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Molecular Systematics Of The Subfamily Phasiinae Diptera Tachinidae
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Book Synopsis Molecular Systematics of the Subfamily Phasiinae (Diptera: Tachinidae) by : Jeremy Daniel Blaschke
Download or read book Molecular Systematics of the Subfamily Phasiinae (Diptera: Tachinidae) written by Jeremy Daniel Blaschke and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subfamily Phasiinae (Diptera: Tachinidae) is composed of obligate endoparasitoid flies that attack heteropteran insects, many of which are important agricultural pests. To lay a foundation for future studies in phasiine life history and their potential for use as biological control agents, the phylogenetic relationships within Phasiinae were explored using nucleotide sequences of two genes, CAD and LGL. A total of 63 taxa for CAD and 73 taxa for LGL were included in the analyses, representing 58 genera. Maximum likelihood inference methods were employed to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships in separate analyses of each gene and in a combined dataset. Phylogenetic reconstructions generally supported recent morphological classifications based on oviposition strategies and postabdomen characters. All tribes in Phasiinae were recovered as monophyletic or could become so with minor changes to current classification schemes. Tachinidae was recovered as a monophyletic family, and the monophyly of the subfamilies Tachininae, Exoristinae, and Phasiinae was resolved with varying levels of statistical support. Dexiinae was paraphyletic. Significant results include the following proposed taxonomic revisions: 1) Removing Litophasia from Catharosiini, 2) Transferring Euclytia, Eliozeta, Ectophasia, and Clytiomya from Phasiini to Gymnosomatini, 3) Including Strongygaster and Rondaniooestrus in Phasiinae, 4) Placing Rondaniooestrus and Opesia in Strongygastrini, 5) Creating a new tribe for Xysta: Xystiini, 6) Placing Hermya at the base of Strongygastrini in its own tribe Hermyini rather than in Cylindromyiini, and 7) Including Litophasia, Euthera, and Epigrimyia in Dexiinae.
Book Synopsis Evolution and Phylogeny of the Parasitoid Subfamily Phasiinae (Diptera: Tachinidae) by : Jeremy Daniel Blaschke
Download or read book Evolution and Phylogeny of the Parasitoid Subfamily Phasiinae (Diptera: Tachinidae) written by Jeremy Daniel Blaschke and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first molecular phylogenetic analysis of the agriculturally important parasitoid subfamily Phasiinae (Diptera: Tachinidae) is presented, estimated from 128 worldwide taxa (80 genera) and approximately 7.6 kilobases of nuclear data. Special emphasis is placed on taxa with controversial taxonomic placement. The resultant phylogenetic tree is used to reconstruct ancestral character states, trace the evolution of significant adaptive traits within the Tachinidae, and test hypotheses about the classification of Phasiinae. Subfamily placements of the taxa Eutherini, Epigrimyiini, Litophasia, Strongygastrini, and Parerigonini are confidently resolved, the former three within Dexiinae and the latter two within Phasiinae. Due to sparse molecular evidence, the Imitomyiini are tentatively placed among the Phasiinae. Ancestral state reconstruction suggests a dominant and persistent trend in Phasiinae to evolve piercing structures used to insert eggs directly into host tissues. A single potential synapomorphy of Phasiinae is identified (elongated hypandrium). This phylogeny is used to update classification of worldwide phasiine genera and tribes. Many novel phylogenetic hypotheses are presented including the division of Parerigonini s. l. into three tribes: Parerigonini s. s., Zitini, and Cylindromyiini, and the division of Phasiini s. l. into four lineages: Phasiini s. s., Gymnosomatini, Opesiini, and Xystini. Two tribes are resurrected (Opesiini and Xystini) and one new tribe is proposed (Zitini nomen novum). Additionally, a survey of phasiine biodiversity was conducted in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (TN, NC). Species identifications were made using morphological keys, with further evidence from 900 base pairs of the nuclear coding gene MCS. In total, 221 specimens representing 26 phasiine species were collected. Of these, 21 species are newly recorded from the park, four are new records for Tennessee, and two are new records for North Carolina. All 12 eastern Nearctic phasiine genera were represented. Updated identification keys to eastern Phasiinae are provided and DNA barcoding sequences were generated that will aid future researchers to quickly and inexpensively identify phasiine species.
