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Author : Graham James Thompson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (224 download)
Download or read book Molecular Phylogenetic Insights Into Evolution of Termite Life Patterns written by Graham James Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : David Edward Bignell
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048139775
Total Pages : 580 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)
Download or read book Biology of Termites: a Modern Synthesis written by David Edward Bignell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-20 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology of Termites, a Modern Synthesis brings together the major advances in termite biology, phylogenetics, social evolution and biogeography. In this new volume, David Bignell, Yves Roisin and Nathan Lo have brought together leading experts on termite taxonomy, behaviour, genetics, caste differentiation, physiology, microbiology, mound architecture, biogeography and control. Very strong evolutionary and developmental themes run through the individual chapters, fed by new data streams from molecular sequencing, and for the first time it is possible to compare the social organisation of termites with that of the social Hymenoptera, focusing on caste determination, population genetics, cooperative behaviour, nest hygiene and symbioses with microorganisms. New chapters have been added on termite pheromones, termites as pests of agriculture and on destructive invasive species.
Author : Y. Abe
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 940173223X
Total Pages : 469 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)
Download or read book Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology written by Y. Abe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-14 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a new compendium in which leading termite scientists review the advances of the last 30 years in our understanding of phylogeny, fossil records, relationships with cockroaches, social evolution, nesting, behaviour, mutualisms with archaea, protists, bacteria and fungi, nutrition, energy metabolism,population and community ecology, soil conditioning, greenhouse gas production and pest status.
Author : David Edward Bignell
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789048139781
Total Pages : 576 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (397 download)
Download or read book Biology of Termites: a Modern Synthesis written by David Edward Bignell and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-12-02 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology of Termites, a Modern Synthesis brings together the major advances in termite biology, phylogenetics, social evolution and biogeography. In this new volume, David Bignell, Yves Roisin and Nathan Lo have brought together leading experts on termite taxonomy, behaviour, genetics, caste differentiation, physiology, microbiology, mound architecture, biogeography and control. Very strong evolutionary and developmental themes run through the individual chapters, fed by new data streams from molecular sequencing, and for the first time it is possible to compare the social organisation of termites with that of the social Hymenoptera, focusing on caste determination, population genetics, cooperative behaviour, nest hygiene and symbioses with microorganisms. New chapters have been added on termite pheromones, termites as pests of agriculture and on destructive invasive species.
Author : Silvia C. Remolina
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (774 download)
Download or read book Molecular Basis of Life-history Evolution: a Tale of Two Insects written by Silvia C. Remolina and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of life-history evolution is aimed at understanding the diversity of fertility and longevity patterns observed in nature. These patterns are influenced by the interplay of traits that directly affect the fitness of individuals, including age at first reproduction, growth rate, age-specific fecundity, and age-specific survival. Variation in life-history strategies occurs because of phylogenetic constraints on organisms, influence of extrinsic factors on mortality (i.e. predation), and tradeoffs in energy allocation between competing physiological processes. Differences in life-history strategies have been well documented at the phenotypic level but their causal genetic mechanisms remain largely unknown. At the genetic level, tradeoffs between lifespan and reproduction have been hypothesized to arise because the force of natural selection decreases with advancing age and favors pleiotropic alleles that have beneficial effects on reproduction early in life even at the cost of survival later in life. Experimental evolution studies in Drosophila have highlighted the existence of tradeoffs between lifespan and reproduction that seem to be consistent with the concept of antagonistic pleiotropy. Selection for increased age at first reproduction, as well as selection for lifespan led to increases in lifespan and reduced early life fecundity in these flies. The underlying physiological cause of tradeoffs has been difficult to study because of the diversity of processes that influence life-history traits. Given that increases in lifespan have widespread influence on reproductive output, molecular geneticists interested in aging have documented survival costs of reproduction in long-lived individuals. Mutations in signaling pathways that couple environmental signals to key physiological processes affect growth, reproduction and lifespan. These studies have provided molecular mechanisms that are excellent candidates for regulating life history traits. However, whether natural variation in any of these genes is important in life history evolution remains an open question. My dissertation research focused on understanding differences in life histories in one eusocial and one non-social insect. Eusocial insects are good candidates to study mechanisms of tradeoffs between fecundity and survival. Eusocial insect queens enjoy a long lifespan that does not come at the cost of reduced fecundity, whereas workers are usually short lived and non-reproductive. Both queens and workers can potentially develop from larvae with identical genotypes but yet show strikingly different phenotypes as adults. My work on honey bee aging established the importance of intrinsic physiological factors in regulating differences in lifespan between queen and worker bees, and provided a potential mechanism for such differences. For the second part of my dissertation, I generated fruit fly strains with divergent life-histories to study the molecular underpinnings of life-history evolution. These studies were designed to investigate how phenotypic tradeoffs are regulated at the molecular level. I used a candidate gene approach to evaluate the role of insulin signaling in differential survival and reproduction. Results from this study do not support the involvement of genes in this pathway in life history divergence. A genome-wide screen was also employed to evaluate if other genes were involved in regulating the tradeoff between reproduction and lifespan in my fly strains. Genes involved in nutrient reservoir activity, stress response, and detoxification were differentially expressed between strains. This suggests that life history divergence in my fly lines was possible through differential energy allocation to competing processes (i.e. somatic maintenance vs. reproduction). Understanding variation among organisms in patterns of longevity and reproduction is a key goal of evolutionary biology. Research on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the evolution of life history traits will allow us to link the genetic architecture of these traits to the ecological factors that shape them and this will ultimately help us understand how organisms adapt to their environment. The study of the mechanistic basis of tradeoffs between lifespan and reproduction is also fundamental given the relationship between aging and other life-history traits.
