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Mommy And Me How The Relationship Between Maternal Affect And Infant Temperament Predicts Executive Function Development And Academic Achievement
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Book Synopsis Mommy and Me: How the Relationship Between Maternal Affect and Infant Temperament Predicts Executive Function Development and Academic Achievement by : Nina Andre
Download or read book Mommy and Me: How the Relationship Between Maternal Affect and Infant Temperament Predicts Executive Function Development and Academic Achievement written by Nina Andre and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infancy is a crucial period of development when children's experiences are shaped by both their internal traits and external circumstances. These influential factors shape the foundation of executive function abilities that can impact future outcomes, including academic achievement. The focus of this study was the interaction between infant temperament and maternal positive affect predicting later executive function (EF) skills and academic achievement. Data on the target variables were collected from 304 infants at 10-months, and subsequently at 48-months, and 9-years, and EF was assessed using both parent report and behavioral measures. Results indicated a significant relationship between infant negative affect and later EF, but not maternal positive affect nor an interaction between the variables. Measures of EF did not show a significant path from EF to math or reading achievement, but post-hoc analyses using separate models considering only task measures of EF did support a significant path from EF to academic achievement. Practical applications and future directions are discussed.
Book Synopsis Moving Forward in the Study of Temperament and Early Education Outcomes by : Taylor & Francis Group
Download or read book Moving Forward in the Study of Temperament and Early Education Outcomes written by Taylor & Francis Group and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-06-30 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book furthers understanding of how child temperament is linked to educational outcomes through mediating and moderating factors. As the importance of socio-emotional development for educational outcomes is increasingly recognized, understanding the influence that children's temperament--which includes their emotional reactivity and regulation of emotions, cognitions, and behaviors--can have on educational factors, such as school readiness and academic achievement, is crucial. First, the chapters in this book examine pathways connecting temperament with educational outcomes; for example, one study reports that toddler negative affect predicted executive functioning, which then predicted achievement at age six. The second way that chapters in this book examine links between temperament and education is by identifying factors that make associations between temperament and educational outcomes more salient; for example, findings from one study show that shyness and negative emotion were more strongly associated with lower academic achievement only when children received fewer than nine hours of sleep each night, highlighting the importance of sleep. By examining pathways through which temperament exerts effects on educational outcomes (i.e., mediators), or factors that modify associations between temperament and educational outcomes (i.e., moderators), the potential for interventions aimed at improving early educational outcomes can be fully realized. This book was originally published as a special issue of Early Education and Development.
Book Synopsis Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS) by : Russell A. Barkley
Download or read book Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS) written by Russell A. Barkley and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2011-02-01 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS) is an empirically based tool for evaluating dimensions of adult executive functioning in daily life. Evidence indicates that the BDEFS is far more predictive of impairments in major life activities than more time-consuming and costly traditional EF tests. The BDEFS offers an ecologically valid snapshot of the capacities involved in time management, organization and problem solving, self-restraint, self-motivation, and self-regulation of emotions. It comprises both self- and other-reports in a long form (15-20 minutes) and a short form (4-5 minutes). Special features include an adult ADHD risk index in the long form. Complete instructions for scoring and interpreting the scale are provided. See also the Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale--Children and Adolescents (BDEFS-CA) and Barkley's authoritative book on EF development and deficits, Executive Functions. Also available: Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale--IV (BAARS-IV) and Barkley Functional Impairment Scale (BFIS for Adults). Includes Permission to Photocopy Enhancing the convenience and value of the BDEFS, the limited photocopy license allows purchasers to reproduce the forms and score sheets and yields considerable cost savings over other available scales. The large format and sturdy wire binding facilitate photocopying.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309388570 Total Pages :525 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (93 download)
Book Synopsis Parenting Matters by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Parenting Matters written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-11-21 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decades of research have demonstrated that the parent-child dyad and the environment of the familyâ€"which includes all primary caregiversâ€"are at the foundation of children's well- being and healthy development. From birth, children are learning and rely on parents and the other caregivers in their lives to protect and care for them. The impact of parents may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is rapidly developing and when nearly all of her or his experiences are created and shaped by parents and the family environment. Parents help children build and refine their knowledge and skills, charting a trajectory for their health and well-being during childhood and beyond. The experience of parenting also impacts parents themselves. For instance, parenting can enrich and give focus to parents' lives; generate stress or calm; and create any number of emotions, including feelings of happiness, sadness, fulfillment, and anger. Parenting of young children today takes place in the context of significant ongoing developments. These include: a rapidly growing body of science on early childhood, increases in funding for programs and services for families, changing demographics of the U.S. population, and greater diversity of family structure. Additionally, parenting is increasingly being shaped by technology and increased access to information about parenting. Parenting Matters identifies parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with positive developmental outcomes in children ages 0-8; universal/preventive and targeted strategies used in a variety of settings that have been effective with parents of young children and that support the identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and barriers to and facilitators for parents' use of practices that lead to healthy child outcomes as well as their participation in effective programs and services. This report makes recommendations directed at an array of stakeholders, for promoting the wide-scale adoption of effective programs and services for parents and on areas that warrant further research to inform policy and practice. It is meant to serve as a roadmap for the future of parenting policy, research, and practice in the United States.
