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Download or read book Mongolia, ... Article IV Consultation written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : International Monetary
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513586033
Total Pages : 83 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Singapore: 2021 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Singapore written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-07-16 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Singapore entered the COVID-19 pandemic with sizable policy space and robust economic policy frameworks, yet facing longer-term challenges. The economy has been severely impacted by the pandemic, but a bold, comprehensive, and coordinated policy package has helped cushion the economic fallout. Following a record contraction in the first half of 2020, activity has rebounded, and growth is projected to strengthen to 6 percent in 2021, underpinned by a recovery in domestic demand and a positive contribution from net exports. The uncertainty surrounding the outlook is larger than usual.
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451826923
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (518 download)
Download or read book Mongolia written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2007-01-31 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2006 Article IV Consultation highlights that Mongolia’s macroeconomic performance in 2005–06 has been robust, underpinned by a run-up on copper and gold prices, declining inflation, and budget and external current account surpluses. Real GDP growth in 2005–06 is estimated at 7 percent, in line with the average pace since 2002. The mineral sector has been a key engine of growth, supported by favorable weather conditions, and buoyant recovery in the construction and services sectors. Mongolia’s medium-term outlook for sustained growth and poverty reduction is broadly favorable, but subject to risks.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484327896
Total Pages : 75 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)
Download or read book Mongolia written by International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-03-06 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2013 Article IV Consultation highlights economic developments and policies of Mongolia between 2003 and 2013. The resulting balance-of-payments (BOP) pressures have been compounded by negative shocks to foreign direct investment (FDI) and coal exports. The IMF report analyzes that various banking sector vulnerabilities and weaknesses in the business climate need to be addressed to steady the progress of the economy. Launch of new investment law is important to be introduced by the government to improve the business climate and encourage FDI inflows.
Author : Elena Ianchovichina
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book growth diagnostics for a resource-rich transition economy: the case of mongolia written by Elena Ianchovichina and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This paper uses a growth diagnostics approach à la Hausmann, Rodrik, and Velasco (HRV) to identify the most 'binding' constraints to private sector growth in Mongolia - a small, low-income, mineral-rich, transition economy. The approach of applying the HRV methodology is useful in those cases where a lack of data prevents us from estimating shadow prices to identify the most 'binding' constraint to growth. We find that although Mongolia is not liquidity constrained and has grown rapidly in recent years, economic growth has been narrowly based. Investment has flowed mainly into a small number of firms operating in mining and construction. The low level of private investment in sectors outside mining and construction has been due to low returns - a result of costly and unreliable transportation services; lengthy and complex transit procedures, including customs and trade rules; distortionary taxes; coordination failures, at both domestic and international levels; and growing corruption. Poor financial intermediation is also a problem that has kept the cost of finance high, although lower than in previous years. Alleviating these binding constraints will ensure that Mongolia maintains the path towards sustained, broad-based growth.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1475566921
Total Pages : 93 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (755 download)
Download or read book People's Republic of China written by International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-07-17 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This staff report on People’s Republic of China 2013 Article IV Consultation highlights macroeconomic developments and outlook. China has maintained robust growth since the global crisis, but the heavy reliance on credit and investment to sustain activity is raising vulnerabilities. The consequence is a steady build-up of leverage that is eroding the strength of the financial sector, local government, and corporate balance sheets. This is most apparent in the continued rapid expansion in total social financing. The development of nontraditional finance marks a shift to more market-based intermediation, and the migration of activity to less-regulated parts of the system poses risks to financial stability.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1475549156
Total Pages : 67 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (755 download)
Download or read book Lao People's Democratic Republic written by International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-12-20 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2013 Article IV Consultation highlights that over the past year, the economy of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic has been overheating from expansionary macroeconomic policies. The fiscal deficit is estimated to have widened to 61⁄2 percent of GDP, mainly fro'm a doubling of public sector employee compensation and higher capital spending. Government liquidity is tight, and wage and other arrears of 2–3 percent of GDP have emerged. Monetary policy has been accommodative, and credit growth remains vigorous. Although medium-term growth prospects remain favorable, based on robust natural resource exports and post-WTO expansion in the nonresource sectors, heightened vulnerabilities have subjected the outlook to considerable uncertainty.