Author : Ahmed Osman Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (132 download)
Download or read book A Molecular Phylogenetic Study of Termites in the Genus Macrotermes from Southern, Western and Central Ethiopia written by Ahmed Osman Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethiopia is a country rich in termite diversity, yet little is known about the taxonomy of the Ethiopian termite species and their populations genetic structure. This study explores the diversity of Ethiopian termite species using barcoding and phylogenetic analyses of thirty-six termite samples from three of the most termite-diverse regions in the country (Southern, Central, and Western Ethiopia). The molecular diversity and evolutionary history of these species is examined using the barcode region of cytochrome oxidase I. Additionally, sixteen previously published primer pairs have been shown to successfully cross amplify repeat regions in our Ethiopian termites. The first mitochondrial genomes of the termite species Macrotermes herus and the East African clade of Macrotermes subhyalinus have been assembled and annotated using two genome assembly methods (de novo and reference-guided). The two genomes were used along with all currently published Macrotermes genomes to construct a whole- mitochondrial genome phylogeny for those species. This study identified the African clade of Macrotermes subhyalinus in Southern and Central Ethiopia, Macrotermes jeanneli in Central Ethiopia, and Macrotermes herus in Western Ethiopia. Our phylogenetic analyses using the barcode region of Cytochrome Oxidase I corroborates theories of the evolutionary history of the species based on mound architecture and spatial distribution in Ethiopia.
Author : Anna Maria Schmidt
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 107 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (896 download)
Download or read book Insights Into the Evolution of 'magnetic' Termites written by Anna Maria Schmidt and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : P. J. Gullan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111884615X
Total Pages : 638 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (188 download)
Download or read book The Insects written by P. J. Gullan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-11-03 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insects represent over half of the planet’s biological diversity. This popular textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to this extraordinary diversity, and places entomology central to the theory and practice of evolutionary and ecological studies. Fully revised, this fifth edition opens with a chapter concerning the popular side of insect studies, including insects in citizen science, zoos and butterfly houses, and insects as food for humans and animals. Key features of insect structure, function, behaviour, ecology and classification are integrated with appropriate molecular studies. Much of the book is organized around major biological themes: living on the ground, in water, on plants, in colonies, and as predators, parasites/parasitoids and prey insects. A strong evolutionary theme is maintained throughout. There is major revision to the chapter on systematics and a new chapter, Insects in a Changing World, includes insect responses to, and the consequences of, both climate change and human-assisted global alterations to distributions. Updated ‘Taxoboxes’ demonstrate topical issues and provide concise information on all aspects of each of the 28 major groupings (orders) of insects, plus the three orders of non-insect hexapods. New boxes describe a worrying increase in insect threats to landscape and commercial trees (including eucalypts, palms and coffee) and explain the value of genetic data, including evolutionary developmental biology and DNA barcoding, in insect biodiversity studies. The authors maintain the clarity and conciseness of earlier editions, and extend the profuse illustrations with new hand-drawn figures. Over 50 colour photographs, together with the informative text and an accompanying website with links to video clips, appendices, textboxes and further reading lists, encourage a deeper scientific study of insects. The book is intended as the principal text for students studying entomology, as well as a reference text for undergraduate and graduate courses in the fields of ecology, agriculture, fisheries and forestry, palaeontology, zoology, and medical and veterinary science.