Book Synopsis The Phylogenetics of Tachinidae (Insecta: Diptera) with an Emphasis on Subfamily Structure by : Daniel J. Davis
Download or read book The Phylogenetics of Tachinidae (Insecta: Diptera) with an Emphasis on Subfamily Structure written by Daniel J. Davis and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The parasitoid flies of the Tachinidae family are an important and diverse (>10,000 species) lineage of insects. However, tachinids are not well studied partially due to their confusing classification and taxonomy. DNA sequences were obtained from twenty tribal representatives of Tachinidae, along with eight outgroups in order to phylogenetically reconstruct the superfamilial, subfamilial and tribal relationships of Tachinidae. Seven gene regions of six genes (18S, 28S, COI, CAD, Ef1a, and TPI) were sequenced for each taxon (6214 bp total). Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods were used to infer phylogenies. The Sarcophagidae and Oestridae were usually reconstructed as monophyletic. Calliphoridae was paraphyletic with Pollenia typically being sister to Tachinidae. The Rhinophoridae were found embedded within an otherwise monophyletic Tachinidae, a unique finding. Subfamilies of Tachinidae were generally related in a (Tachininae + Exoristinae) + (Phasiinae (Dexiinae)) manner. The problematic Tachininae genera Strongygaster (Strongygasterini) and Ceracia (Acemyini) were placed into their original subfamilies with high confidence. These findings led to a new hypothesis about a slow evolution into the parasitoid habit.
Book Synopsis Systematics of the Genus Group Taxa of the Siphonini (Diptera:tachinidae) by : James Edward O'Hara
Download or read book Systematics of the Genus Group Taxa of the Siphonini (Diptera:tachinidae) written by James Edward O'Hara and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Systematics of the Genus Group Taxa of the Siphonini (Diptera: Tachinidae) by : James Edward O'Hara
Download or read book Systematics of the Genus Group Taxa of the Siphonini (Diptera: Tachinidae) written by James Edward O'Hara and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Molecular Systematics of Thaumaleidae (Insecta: Diptera) by : Robert John Pivar
Download or read book Molecular Systematics of Thaumaleidae (Insecta: Diptera) written by Robert John Pivar and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thaumaleidae, commonly referred to as madicolous midges, are a small family of aquatic Diptera (true flies). The larvae are restricted in their habitat to thin films of vertically flowing water, such as the margins of waterfalls, rock face seeps and cascading mountain streams. The restricted larval habitat and inconspicuous adults have led to thaumaleids being uncommonly encountered, under-collected and thus, understudied. The monophyly of the family is well supported, but generic concepts and relationships have never been rigorously tested, no phylogenies have been published and the validity of several genera is questionable. The overarching goal of this research is to produce the first comprehensive phylogeny for Thaumaleidae to ascertain generic relationships and test current generic concepts. Additional goals include alpha taxonomy and diversity studies. A new genus from Brazil, Neothaumalea Pivar, Moulton and Sinclair, is described. This is the first thaumaleid known from Brazil and east of the Andes. The Chilean thaumaleid fauna is also revised, bringing the known South American fauna from six species to seventeen. In addition to new species descriptions, all available life stages for previously known Chilean species are redescribed and illustrated, and distribution maps and keys to adults are provided. New larval morphotypes for Niphta spp. Theischinger are described and phylogenetic relationships hypothesized. Finally, the first phylogeny depicting thaumaleid generic relationships is constructed. Nucleotide sequences from three nuclear genes (big zinc finger, molybdenum cofactor sulfurase and elongation complex protein 1) were acquired from at least one representative of each genus and several outgroup taxa and analyzed with Bayesian methods. Results support the recognition of six genera within two clades: a Northern Hemisphere clade and a Southern Hemisphere clade. The Northern Hemisphere clade includes Trichothaumalea Edwards as sister to Thaumalea Ruthe (expanded to include Androprosopa Mik and Protothaumalea Vaillant). The Southern Hemisphere clade includes Afrothaumalea Stuckenberg as sister to Austrothaumalea Tonnoir (expanded to include Oterere McLellan) + (Neothaumalea + Niphta). This first comprehensive phylogeny for Thaumaleidae establishes a predictive framework with which to erect a stable classification and test myriad evolutionary hypotheses.