Author : International Monetary
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 161635593X
Total Pages : 115 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (163 download)
Download or read book Mongolia: 2021 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Mongolia written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-11-29 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A strong export-led recovery is underway. Despite early actions and a successful vaccination campaign, the pandemic is lingering in Mongolia as positivity rates remain high and borders largely closed. An export-led recovery which began in mid-2020, is gathering steam due to booming prices for Mongolia’s exports. Nevertheless, domestic demand, labor markets and the business sector remain weak. Policies were appropriately supportive during the pandemic. However, large, untargeted and continuing fiscal, quasi-fiscal and financial forbearance measures legislated by Parliament have heightened macrofinancial vulnerabilities: public debt has sharply increased, bank balance sheets have further weakened, and the Bank of Mongolia’s (BOM) operational independence has been compromised. On the plus side, external and fiscal buffers have been built, helped by the 2021 IMF SDR allocation of US$98.3 million (95.8 percent of quota), and the rollover of large external liabilities has increased policy space.
Author : Anthony H. Cordesman
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1442227761
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (422 download)
Download or read book Chinese Military Modernization and Force Development written by Anthony H. Cordesman and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China’s military development has become a key focus of US security policy as well as that of virtually all Asia-Pacific states. This report from the CSIS Burke Chair in Strategy examines trends in Chinese strategy, military spending, and military forces based on Chinese defense white papers and other official Chinese sources; US reporting by the Department of Defense and other defense agencies; and other government sources, including Japanese and Korean defense white papers and the International Monetary Fund. The analysis also draws on the work of experts outside of government, various research centers, and nongovernmental organizations.
Author : Troy Sternberg
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000461092
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)
Download or read book The Impact of Mining Lifecycles in Mongolia and Kyrgyzstan written by Troy Sternberg and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-26 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume investigates how mining affects societies and communities in Mongolia and Kyrgyzstan. As ex-Soviet states, Mongolia and Kyrgyzstan share history, culture and transitions to democracy. Most importantly, both are mineral-rich countries on China’s frontier and epi-centres of resource extraction. This volume examines challenges communities in these countries encounter on the long journey through resource exploration, extraction and mine closure. The book is organised into three related sections that travel from mine licensing and instigation to early anticipation of benefit through the realisation of social and environmental impacts to finite issues such as jobs, monitoring, dispute resolution and reclamation. Most originally, each chapter will include a final section entitled "Notes from the field" that presents the voice of in-country researchers and stakeholders. These sections will provide local contextual knowledge on the chapter’s theme by practitioners from Mongolia and Central Asia. The volume thereby offers a distinctively grounded perspective on the tensions and benefits of mining in this dynamic region. Using Mongolia and Kyrgyzstan as case studies, the volume reflects on the evolving challenges communities and societies encounter with resource extraction worldwide. The book will be of great interest to students and scholars of mining and natural resource extraction, corporate social responsibility and sustainable development.
Author : United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific written by United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Matthias Helble
Publisher : Asian Development Bank
ISBN 13 : 9292622498
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (926 download)
Download or read book Mongolia's Economic Prospects written by Matthias Helble and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2020-06-01 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication examines Mongolia’s recent economic development and outlines reforms that would help the country take advantage of its many opportunities. Mongolia is rich in natural resources and, although landlocked, is well-placed to boost trade with its two giant neighbors. The country needs to diversify its economy beyond mining, enhance economic stability, and increase employment. To maximize Mongolia’s potential the government can improve macroeconomic management, enhance the skill base, and provide hard and soft infrastructure to promote trade and efficient logistics. Governance and institutional reforms are also crucial. The government will need to continue to drive reforms so that they are well implemented and deliver the intended change.
Author : United Nations
Publisher : United Nations Publications
ISBN 13 : 9789211205923
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (59 download)
Download or read book Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2010 written by United Nations and published by United Nations Publications. This book was released on 2010 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2009 analyzes how three global crises of 2008 Great Recession in developed countries, food and fuel price volatility and climate change - threaten the development in the Asia-Pacific region. The publication also talks about subregional variations in performance and policy responses. It concludes with converging crises and redirecting policies to achieve inclusive and sustainable development, and summarizes the ways to move forward from crisis resilience to crisis resistance.
