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Moral And Political Cognition
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Download or read book Moral Politics written by George Lakoff and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lakoff takes a fresh look at how we think and talk about politics and shows that political and moral ideas develop in systematic ways from our models of ideal families. Arguing that conservatives have exploited the connection between morality, the famility and politics, while liberals have failed to recognize it, Lakoff expalins why the conservative moral position has not been effectively challenged.
Download or read book Moral Politics written by George Lakoff and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2016-09-05 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An updated third edition of the modern classic that applies cognitive science to the world of politics—to explain how our unconscious views shape our votes. When Moral Politics was first published, it redefined how Americans think and talk about politics through the lens of cognitive political psychology. Today, George Lakoff’s classic text has become all the more relevant, as liberals and conservatives have come to hold even more vigorously opposed views of the world, with the underlying assumptions of their respective worldviews at the level of basic morality. Even more so than when Lakoff wrote, liberals and conservatives simply have very different, deeply held beliefs about what is right and wrong. Lakoff reveals radically different but remarkably consistent conceptions of morality on both the left and right. Moral worldviews, like most deep ways of understanding the world, are unconscious—part of our hard-wired brain circuitry. When confronted with facts that don’t fit our moral worldview, our brains work automatically and unconsciously to ignore or reject these facts, and it takes extraordinary openness and awareness of this phenomenon to pay critical attention to the countless facts we’re presented with each day. For this edition, Lakoff has added a new preface and afterword, extending his observations to various ideological conflicts since the book’s original publication, from the Affordable Care Act to the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, the 2008 financial crisis, and the effects of global warming. One might have hoped such massive changes and challenges would bring people together, but the reverse has actually happened; the divide between liberals and conservatives has become stronger and more virulent. To have any hope of bringing mutual respect to the current social and political divide, we need to clearly understand the problem and make it part of our contemporary public discourse. Moral Politics offers a much-needed wake-up call to both the left and the right. “An intelligent take on the way politics is conducted in America.” —Publishers Weekly “That conservatives and liberals see the world differently comes as no news to most, but Lakoff’s look into just why that should be so makes for interesting reading.” —Kirkus Reviews
Book Synopsis Moral and Political Cognition by : David Stephen Martin Morris
Download or read book Moral and Political Cognition written by David Stephen Martin Morris and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis argues that the intergroup level remains largely unexplored within current models of moral and political cognition such as Moral Foundations Theory (MFT; Haidt and Joseph, 2004). In Study 1 (N = 153) we framed the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ) using ingroup and outgroup targets. Here, liberals and conservatives demonstrated important distinctions by group with the general pattern being liberals showing investment in Harm and Fairness foundations when framed about outgroups and conservatives showing investment in Loyalty, Authority, and Purity foundations when framed about ingroups. In two further studies, we replicated this pattern using specified ingroups and outgroups and further showed these differences mediated bias, negative bias, threat, and implicit bias (Study 2, N = 307; Study 3, N = 288). A further study demonstrated a similar pattern using standard versus outgroup moral foundations (Study 4, N = 253). The second line of research examined how moral foundations relate more generally to intergroup variables (Study 5, N = 90), strong social ideologies and negative attitudes towards immigrant groups (Study 6, N = 157). This project concludes that understanding the group level leads to new avenues for understanding moral and political cognition, reducing prejudice and enhancing social cohesion.
Book Synopsis Political Reasoning and Cognition by : Shawn Rosenberg
Download or read book Political Reasoning and Cognition written by Shawn Rosenberg and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-12 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work presents a new, alternative approach to studying the formation of political ideologies and attitudes, addressing a concern in political science that research in this area is at a crossroads. The authors provide an epistemologically grounded critique on the literature of belief systems, explaining why traditional approaches have reached the limits of usefulness. Following the lead of such continental theorists such as Jurgen Habermas and Anthony Giddens, who stress the importance of Jean Piaget to the development of a strong theoretical perspective in political psychology, the authors develop a different epistemology, theory,and research strategy based on Piaget, then apply it in two emperical studies of belief systems, and finally present a third theoretical study of political culture and political development.
Download or read book Moral Politics written by George Lakoff and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-12-15 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this classic text, the first full-scale application of cognitive science to politics, George Lakoff analyzes the unconscious and rhetorical worldviews of liberals and conservatives, discovering radically different but remarkably consistent conceptions of morality on both the left and right. For this new edition, Lakoff adds a preface and an afterword extending his observations to major ideological conflicts since the book's original publication, from the impeachment of Bill Clinton to the 2000 presidential election and its aftermath.