Book Synopsis Infant Temperament, Maternal Attributions, Mood and Rumination, in Predicting Maternal Problem-solving and Mother-infant Bonding in the Postnatal Period by : Caroline Gashe
Download or read book Infant Temperament, Maternal Attributions, Mood and Rumination, in Predicting Maternal Problem-solving and Mother-infant Bonding in the Postnatal Period written by Caroline Gashe and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: The present study considers some of the underlying mechanisms that may be acting in postnatal depression (PND). It has been suggested that rumination predicts problem solving ability and that child temperament and maternal attributions predict mother-infant bonding. This study aims to investigate the role that brooding and reflective rumination may play in predicting and mediating these relationships in postnatal women. Methods: Postnatal women were recruited to complete an online survey. 190 women responded and completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Maternal Attribution Scale (MAS), Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ), Parental Problem Solving Task (PPST), Rumination Response Scale (RRS), Infant Behaviour Questionnaire (IBQ) and a confidence in problem solving using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: Analyses showed that reflective rumination mediated the relationship between low infant soothability and high negative attributions, on maternal problem solving. Reflective and Brooding Rumination also predicted confidence in problem solving and mother-infant bonding. Analyses showed that infant temperament (soothability and distress) and maternal attributions (positive and negative) predicted confidence in problem solving and mother-infant bondingLimitations: This study employed a correlational design and therefore all inferences regarding possible causal pathways are tentative. Limitations include the use of self report measures to assess mother-infant bonding and infant temperament. Additionally the PPST is a new measure which needs further validation. Conclusions: Reflective rumination may act as an adaptive strategy for women in the postnatal period when faced with difficult child temperaments, and for those employing negative attributions, when faced with parent specific problem solving tasks. In addition, Brooding and Reflective Rumination may be important in predicting difficulties in mother-infant bonding. Difficult Infant temperaments and less positive or more negative maternal attributions, may affect problem solving, confidence in problem solving and mother-infant bonding in the postnatal period. Future research should look to replicate these findings and explicate possible causal relationships within a postnatal population.
Book Synopsis Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 by : National Research Council
Download or read book Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-23 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children.
Book Synopsis Developmental Trajectories of "hot" Executive Functions Across Early Childhood by : Paulo A. Graziano
Download or read book Developmental Trajectories of "hot" Executive Functions Across Early Childhood written by Paulo A. Graziano and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "It has been established that children's executive functioning (EF) skills play an important role in psychopathology (e.g., AD/HD) as well as social and academic competence. However, other than the examination of genetic factors, there remains a limited number of studies examining extrinsic (e.g., parenting) and temperamental factors that contribute to individual differences in the development of EF. The current study examined the role of maternal behavior and emotion regulation in the development of children's "hot" EF of attentional control, which consists of sustained attention and inhibitory control. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicated significant growth in both sustained attention and inhibitory control across the toddlerhood to early childhood period. Maternal overcontrol or intrusiveness at age 2 was found to negatively predict initial levels of children's sustained attention as well as children's inhibitory control at age 5. Maternal warmth/responsiveness was also a significant positive predictor of children's inhibitory control at age 5. Emotion regulation at age 2 was found to positively predict initial levels of children's sustained attention and negatively predict children's impulsivity at age 5. These findings are discussed in terms of how maternal and temperamental factors may facilitate the development of attentional control."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Book Synopsis Temperamental Differences in Infants and Young Children by : Ruth Porter
Download or read book Temperamental Differences in Infants and Young Children written by Ruth Porter and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Novartis Foundation Series is a popular collection of the proceedings from Novartis Foundation Symposia, in which groups of leading scientists from a range of topics across biology, chemistry and medicine assembled to present papers and discuss results. The Novartis Foundation, originally known as the Ciba Foundation, is well known to scientists and clinicians around the world.