Book Synopsis Catalogue of the Tachinidae (Diptera) of America North of Mexico by : James Edward O'Hara
Download or read book Catalogue of the Tachinidae (Diptera) of America North of Mexico written by James Edward O'Hara and published by Gainesville, Fla. : Associated Publishers. This book was released on 2004 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Host-parasite Catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera) by : Paul Henri Arnaud
Download or read book A Host-parasite Catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera) written by Paul Henri Arnaud and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Tachinidae are the most important of the dipterous families with entomophagous habits. Though often little noticed, these flies have an important role in controlling phytophagous Insecta.
Book Synopsis Parasitoid Community Ecology by : Bradford A. Hawkins
Download or read book Parasitoid Community Ecology written by Bradford A. Hawkins and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of parasitoid communities has direct relevance to general ecological theory and to the applied practice of biological control. Yet, despite the existence of a large and active international research community involved in the study of parasitoids, until now no books devoted to the theme of parasitoid community ecology have been available. Here, with a healthy mix of general discussions and specific examples such as tortricids and weevils, the authors constructively review and evaluate our understanding of these often very complex systems. The book emphasizes basic science, linking the discussion to wider areas such as population dynamics, food webs, competition, and community structure. The more applied end of the subject is covered in a section exclusively devoted to biological control. This book, the first to deal entirely with ecological aspects of parasitoid biology, offers summaries of the state of the field by leading researchers and identifies critical areas in need of further investigation. Students, researchers, and teachers in the field of ecology, animal behavior, entomology, forestry, and agriculture will all want to have a copy of the book on their shelves.
Book Synopsis Field Crop Arthropod Pests of Economic Importance by : Peter A. Edde
Download or read book Field Crop Arthropod Pests of Economic Importance written by Peter A. Edde and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-08-21 with total page 1004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Field Crop Arthropod Pests of Economic Importance presents detailed descriptions of the biology and ecology of important arthropod pest of selected global field crops. Standard management options for insect pest control on crops include biological, non-chemical, and chemical approaches. However, because agricultural crops face a wide range of insect pests throughout the year, it can prove difficult to find a simple solution to insect pest control in many, if not most, cropping systems. A whole-farm or integrated pest management approach combines cultural, natural, and chemical controls to maintain insect pest populations below levels that cause economic damage to the crop. This practice requires accurate species identification and thorough knowledge of the biology and ecology of the target organism. Integration and effective use of various control components is often enhanced when the target organism is correctly identified, and its biology and ecology are known. This book provides a key resource toward that identification and understanding. Students and professionals in agronomy, insect detection and survey, and economic entomology will find the book a valuable learning aid and resource tool. Includes insect synonyms, common names, and geographic distribution Provides information on natural enemies Is thoroughly referenced for future research
Book Synopsis Biological Control by Augmentation of Natural Enemies by : R. Ridgway
Download or read book Biological Control by Augmentation of Natural Enemies written by R. Ridgway and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The protection of agricultural crops, forest, and man and his domestic animals from annoyance and damage by various kinds of pests remains a chronic problem. As we endeavor to improve pro duction processes and to develop more effective and acceptable tactics for achieving this protection, we must give high priority to all potentially useful techniques for the control and management of insects. Pest control is recognized as an acceptable and necessary part of modern agriculture. Methods employed vary greatly and tend to reflect compromises involving 3 determining factors: technological capability, economic feasibility, and social acceptability. How ever, these factors are also subject to change with time since each involves value judgments that are based on available information, cost, benefit considerations, the seriousness of the pest problem, and the political climate. Whatever method is chosen, energy resources continue to dwindle under the impact of increasing popu lation, and it is inevitable that greater reliance must be placed upon renewable resources in pest management. One alternative is the use of a pest management method that uses the energy of the pest's own biomass to fuel a self-perpetuating control system. The use of biological control agents for the control of pests has long been an integral part of the pest management strategy in crop production and forestry and in the protection of man and animals. The importance and unique advantages of the method are well recognized; numerous treatises deal with accomplishments and methodologies.