Book Synopsis Your Brain's Politics by : George Lakoff
Download or read book Your Brain's Politics written by George Lakoff and published by Andrews UK Limited. This book was released on 2016-11-08 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At first glance, issues like economic inequality, healthcare, climate change, and abortion seem unrelated. However, when thinking and talking about them, people reliably fall into two camps: conservative and liberal. What explains this divide? Why do conservatives and liberals hold the positions they do? And what is the conceptual nature of those who decide elections, commonly called the "political middle"? The answers are profound. They have to do with how our minds and brains work. Political attitudes are the product of what cognitive scientists call Embodied Cognition — the grounding of abstract thought in everyday world experience. Clashing beliefs about how to run nations largely arise from conflicting beliefs about family life: conservatives endorse a strict father and liberals a nurturant parent model. So-called "middle" voters are not in the middle at all. They are morally biconceptual, divided between both models, and as a result highly susceptible to moral political persuasion. In this brief introduction, Lakoff and Wehling reveal how cognitive science research has advanced our understanding of political thought and language, forcing us to revise common folk theories about the rational voter.
Book Synopsis Elements of Moral Cognition by : John Mikhail
Download or read book Elements of Moral Cognition written by John Mikhail and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-13 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Mikhail explores whether moral psychology is usefully modelled on aspects of Universal Grammar.
Book Synopsis Moral and Political Cognition by : David Morris
Download or read book Moral and Political Cognition written by David Morris and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cognitive Disability and Its Challenge to Moral Philosophy by : Eva Feder Kittay
Download or read book Cognitive Disability and Its Challenge to Moral Philosophy written by Eva Feder Kittay and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-05-18 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through a series of essays contributed by clinicians, medicalhistorians, and prominent moral philosophers, CognitiveDisability and Its Challenge to Moral Philosophy addresses theethical, bio-ethical, epistemological, historical, andmeta-philosophical questions raised by cognitive disability Features essays by a prominent clinicians and medicalhistorians of cognitive disability, and prominent contemporaryphilosophers such as Ian Hacking, Martha Nussbaum, and PeterSinger Represents the first collection that brings togetherphilosophical discussions of Alzheimer's disease,intellectual/developmental disabilities, and autism under therubric of cognitive disability Offers insights into categories like Alzheimer's, mentalretardation, and autism, as well as issues such as care,personhood, justice, agency, and responsibility
Download or read book Grandstanding written by Justin Tosi and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-05-15 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are all guilty of it. We call people terrible names in conversation or online. We vilify those with whom we disagree, and make bolder claims than we could defend. We want to be seen as taking the moral high ground not just to make a point, or move a debate forward, but to look a certain way--incensed, or compassionate, or committed to a cause. We exaggerate. In other words, we grandstand. Nowhere is this more evident than in public discourse today, and especially as it plays out across the internet. To philosophers Justin Tosi and Brandon Warmke, who have written extensively about moral grandstanding, such one-upmanship is not just annoying, but dangerous. As politics gets more and more polarized, people on both sides of the spectrum move further and further apart when they let grandstanding get in the way of engaging one another. The pollution of our most urgent conversations with self-interest damages the very causes they are meant to forward. Drawing from work in psychology, economics, and political science, and along with contemporary examples spanning the political spectrum, the authors dive deeply into why and how we grandstand. Using the analytic tools of psychology and moral philosophy, they explain what drives us to behave in this way, and what we stand to lose by taking it too far. Most importantly, they show how, by avoiding grandstanding, we can re-build a public square worth participating in.
Book Synopsis Ethics and Activism by : Michael L. Gross
Download or read book Ethics and Activism written by Michael L. Gross and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-08-28 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Responsible citizens are expected to combine ethical judgement with judiciously exercised social activism to preserve the moral foundation of democratic society and prevent political injustice. But do they? Utilizing a research model integrating insights from rational choice theory and cognitive developmental psychology this book, first published in 1997, carefully explores three exemplary cases of morally inspired activism: Jewish rescue in wartime Europe, abortion politics in the United States, and peace and settler activism in Israel. From all three analyses a single conclusion emerges: the most politically competent individuals are, most often, the least morally competent. This is the central paradox of political morality. These findings cast doubt on strong models of political morality characterized by enlightened moral reasoning and concerted political action while affirming alternative weak models that fuse activism with sectarian moral interests. They provide empirical support to further upend the liberal vision of democratic character, education, and society.
Book Synopsis Social Psychology and Politics by : Joseph P. Forgas
Download or read book Social Psychology and Politics written by Joseph P. Forgas and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2015-04-17 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social psychology and politics are intricately related, and understanding how humans manage power and govern themselves is one of the key issues in psychology. This volume surveys the latest theoretical and empirical work on the social psychology of politics, featuring cutting-edge research from a stellar group of international researchers. It is organized into four main sections that deal with political attitudes and values; political communication and perceptions; social cognitive processes in political decisions; and the politics of intergroup behavior and social identity. The contributions address such exciting questions as how do political attitudes and values develop and change? What role do emotions and moral values play in political behavior? How do political messages and the media influence political perceptions? What are the psychological requirements of effective democratic decision making, and why do democracies sometimes fail? How can intergroup harmony be developed, and what is the role of social identity in political processes? As such, this volume integrates the role of cognitive, affective, social and cultural influences on political perception and behavior, offering an overview of the psychological mechanisms underlying political processes. It provides essential reading for teachers, students, researchers and practitioners in areas related to power, social influence and political behavior.