Author : Dustin R. Rubenstein
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108132634
Total Pages : 479 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (81 download)
Download or read book Comparative Social Evolution written by Dustin R. Rubenstein and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-24 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Darwin famously described special difficulties in explaining social evolution in insects. More than a century later, the evolution of sociality - defined broadly as cooperative group living - remains one of the most intriguing problems in biology. Providing a unique perspective on the study of social evolution, this volume synthesizes the features of animal social life across the principle taxonomic groups in which sociality has evolved. The chapters explore sociality in a range of species, from ants to primates, highlighting key natural and life history data and providing a comparative view across animal societies. In establishing a single framework for a common, trait-based approach towards social synthesis, this volume will enable graduate students and investigators new to the field to systematically compare taxonomic groups and reinvigorate comparative approaches to studying animal social evolution.
Author : James T. Staley
Publisher : Wiley-Liss
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 604 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Biodiversity of Microbial Life written by James T. Staley and published by Wiley-Liss. This book was released on 2002 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiversity of Microbial Life places the importance and novelty of the diversity of the microbial world in perspective with the biodiversity of plants and animals. Microbial diversity has driven the evolution of all life on Earth as well as the nutrient cycles, which are key to the operation of the biosphere. Microorganisms live in all ecosystems, even extreme environments not habitable to other organisms. Noted experts including Carl Woese, the originator of the Tree of Life, and Rita Colwell, who is now Director of the National Science Foundation, offer their unique perspectives on the extent and importance of microbial biodiversity. Special emphasis is placed on: * Evolution, speciation, and contrasts between microbial biodiversity and plant and animal biodiversity * Physiological and metabolic diversity of microorganisms * Biodiversity of microbial life in terrestrial and marine environments * Symbioses between microorganisms and plants, insects, and humans * Extreme environments populated exclusively or primarily by microorganisms including thermal vents and hot springs, polar sea ice environments, and subterranean ecosystems * Microorganisms and biotechnology Biodiversity of Microbial Life is an essential resource for all biologists interested in biodiversity.
Author : Muzaffer Ahmad
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (393 download)
Download or read book The Phylogeny of Termite Genera Based on Imago Worker Mandibles written by Muzaffer Ahmad and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mark B. Bush
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540239081
Total Pages : 427 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)
Download or read book Tropical Rainforest Responses to Climatic Change written by Mark B. Bush and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this book is to provide a current overview of the impacts of climate change on tropical forests, to investigate past, present, and future climatic influences on the ecosystems with the highest biodiversity on the planet.Tropical Rainforest Responses to Climatic Change will be the first book to examine how tropical rain forest ecology is altered by climate change, rather than simply seeing how plant communities were altered. Shifting the emphasis onto ecological processes e.g. how diversity is structured by climate and the subsequent impact on tropical forest ecology, provides the reader with a more comprehensive coverage. A major theme of this book that emerges progressively is the interaction between humans, climate and forest ecology. While numerous books have appeared dealing with forest fragmentation and conservation, none have explicitly explored the long term occupation of tropical systems, the influence of fire and the future climatic effects of deforestation, coupled with anthropogenic emissions. Incorporating modelling of past and future systems paves the way for a discussion of conservation from a climatic perspective, rather than the usual plea to stop logging.
Author : Johannes H.P. Hackstein
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 364213615X
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)
Download or read book (Endo)symbiotic Methanogenic Archaea written by Johannes H.P. Hackstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-08 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This updated monograph deals with methanogenic endosymbionts of anaerobic protists, in particular ciliates and termite flagellates, and with methanogens in the gastrointestinal tracts of vertebrates and arthropods. Further chapters discuss the genomic consequences of living together in symbiotic associations, the role of methanogens in syntrophic degradation, and the function and evolution of hydrogenosomes, hydrogen-producing organelles of certain anaerobic protists. Methanogens are prokaryotic microorganisms that produce methane as an end-product of a complex biochemical pathway. They are strictly anaerobic archaea and occupy a wide variety of anoxic environments. Methanogens also thrive in the cytoplasm of anaerobic unicellular eukaryotes and in the gastrointestinal tracts of animals and humans. The symbiotic methanogens in the gastrointestinal tracts of ruminants and other “methanogenic” mammals contribute significantly to the global methane budget; especially the rumen hosts an impressive diversity of methanogens. This makes this updated volume an interesting read for scientists and students in Microbiology and Physiology.