Book Synopsis The Families and Genera of North American Diptera by : C. H. Curran
Download or read book The Families and Genera of North American Diptera written by C. H. Curran and published by Alpha Edition. This book was released on 2020-04-22 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has been considered by academicians and scholars of great significance and value to literature. This forms a part of the knowledge base for future generations. So that the book is never forgotten we have represented this book in a print format as the same form as it was originally first published. Hence any marks or annotations seen are left intentionally to preserve its true nature.
Book Synopsis The Future of Phylogenetic Systematics by : David Williams
Download or read book The Future of Phylogenetic Systematics written by David Williams and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-07-21 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Willi Hennig (1913–76), founder of phylogenetic systematics, revolutionised our understanding of the relationships among species and their natural classification. An expert on Diptera and fossil insects, Hennig's ideas were applicable to all organisms. He wrote about the science of taxonomy or systematics, refining and promoting discussion of the precise meaning of the term 'relationship', the nature of systematic evidence, and how those matters impinge on a precise understanding of monophyly, paraphyly, and polyphyly. Hennig's contributions are relevant today and are a platform for the future. This book focuses on the intellectual aspects of Hennig's work and gives dimension to the future of the subject in relation to Hennig's foundational contributions to the field of phylogenetic systematics. Suitable for graduate students and academic researchers, this book will also appeal to philosophers and historians interested in the legacy of Willi Hennig.
Book Synopsis Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates by : James H. Thorp
Download or read book Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates written by James H. Thorp and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 1036 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The third edition of Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates continues the tradition of in-depth coverage of the biology, ecology, phylogeny, and identification of freshwater invertebrates from the USA and Canada. This text serves as an authoritative single source for a broad coverage of the anatomy, physiology, ecology, and phylogeny of all major groups of invertebrates in inland waters of North America, north of Mexico." --Book Jacket.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Biodiversity as Bioindicators of Sustainable Landscapes by : Maurizio G. Paoletti
Download or read book Invertebrate Biodiversity as Bioindicators of Sustainable Landscapes written by Maurizio G. Paoletti and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reducing environmental hazard and human impact on different ecosystems, with special emphasis on rural landscapes is the main topic of different environmental policies designed in developed countries and needed in most developing countries. This book covers the bioindication approach of rural landscapes and man managed ecosystems including both urbanised and industrialised ones. The main techniques and taxa used for bioindication are considered in detail. Remediation and contamination is faced with diversity, abundance and dominance of biota, mostly invertebrates. Invertebrate Biodiversity as Bioindicators of Sustainable Landscapes provides a basic tool for students and scientists involved in landscape ecology and planning, environmental sciences, landscape remediation and pollution.
Book Synopsis Manual of Central American Diptera by : Brian Victor Brown
Download or read book Manual of Central American Diptera written by Brian Victor Brown and published by NRC Research Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 729 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While volume 1 includes several introductory chapters and treats 42 families of flies in the Lower Diptera, volume 2 covers the remaining 64 families of flies that make up the Higher Diptera (or Cyclorrhapha). These include families of house flies, fruit flies, bot flies, flower flies and many other lesser-known groups. The text is accompanies by over 1660 line drawings and photographs.
Book Synopsis The Siphonini (Diptera by : Stig Andersen
Download or read book The Siphonini (Diptera written by Stig Andersen and published by BRILL. This book was released on 1996 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present volume presents a detailed account of the taxonomy, biology and distribution of the European species of Siphonini. This group of tachinid Diptera totals 58 species in Europe of which 6 are here described as new to science. In most species, the immatures live as endoparasitolds of lepidopterous larvae, but a few species even attack tipulid larvae. Several species of Siphonini are of great economic interest as agents for the control of lepidopterous and tipulid pests in agriculture and forestry. An analysis and proposal on the systematic position of the Siphonini is given together with a key to larger taxonomic entities of Tachinidae. The generic classification is also critically emphasized. A separate chapter summarizes aspects of the group's natural history: life-cycles, mating behaviour, oviposition strategies, etc. The taxonomic part contains identification keys to genera and species, and for each species a diagnosis, a description and accounts on the nomenclature, biology and distribution is given. A separate catalogue details the provincial distribution of the 47 species occurring in Fennoscandia and Danmark. No less than 275 line drawings and 15 colour illustrations accompany the text.