Book Synopsis Political Psychology by : David Patrick Houghton
Download or read book Political Psychology written by David Patrick Houghton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-01-15 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What shapes political behavior more: the situations in which individuals find themselves, or the internal psychological makeup—beliefs, values, and so on—of those individuals? This is perhaps the leading division within the psychological study of politics today. This text provides a concise, readable, and conceptually-organized introduction to the topic of political psychology by examining this very question. Using this situationism-dispositionism framework—which roughly parallels the concerns of social and cognitive psychology—this book focuses on such key explanatory mechanisms as behaviorism, obedience, personality, groupthink, cognition, affect, emotion, and neuroscience to explore topics ranging from voting behavior and racism to terrorism and international relations. Houghton's clear and engaging examples directly challenge students to place themselves in both real and hypothetical situations which involve intense moral and political dilemmas. This highly readable text will provide students with the conceptual foundation they need to make sense of the rapidly changing and increasingly important field of political psychology.
Book Synopsis The Morals and Politics of Psychology by : Isaac Prilleltensky
Download or read book The Morals and Politics of Psychology written by Isaac Prilleltensky and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1994-07-28 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the moral, social, and political implications of dominant psychological theories and practices. The analysis entails the therapeutic uses of psychoanalysis, cognitive, behavioral, and humanistic psychology, as well as the practice of clinical, school, and industrial/organizational psychology. It is argued that applied psychology strengthens the societal status quo, thereby contributing to the perpetuation of social injustice. Most discussions of morality in psychology deal with the ethical repercussions of practices on individual clients. This book is unique in that it deals with the social ethics of psychology; that is, with the social morality of the discipline. It is also unique in that it offers a comprehensive critique of the most popular psychological means of solving human problems. The author does not stop at the level of critique but provides a vision for including the values of self-determination, distributive justice, collaboration, and democratic participation in psychology. He shows how some of these values have already been adopted by feminist and community psychologists. Given the prominence of psychology in contemporary society, The Morals and Politics of Psychology should be of interest to mental health professionals and their clients, as well as to people concerned with morality and social justice.
Book Synopsis The Political Mind by : George Lakoff
Download or read book The Political Mind written by George Lakoff and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2008-05-29 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A groundbreaking scientific examination of the way our brains understand politics from a New York Times bestselling author One of the world 's best-known linguists and cognitive scientists, George Lakoff has a knack for making science make sense for general readers. In his new book, Lakoff spells out what cognitive science has discovered about reason, and reveals that human reason is far more interesting than we thought it was. Reason is physical, mostly unconscious, metaphorical, emotion-laden, and tied to empathy-and there are biological explanations behind our moral and political thought processes. His call for a New Enlightenment is a bold and striking challenge to the cherished beliefs not only of philosophers, but of pundits, pollsters, and political leaders. The Political Mind is a passionate, erudite, and groundbreaking book that will appeal to anyone interested in how the mind works and how we function socially and politically.
Book Synopsis Moral Psychology by : Benjamin G. Voyer
Download or read book Moral Psychology written by Benjamin G. Voyer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-09 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fascinating and timely volume explores current thinking on vital topics in moral psychology, spanning the diverse disciplines that contribute to the field. Academics from cognitive science, evolutionary biology, anthropology, philosophy, and political science address ongoing and emerging questions aimed at understanding the thought processes and behaviors that underlie our moral codes—and our transgressions. Cross-cutting themes speak to individual, interpersonal, and collective morality in such areas as the development of ethical behavior, responses to violations of rules, moral judgments in the larger discourse, and universal versus specific norms. This wide-angle perspective also highlights the implications of moral psychology research for policy and justice, with cogent viewpoints from: · Philosophy: empiricism and normative questions, moral relativism. · Evolutionary biology: theories of how altruism and moral behavior evolved. · Anthropology: common moral values seen in ethnographies from different countries. · Cognitive and neural sciences: computational models of moral systems and decision-making. · Political science: politics, governance, and moral values in the public sphere. · Advice on moral psychology research—and thoughts about its future—from prominent scholars. With the goal of providing a truly multidisciplinary forum for moral psychology, this volume is sure to spark conversations across disciplines and advance the field as a whole. Sampling the breadth and depth of an equally expansive and transformative field, Moral Psychology: A Multidisciplinary Guide will find an engaged audience among psychologists, philosophers, evolutionary biologists, anthropologists, political scientists, neuroscientists, lawyers, and policymakers, as well as a more general audience interested in better understanding the complexity of moral psychology research.
Book Synopsis A Theory of System Justification by : John T. Jost
Download or read book A Theory of System Justification written by John T. Jost and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychologist John Jost has spent decades researching poor people who vote for policies of inequality and women who think men deserve higher salaries. He argues that the persecuted often justify and defend the very social systems that oppress them because doing so serves a fundamental need for certainty, security, and social acceptance.