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309264324
Total Pages : 633 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book The Social Biology of Microbial Communities written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with the germ theory of disease in the 19th century and extending through most of the 20th century, microbes were believed to live their lives as solitary, unicellular, disease-causing organisms . This perception stemmed from the focus of most investigators on organisms that could be grown in the laboratory as cellular monocultures, often dispersed in liquid, and under ambient conditions of temperature, lighting, and humidity. Most such inquiries were designed to identify microbial pathogens by satisfying Koch's postulates.3 This pathogen-centric approach to the study of microorganisms produced a metaphorical "war" against these microbial invaders waged with antibiotic therapies, while simultaneously obscuring the dynamic relationships that exist among and between host organisms and their associated microorganisms-only a tiny fraction of which act as pathogens. Despite their obvious importance, very little is actually known about the processes and factors that influence the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities. Gaining this knowledge will require a seismic shift away from the study of individual microbes in isolation to inquiries into the nature of diverse and often complex microbial communities, the forces that shape them, and their relationships with other communities and organisms, including their multicellular hosts. On March 6 and 7, 2012, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop to explore the emerging science of the "social biology" of microbial communities. Workshop presentations and discussions embraced a wide spectrum of topics, experimental systems, and theoretical perspectives representative of the current, multifaceted exploration of the microbial frontier. Participants discussed ecological, evolutionary, and genetic factors contributing to the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities; how microbial communities adapt and respond to environmental stimuli; theoretical and experimental approaches to advance this nascent field; and potential applications of knowledge gained from the study of microbial communities for the improvement of human, animal, plant, and ecosystem health and toward a deeper understanding of microbial diversity and evolution. The Social Biology of Microbial Communities: Workshop Summary further explains the happenings of the workshop.
Author : Greg J. Hunt
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889450805
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)
Download or read book Advances in Genomics and Epigenomics of Social Insects written by Greg J. Hunt and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social insects are among the most successful and ecologically important animals on earth. The lifestyle of these insects has fascinated humans since prehistoric times. These species evolved a caste of workers that in most cases have no progeny. Some social insects have worker sub-castes that are morphologically specialized for discrete tasks. The organization of the social insect colony has been compared to the metazoan body. Males in the order Hymenoptera (bees, ants and wasps) are haploid, a situation which results in higher relatedness between female siblings. Sociality evolved many times within the Hymenoptera, perhaps spurred in part by increased relatedness that increases inclusive fitness benefits to workers cooperating to raise their sisters and brothers rather than reproducing themselves. But epigenetic processes may also have contributed to the evolution of sociality. The Hymenoptera provide opportunities for comparative study of species ranging from solitary to highly social. A more ancient clade of social insects, the termites (infraorder Isoptera) provide an opportunity to study alternative mechanisms of caste determination and lifestyles that are aided by an array of endosymbionts. This research topic explores the use of genome sequence data and genomic techniques to help us explore how sociality evolved in insects, how epigenetic processes enable phenotypic plasticity, and the mechanisms behind whether a female will become a queen or a worker.
Author : Bert Holldobler
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 9780393067040
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (67 download)
Download or read book The Superorganism written by Bert Holldobler and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2009 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pulitzer Prize-winning authors of "The Ants" render the extraordinary lives of the social insects--ants, bees, wasps, and termites--in this visually spectacular volume. 110 color and 100 black-and-white illustrations.
Author : Judith Korb
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (124 download)
Download or read book How Can Termites Achieve Their Unparalleled Postembryonic Developmental Plasticity? A Test for the Role of Intermolt-specific High Juvenile Hormone Titers written by Judith Korb and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Termites are "social cockroaches" and amongst the most phenotypically plastic insects. The different castes (i.e., two types of reproductives, workers, and soldiers) within termite societies are all encoded by a single genome and present the result of differential postembryonic development. Besides the default progressive development into winged sexuals of solitary hemimetabolous insects, termites have two postembryonic, non-terminal molts (stationary and regressive; i.e., molts associated, respectively, with no change or reduction of size/morphological differentiation) which allow them to retain workers, and two terminal developmental types to become soldiers and replacement reproductives. Despite this unique plasticity, especially the mechanisms underlying the non-terminal development are poorly understood. In 1982, Nijhout and Wheeler proposed a model how this diversity might have evolved. They proposed that varying juvenile hormone (JH) titers at the start, mid-phase, and end of each intermolt period account for the developmental diversity. We tested this rarely addressed model in the lower termite Cryptotermes secundus using phase-specific pharmacological manipulations of JH titers. Our results partially support the Nijhout and Wheeler model. These data are supplemented with gene expression studies of JH-related genes that characterize different postembryonic developmental trajectories. Our study provides new insights into the evolution of the unique postembryonic developmental plasticity of termites that constitutes the foundation of their social life
