until recently algebraic systems have dominated the study of natural language in formal and computational linguistics, AI, and the psychology of language, with linguistic knowledge seen as encoded in formal grammars, model theories, proof theories and other rule-driven devices. Recent work on deep learning has produced an increasingly powerful set of general learning mechanisms which do not apply rule-based algebraic models of representation. The success of deep learning in NLP has led some researchers to question the role of algebraic models in the study of human language acquisition and linguistic representation. Psychologists and cognitive scientists have also been exploring explanations of language evolution and language acquisition that rely on probabilistic methods, social interaction and information theory, rather than on formal models of grammar induction. This book addresses the learning procedures through which humans acquire natural language, and the way in which they represent its properties. It brings together leading researchers from computational linguistics, psychology, behavioral science and mathematical linguistics to consider the significance of non-algebraic methods for the study of natural language. The text represents a wide spectrum of views, from the claim that algebraic systems are largely irrelevant to the contrary position that non-algebraic learning methods are engineering devices for efficiently identifying the patterns that underlying grammars and semantic models generate for natural language input. There are interesting and important perspectives that fall at intermediate points between these opposing approaches, and they may combine elements of both. It will appeal to researchers and advanced students in each of these fields, as well as to anyone who wants to learn more about the relationship between computational models and natural language.
Book Synopsis Formal Analysis for Natural Language Processing: A Handbook by : Zhiwei Feng
Download or read book Formal Analysis for Natural Language Processing: A Handbook written by Zhiwei Feng and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-09 with total page 802 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of natural language processing (NLP) is one of the most important and useful application areas of artificial intelligence. NLP is now rapidly evolving, as new methods and toolsets converge with an ever-expanding wealth of available data. This state-of-the-art handbook addresses all aspects of formal analysis for natural language processing. Following a review of the field’s history, it systematically introduces readers to the rule-based model, statistical model, neural network model, and pre-training model in natural language processing. At a time characterized by the steady and vigorous growth of natural language processing, this handbook provides a highly accessible introduction and much-needed reference guide to both the theory and method of NLP. It can be used for individual study, as the textbook for courses on natural language processing or computational linguistics, or as a supplement to courses on artificial intelligence, and offers a valuable asset for researchers, practitioners, lecturers, graduate and undergraduate students alike.
Download or read book Logical Form written by Andrea Iacona and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-28 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Logical form has always been a prime concern for philosophers belonging to the analytic tradition. For at least one century, the study of logical form has been widely adopted as a method of investigation, relying on its capacity to reveal the structure of thoughts or the constitution of facts. This book focuses on the very idea of logical form, which is directly relevant to any principled reflection on that method. Its central thesis is that there is no such thing as a correct answer to the question of what is logical form: two significantly different notions of logical form are needed to fulfill two major theoretical roles that pertain respectively to logic and to semantics. This thesis has a negative and a positive side. The negative side is that a deeply rooted presumption about logical form turns out to be overly optimistic: there is no unique notion of logical form that can play both roles. The positive side is that the distinction between two notions of logical form, once properly spelled out, sheds light on some fundamental issues concerning the relation between logic and language.
Book Synopsis Formal Semantics and Pragmatics for Natural Languages by : Franz Guenthner
Download or read book Formal Semantics and Pragmatics for Natural Languages written by Franz Guenthner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in this collection are the outgrowth of a workshop, held in June 1976, on formal approaches to the semantics and pragmatics of natural languages. They document in an astoundingly uniform way the develop ments in the formal analysis of natural languages since the late sixties. The avowed aim of the' workshop was in fact to assess the progress made in the application of formal methods to semantics, to confront different approaches to essentially the same problems on the one hand, and, on the other, to show the way in relating semantic and pragmatic explanations of linguistic phenomena. Several of these papers can in fact be regarded as attempts to close the 'semiotic circle' by bringing together the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic properties of certain constructions in an explanatory framework thereby making it more than obvious that these three components of an integrated linguistic theory cannot be as neatly separated as one would have liked to believe. In other words, not only can we not elaborate a syntactic description of (a fragment of) a language and then proceed to the semantics (as Montague pointed out already forcefully in 1968), we cannot hope to achieve an adequate integrated syntax and semantics without paying heed to the pragmatic aspects of the constructions involved. The behavior of polarity items, 'quantifiers' like any, conditionals or even logical particles like and and or in non-indicative sentences is clear-cut evidence for the need to let each component of the grammar inform the other.
Book Synopsis Natural language formalization by : Juliette BARTHELEMY
Download or read book Natural language formalization written by Juliette BARTHELEMY and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Semantic Web. Latest Advances and New Domains by : Harald Sack
Download or read book The Semantic Web. Latest Advances and New Domains written by Harald Sack and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-22 with total page 907 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 47 revised full papers presented together with three invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 204 submissions. This program was completed by a demonstration and poster session, in which researchers had the chance to present their latest results and advances in the form of live demos. In addition, the PhD Symposium program included 10 contributions, selected out of 21 submissions. The core tracks of the research conference were complemented with new tracks focusing on linked data; machine learning; mobile web, sensors and semantic streams; natural language processing and information retrieval; reasoning; semantic data management, big data, and scalability; services, APIs, processes and cloud computing; smart cities, urban and geospatial data; trust and privacy; and vocabularies, schemas, and ontologies.
Book Synopsis Natural Language Processing in Artificial Intelligence — NLPinAI 2021 by : Roussanka Loukanova
Download or read book Natural Language Processing in Artificial Intelligence — NLPinAI 2021 written by Roussanka Loukanova and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-01 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers theoretical work, approaches, applications, and techniques for computational models of information, language, and reasoning. Computational and technological developments that incorporate natural language are proliferating. Adequate coverage of natural language processing in artificial intelligence encounters problems on developments of specialized computational approaches and algorithms. Many difficulties are due to ambiguities in natural language and dependency of interpretations on contexts and agents. Classical approaches proceed with relevant updates, and new developments emerge in theories of formal and natural languages, computational models of information and reasoning, and related computerized applications. Its focus is on computational processing of human language and relevant medium languages, which can be theoretically formal, or for programming and specification of computational systems. The goal is to promote intelligent natural language processing, along with models of computation, language, reasoning, and other cognitive processes.
Book Synopsis Controlled Natural Language by : B. Davis
Download or read book Controlled Natural Language written by B. Davis and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2018-09-12 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Controlled natural languages (CNLs) are based on natural language and apply restrictions on vocabulary, grammar, and/or semantics. They fall broadly into 3 groups. Some are designed to improve communication for non-native speakers of the respective natural language; in others, the restrictions are to facilitate the use of computers to analyze texts, for example, to improve computer-aided translation; and a third group of CNLs are designed to enable reliable automated reasoning and formal knowledge representation from seemingly natural texts. This book presents the 11 papers, selected from 14 submitted, and delivered at the sixth in the series of workshops on Controlled Natural Language, (CNL 2018), held in Maynooth, Ireland, in August 2018. The papers cover a full spectrum of controlled natural languages, ranging from human oriented to machine-processable controlled languages and from more theoretical results to interfaces, reasoning engines, and the real-life application of CNLs. The book will be of interest to all those working with controlled natural language, whatever their approach.