Author : United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
Publisher : United Nations Publications
ISBN 13 : 9789211204629
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (46 download)
Download or read book Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2006 written by United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific and published by United Nations Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition of the yearly survey examines regional economic and social developments in the Asia and the Pacific region during 2005. The growth rate slowed moderately in 2005 mainly as a result of high oil prices and softening of growth in global trade. For 2006 it is expected that growth maintains its current momentum providing that oil prices do not increase significantly and global external imbalances do not unwind suddenly. Propects for the region would also be affected if avian influenza develops into a human pandemic. Efforts are needed to ensure all benefits of high growth are passed on to the poor via good employment opportunities for all.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 109 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Mongolia written by International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-10-04 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mongolia’s economic conditions stabilized by 2023H2, helped by China’s reopening. The economy was in a challenging position in 2022 with widening external and internal imbalances due to multiple global shocks, policy excesses and governance lapses. However, greater exchange rate (ER) flexibility; the government’s strenuous efforts to facilitate exports; an influx of new private external financing, and some moderation of global shocks helped lift economic activity, moderate inflation, and stabilize the external position by end-2022. Effective public debt management by the government mitigated rollover risks. A supplementary budget for 2023 introduced large and permanent expansions in wages, benefits, and pensions.
Author : World Bank Group
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464809518
Total Pages : 605 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book World Development Report 2017 written by World Bank Group and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-01-23 with total page 605 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why are carefully designed, sensible policies too often not adopted or implemented? When they are, why do they often fail to generate development outcomes such as security, growth, and equity? And why do some bad policies endure? World Development Report 2017: Governance and the Law addresses these fundamental questions, which are at the heart of development. Policy making and policy implementation do not occur in a vacuum. Rather, they take place in complex political and social settings, in which individuals and groups with unequal power interact within changing rules as they pursue conflicting interests. The process of these interactions is what this Report calls governance, and the space in which these interactions take place, the policy arena. The capacity of actors to commit and their willingness to cooperate and coordinate to achieve socially desirable goals are what matter for effectiveness. However, who bargains, who is excluded, and what barriers block entry to the policy arena determine the selection and implementation of policies and, consequently, their impact on development outcomes. Exclusion, capture, and clientelism are manifestations of power asymmetries that lead to failures to achieve security, growth, and equity. The distribution of power in society is partly determined by history. Yet, there is room for positive change. This Report reveals that governance can mitigate, even overcome, power asymmetries to bring about more effective policy interventions that achieve sustainable improvements in security, growth, and equity. This happens by shifting the incentives of those with power, reshaping their preferences in favor of good outcomes, and taking into account the interests of previously excluded participants. These changes can come about through bargains among elites and greater citizen engagement, as well as by international actors supporting rules that strengthen coalitions for reform.
Author : Morris Rossabi
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 9780520938625
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (386 download)
Download or read book Modern Mongolia written by Morris Rossabi and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2005-04-25 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Land-locked between its giant neighbors, Russia and China, Mongolia was the first Asian country to adopt communism and the first to abandon it. When the Soviet Union collapsed in the early 1990s, Mongolia turned to international financial agencies—including the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the Asian Development Bank—for help in compensating for the economic changes caused by disruptions in the communist world. Modern Mongolia is the best-informed and most thorough account to date of the political economy of Mongolia during the past decade. In it, Morris Rossabi explores the effects of the withdrawal of Soviet assistance, the role of international financial agencies in supporting a pure market economy, and the ways that new policies have led to greater political freedom but also to unemployment, poverty, increasingly inequitable distribution of income, and deterioration in the education, health, and well-being of Mongolian society. Rossabi demonstrates that the agencies providing grants and loans insisted on Mongolia's adherence to a set of policies that did not generally take into account the country's unique heritage and society. Though the sale of state assets, minimalist government, liberalization of trade and prices, a balanced budget, and austerity were supposed to yield marked economic growth, Mongolia—the world's fifth-largest per capita recipient of foreign aid—did not recover as expected. As he details this painful transition from a collective to a capitalist economy, Rossabi also analyzes the cultural effects of the sudden opening of Mongolia to democracy. He looks at the broader implications of Mongolia's international situation and considers its future, particularly in relation to China.