Book Synopsis Maternal Responsiveness and Children's Hot and Cold Executive Functions by : Veronica Hopwood
Download or read book Maternal Responsiveness and Children's Hot and Cold Executive Functions written by Veronica Hopwood and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of mother-child interactions in free-play or teaching settings have shown that maternal responsiveness is positively associated with the development of children's executive functioning. However, because most of these studies used global ratings of maternal responsiveness, less is known about the specific aspects of responsiveness that are associated with children's executive functions during the preschool years. Given that responsiveness is not global in its efficacy, determining which aspects of responsiveness are associated with later individual differences in preschoolers' behaviors is key for moving the field forward. Due to this, the present study used molecular coding to explore the impact of maternal responsiveness during a mother-busy task on preschoolers' hot and cold executive functions at two times in development. In this study, executive functions at age six were predicted from maternal responsiveness at age four, controlling for executive functions at the first time point. One hundred and thirty eight low-income, Latina mothers of preschool children participated. When the children were 4-years-old, mothers were observed in a "mother-busy" situation where children had to wait to open a present while their mothers completed a questionnaire. All child verbal and nonverbal bids to elicit maternal attention were coded. Mother responses to child bids were coded into six categories, three that showed sufficiently high frequency for analysis: high turning toward (responses that encouraged further interaction), low turning toward (responses that acknowledged the bid, but did not encourage further interaction), and turning away (ignoring the child). After 18 months, mothers and their children returned to the laboratory to complete hot and cold executive functions measures. Multiple regressions predicting changes in hot executive functioning showed that high turning toward responses to verbal attention bids were positively associated with changes in hot executive functioning over time, whereas low turning toward responses to verbal bids and turning away responses to nonverbal bids were negatively associated with changes in executive functioning. No other relationships between parenting and children's executive functioning were significant. Implications of these findings for understanding maternal influences on the development of executive functioning in early childhood are considered.
Book Synopsis The Neural Foundations of Emotion Regulation in Infancy and the Role of Individual and Environmental Factors Over Time by : Berenice Anaya
Download or read book The Neural Foundations of Emotion Regulation in Infancy and the Role of Individual and Environmental Factors Over Time written by Berenice Anaya and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emotion regulation encompasses the ability to monitor, evaluate, and modify our emotional reactions to accomplish current and future goals, and it is critical for socioemotional competence. A large body of research has been dedicated to tracking behavioral manifestations of emotion regulation during infancy. However, we know little about how neural systems involved in emotion regulation emerge and change during this period, and how individual and environmental factors may influence these neural systems over time. Here, I wished to advance this literature by modeling infant neural function and infant temperament over time. Specifically, I modeled the development of delta-beta coupling between 8 and 24 months, a neural correlate previously associated with emotion regulation. Additionally, I modeled trajectories of infant temperamental negative affect, which capture early predispositions for emotion regulation difficulties, as a function of infants' functional network organization. Finally, I examined these relations in the context of maternal anxiety and mother-infant interactions to investigate the role of early environmental factors. In Study 1, I tested how trajectories of delta-beta coupling varied as a function of average and fluctuating levels of infant negative affect and maternal anxiety. Here, I found that extreme patterns of infant negative affect were related to delta-beta decoupling. In the context of maternal anxiety, I also found that infant delta-beta coupling increased when mothers fluctuated above usual anxiety levels, but sharply decreased with higher and stable maternal anxiety levels. In Study 2, I examined the relation between maternal anxiety levels and infant network topological metrics and tested whether infant network metrics interacted with maternal anxiety levels to predict trajectories of infant negative affect. I found that higher maternal anxiety levels at 4 months predicted lower infant network centrality and higher distance at 8 months, a pattern that may reflect a shift in infants' networks away from typical characteristics and towards a random topology. Additionally, the growth rate of infant negative affect was substantially higher than that of the prototypical infant at extremely high levels of modularity (~ 5 community clusters), and these brain-temperament associations were exacerbated in the context of higher and fluctuating levels of maternal anxiety over time. Finally, in Study 3, I modeled mother-infant behavioral and affective exchanges using dyadic analysis and tested how dyadic measures of adaptive attractor strength and variability were associated with infant network metrics concurrently, and with delta-beta coupling over time. I found that higher behavioral dyadic variability was associated with lower network centrality and shorter distance, a pattern reflecting more random-like network topology. Additionally, I found that weaker adaptive attractor strength in mother-infant affect was associated with heightened Central delta-beta coupling at 8 months, while weaker attractor strength in mother-infant behavior was associated with a sharp decrease in Parietal delta-beta coupling that reached uncoupled levels by 15 months. Together, these findings indicate that infant temperament and maternal anxiety are concurrently and longitudinally associated with systematic differences in infant brain organization and delta-beta coupling trajectories during infancy. Furthermore, this research is among the first to capture how dyadic patterns of mother-infant behavioral and affective exchanges predict infant neural function that may underlie emotion regulation development. Throughout the three studies, I discuss these findings in light of the interactive specialization model of brain development and the role that individual and environmental factors play in promoting neurodevelopment.
Book Synopsis Becoming Who We Are by : Mary K. Rothbart
Download or read book Becoming Who We Are written by Mary K. Rothbart and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2012-09-12 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This definitive work comprehensively examines the role of temperament in the development of personality and psychopathology. Preeminent researcher Mary Rothbart synthesizes current knowledge on temperament's basic dimensions; its interactions with biology, the social environment, and developmental processes; and influences on personality, behavior, and social adjustment across the lifespan. In a direct and readable style, Rothbart combines theory and research with everyday observations and clinical examples. She offers new insights on "difficult" children and reviews intervention programs that address temperamental factors in childhood problems. This book will be invaluable to developmental psychologists; personality/social psychologists; child clinical psychologists and other mental health practitioners. It will also serve as a text in graduate-level courses
Book Synopsis A Contented Baby Has a Sensitive Mother by : Marja Kivijärvi
Download or read book A Contented Baby Has a Sensitive Mother written by Marja Kivijärvi and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Social Interaction and the Development of Executive Function by : Charlie Lewis
Download or read book Social Interaction and the Development of Executive Function written by Charlie Lewis and published by Jossey-Bass. This book was released on 2009-04-20 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on the role of social interactions in the development of executive function, and offers a new and exciting alternative to many contemporary cognitive approaches. Executive function consists of higher cognitive skills involved in the control of thought, action, and emotion. Relatively little is known about the processes that promote its development. The volume is aimed at a broad range of child and adolescent developmental researchers and practitioners interested in how parental scaffolding, family background, as well as educational and cultural processes are linked to the development of children's self-control and social understanding.
Book Synopsis Maternal and Infant Temperament by : Mona Ibrahim
Download or read book Maternal and Infant Temperament written by Mona Ibrahim and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Prenatal Origins of Infant Temperament by : Nora Louise Erickson
Download or read book Prenatal Origins of Infant Temperament written by Nora Louise Erickson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous research indicates that prenatal maternal mental health can confer risk for offspring development across various domains, including the development of infant temperament. Despite prior equivocal findings related to the effects of prenatal depression and anxiety on infant temperament, the construct of pregnancy-specific anxiety has emerged as an important predictor of infant and child outcomes, and links between pregnancy-specific anxiety and infant temperament have been demonstrated among a small but well-designed subset of research. Little is known, however, about biological and psychosocial factors that may inform interrelationships between pregnancy-specific anxiety and infant temperament. The present project consisted of two studies exploring effects of prenatal anxiety, pregnancy-specific anxiety, maternal chronic cortisol levels, and maternal prenatal attachment styles on early development of infant negative emotionality. Study 1 included eligible participants ( n = 142) who completed questionnaires about their prenatal mental health and attachment to romantic partners and the fetus during the third trimester of pregnancy, as well as follow-up questions about their infant's temperament at approximately two months postpartum. Maternal attachment styles were explored independently and as moderating variables in the relationship between pregnancy-specific and infant negative emotionality. According to Study 1 results, pregnancy-specific anxiety did not predict infant negative emotionality in any of the models, nor were there any significant moderating effects. Two significant prenatal predictors (i.e., state anxiety and maternal anxious attachment) were no longer significant after controlling for postpartum state anxiety. In the final model exploring simultaneous effects of all attachment styles, the only significant prenatal predictor of infant negative emotionality was maternal attachment to the fetus. Study 2 included a small sub-set of participants (n = 25) who completed all portions of Study 1 and contributed a hair sample for chronic cortisol analyses. More specifically, chronic cortisol measured in the late-second and third trimester was explored as a biomarker of maternal prenatal distress, given indications that the HPA axis may play an important role in the programming of infant temperament. Results of study 2 did not support any hypothesized relationships between chronic cortisol concentrations and infant negative emotionality, maternal perinatal anxiety, or maternal attachment styles.
Book Synopsis A Study of the Relationship Between Maternal Characteristics and Infant Temperament by : Beth Renee Troutman
Download or read book A Study of the Relationship Between Maternal Characteristics and Infant Temperament written by Beth Renee Troutman and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Origins of the Social Mind by : Bruce J. Ellis
Download or read book Origins of the Social Mind written by Bruce J. Ellis and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applying an evolutionary framework to advance the understanding of child development, this volume brings together leading figures to contribute chapters in their areas of expertise. Researcher- and student-friendly chapters adhere to a common format.
